解析 JSON 中的字符串数组

Question

在 Delphi 10 Seattle 中，我试图解析一个 JSON，该 JSON 包含一个属性中的字符串数组。

举个例子，考虑一下：

{
  "name":"Joe",
  "age":45,
  "languages":["c++", "java", "cobol"]
} 

如何解析languages 以获得字符串数组？

Answer 1

试试这样的：

function GetLanguagesArray(const AJSON: String): TArray<String>;
var
  LValue: TJSONValue;
  LArray: TJSONArray;
  i: Integer;
begin
  Result := nil;
  LValue := TJSONObject.ParseJSONValue(AJSON);
  if LValue <> nil then
  try
    LArray := (LValue as TJSONObject).GetValue('languages') as TJSONArray;
    SetLength(Result, LArray.Count);
    for i := 0 to Pred(LArray.Count) do
    begin
      Result[i] := LArray[i].Value;
    end;
  finally
    LValue.Free;
  end;
end;

Answer 2

使用 REST.JSON 非常简单，使用 helper 来解析和读取数组项

type
  TDeveloper = class
  private
    FAge      : Integer;
    FName     : string;
    FLanguages: TArray<string>;
  public
    property Age      : Integer        read FAge       write FAge;
    property Name     : string         read FName      write FName;
    property Languages: TArray<string> read FLanguages write FLanguages;
  end;

// Sample
var
  FDeveloper: TDeveloper;
  FLanguage : string;
begin
  try
    FDeveloper := TJson.JsonToObject<TDeveloper>(Memo1.Text);
    Memo2.Clear;
    Memo2.Lines.Add('------------------------------ ');
    Memo2.Lines.Add('Name: ' + FDeveloper.Name);
    Memo2.Lines.Add('Age : ' + FDeveloper.Age.ToString);

    for FLanguage in FDeveloper.Languages do
    begin
      Memo2.Lines.Add('------------------------------ ');
      Memo2.Lines.Add(FLanguage);
    end;
  finally
    FreeAndNil(FDeveloper);
  end;

看图： [1]：https://i.stack.imgur.com/69Zao.png

Answer 3

function TForm1.GetLangArray(const AJSONStr: String): TArray<String>;
var
  AJSONVal, AJSONElem: TJSONValue;
  AJSONArray: TJSONArray;
  i: Integer;
begin
  AJSONVal := TJSONObject.ParseJSONValue(AJSONStr);
  AJSONVal := AJSONVal.P['languages'];

  if (AJSONVal is TJSONArray) then
    AJSONArray := AJSONVal as TJSONArray
  else
    Exit;

  with AJSONArray do
  begin
    SetLength(Result, Count);
    i := 0;
    for AJSONElem in AJSONArray  do
    begin
      Result[i] := AJSONelem.Value;
      Inc(i);
    end;
  end;
end;

更新

感谢@RemyLebeau 的评论。我修复了之前代码的内存泄漏：

function TForm1.GetLangArray(const AJSONStr: String): TArray<String>;
var
  AJSONVal, AJSONElem: TJSONValue;
  AJSONArray: TJSONArray;
  i: Integer;
begin
  AJSONVal := TJSONObject.ParseJSONValue(AJSONStr);
  try
    AJSONArray := AJSONVal.P['languages'] as TJSONArray;

    with AJSONArray do
    begin
      SetLength(Result, Count);
      i := 0;
      for AJSONElem in AJSONArray  do
      begin
        Result[i] := AJSONElem.Value;
        Inc(i);
      end;
    end;
  finally
    AJSONVal.Free;
  end;
end;