如何使用 php 检测搜索引擎机器人？

Question

如何使用 php 检测搜索引擎机器人？

Answer 1

验证Googlebot

因为用户代理可以更改...

唯一官方支持的识别 google bot 的方法是运行 对访问 IP 地址进行反向 DNS 查找并运行正向 DNS 查找结果以验证它是否指向访问 IP 地址 并且生成的域名在 googlebot.com 或 google.com 中 域。

取自here。

所以您必须运行 DNS 查找

reverse 和 forward。

在Google Search Central 上查看this guide。

Answer 2

可能会迟到，但是隐藏链接怎么样。所有机器人都会使用 rel 属性跟随，只有坏机器人会使用 nofollow rel 属性。

<a style="display:none;" rel="follow" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="isabot();">.</a>

function isabot(){
//define a variable to pass with ajax to php
// || send bots info direct to where ever.
isabot = true;
}

对于一个坏机器人，你可以使用这个：

<a style="display:none;" href="javascript:void(0);" rel="nofollow" onclick="isBadbot();">.</a>

对于特定于 PHP，您可以删除 onclick 属性并将 href 属性替换为指向您的 ip 检测器/bot 检测器的链接，如下所示：

<a style="display:none;" rel="follow" href="https://somedomain.com/botdetector.php">.</a>

或

<a style="display:none;" rel="nofollow" href="https://somedomain.com/badbotdetector.php">.</a>

您可以使用它，也可以同时使用两者，一个检测机器人，而另一个证明它是一个坏机器人。

希望你觉得这很有用

Answer 3

如果你真的需要检测 GOOGLE 引擎机器人，你应该永远不要依赖“user_agent”或“IP”地址，因为“user_agent”可以根据谷歌所说的进行更改：Verifying Googlebot

验证 Googlebot 为调用者：

1.使用 host 命令对日志中的访问 IP 地址运行 反向 DNS 查找。

2.验证域名在 googlebot.com 或 google.com

中

3. 对在步骤 1 中检索到的域名使用检索到的域名的 host 命令运行 正向 DNS 查找。验证它是否与您日志中的原始访问 IP 地址相同。

这是我测试过的代码：

<?php
$remote_add=$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
$hostname = gethostbyaddr($remote_add);
$googlebot = 'googlebot.com';
$google = 'google.com';
if (stripos(strrev($hostname), strrev($googlebot)) === 0 or stripos(strrev($hostname),strrev($google)) === 0 ) 
{
//add your code
}

?>

在这段代码中，我们检查“主机名”，它应该在“主机名”的末尾包含“googlebot.com”或“google.com”，这对于检查确切的域而不是子域非常重要。 我希望你喜欢;)

Answer 4

对于 Google，我正在使用这种方法。

function is_google() {
    $ip   = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
    $host = gethostbyaddr( $ip );
    if ( strpos( $host, '.google.com' ) !== false || strpos( $host, '.googlebot.com' ) !== false ) {

        $forward_lookup = gethostbyname( $host );

        if ( $forward_lookup == $ip ) {
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    } else {
        return false;
    }

}

var_dump( is_google() );

致谢：https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/80553

Answer 5

100% Working Bot 检测器。它在我的网站上成功运行。

function isBotDetected() {

    if ( preg_match('/abacho|accona|AddThis|AdsBot|ahoy|AhrefsBot|AISearchBot|alexa|altavista|anthill|appie|applebot|arale|araneo|AraybOt|ariadne|arks|aspseek|ATN_Worldwide|Atomz|baiduspider|baidu|bbot|bingbot|bing|Bjaaland|BlackWidow|BotLink|bot|boxseabot|bspider|calif|CCBot|ChinaClaw|christcrawler|CMC\/0\.01|combine|confuzzledbot|contaxe|CoolBot|cosmos|crawler|crawlpaper|crawl|curl|cusco|cyberspyder|cydralspider|dataprovider|digger|DIIbot|DotBot|downloadexpress|DragonBot|DuckDuckBot|dwcp|EasouSpider|ebiness|ecollector|elfinbot|esculapio|ESI|esther|eStyle|Ezooms|facebookexternalhit|facebook|facebot|fastcrawler|FatBot|FDSE|FELIX IDE|fetch|fido|find|Firefly|fouineur|Freecrawl|froogle|gammaSpider|gazz|gcreep|geona|Getterrobo-Plus|get|girafabot|golem|googlebot|\-google|grabber|GrabNet|griffon|Gromit|gulliver|gulper|hambot|havIndex|hotwired|htdig|HTTrack|ia_archiver|iajabot|IDBot|Informant|InfoSeek|InfoSpiders|INGRID\/0\.1|inktomi|inspectorwww|Internet Cruiser Robot|irobot|Iron33|JBot|jcrawler|Jeeves|jobo|KDD\-Explorer|KIT\-Fireball|ko_yappo_robot|label\-grabber|larbin|legs|libwww-perl|linkedin|Linkidator|linkwalker|Lockon|logo_gif_crawler|Lycos|m2e|majesticsEO|marvin|mattie|mediafox|mediapartners|MerzScope|MindCrawler|MJ12bot|mod_pagespeed|moget|Motor|msnbot|muncher|muninn|MuscatFerret|MwdSearch|NationalDirectory|naverbot|NEC\-MeshExplorer|NetcraftSurveyAgent|NetScoop|NetSeer|newscan\-online|nil|none|Nutch|ObjectsSearch|Occam|openstat.ru\/Bot|packrat|pageboy|ParaSite|patric|pegasus|perlcrawler|phpdig|piltdownman|Pimptrain|pingdom|pinterest|pjspider|PlumtreeWebAccessor|PortalBSpider|psbot|rambler|Raven|RHCS|RixBot|roadrunner|Robbie|robi|RoboCrawl|robofox|Scooter|Scrubby|Search\-AU|searchprocess|search|SemrushBot|Senrigan|seznambot|Shagseeker|sharp\-info\-agent|sift|SimBot|Site Valet|SiteSucker|skymob|SLCrawler\/2\.0|slurp|snooper|solbot|speedy|spider_monkey|SpiderBot\/1\.0|spiderline|spider|suke|tach_bw|TechBOT|TechnoratiSnoop|templeton|teoma|titin|topiclink|twitterbot|twitter|UdmSearch|Ukonline|UnwindFetchor|URL_Spider_SQL|urlck|urlresolver|Valkyrie libwww\-perl|verticrawl|Victoria|void\-bot|Voyager|VWbot_K|wapspider|WebBandit\/1\.0|webcatcher|WebCopier|WebFindBot|WebLeacher|WebMechanic|WebMoose|webquest|webreaper|webspider|webs|WebWalker|WebZip|wget|whowhere|winona|wlm|WOLP|woriobot|WWWC|XGET|xing|yahoo|YandexBot|YandexMobileBot|yandex|yeti|Zeus/i', $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])
    ) {
        return true; // 'Above given bots detected'
    }

    return false;

} // End :: isBotDetected()

Answer 6

我为此做了一个又好又快的函数

function is_bot(){

        if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']))
        {
            return preg_match('/rambler|abacho|acoi|accona|aspseek|altavista|estyle|scrubby|lycos|geona|ia_archiver|alexa|sogou|skype|facebook|twitter|pinterest|linkedin|naver|bing|google|yahoo|duckduckgo|yandex|baidu|teoma|xing|java\/1.7.0_45|bot|crawl|slurp|spider|mediapartners|\sask\s|\saol\s/i', $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']);
        }

        return false;
    }

这涵盖了所有可能的机器人、搜索引擎等的 99%。

Answer 7

查看$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] 获取此处列出的一些字符串：

http://www.useragentstring.com/pages/useragentstring.php

或者更具体地用于爬虫：

http://www.useragentstring.com/pages/useragentstring.php?typ=Crawler

如果你想记录最常见的搜索引擎爬虫的访问次数，你可以使用

$interestingCrawlers = array( 'google', 'yahoo' );
$pattern = '/(' . implode('|', $interestingCrawlers) .')/';
$matches = array();
$numMatches = preg_match($pattern, strtolower($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']), $matches, 'i');
if($numMatches > 0) // Found a match
{
  // $matches[1] contains an array of all text matches to either 'google' or 'yahoo'
}

Answer 8

我使用这个函数......正则表达式的一部分来自 prestashop，但我添加了一些更多的机器人。

    public function isBot()
{
    $bot_regex = '/BotLink|bingbot|AhrefsBot|ahoy|AlkalineBOT|anthill|appie|arale|araneo|AraybOt|ariadne|arks|ATN_Worldwide|Atomz|bbot|Bjaaland|Ukonline|borg\-bot\/0\.9|boxseabot|bspider|calif|christcrawler|CMC\/0\.01|combine|confuzzledbot|CoolBot|cosmos|Internet Cruiser Robot|cusco|cyberspyder|cydralspider|desertrealm, desert realm|digger|DIIbot|grabber|downloadexpress|DragonBot|dwcp|ecollector|ebiness|elfinbot|esculapio|esther|fastcrawler|FDSE|FELIX IDE|ESI|fido|H�m�h�kki|KIT\-Fireball|fouineur|Freecrawl|gammaSpider|gazz|gcreep|golem|googlebot|griffon|Gromit|gulliver|gulper|hambot|havIndex|hotwired|htdig|iajabot|INGRID\/0\.1|Informant|InfoSpiders|inspectorwww|irobot|Iron33|JBot|jcrawler|Teoma|Jeeves|jobo|image\.kapsi\.net|KDD\-Explorer|ko_yappo_robot|label\-grabber|larbin|legs|Linkidator|linkwalker|Lockon|logo_gif_crawler|marvin|mattie|mediafox|MerzScope|NEC\-MeshExplorer|MindCrawler|udmsearch|moget|Motor|msnbot|muncher|muninn|MuscatFerret|MwdSearch|sharp\-info\-agent|WebMechanic|NetScoop|newscan\-online|ObjectsSearch|Occam|Orbsearch\/1\.0|packrat|pageboy|ParaSite|patric|pegasus|perlcrawler|phpdig|piltdownman|Pimptrain|pjspider|PlumtreeWebAccessor|PortalBSpider|psbot|Getterrobo\-Plus|Raven|RHCS|RixBot|roadrunner|Robbie|robi|RoboCrawl|robofox|Scooter|Search\-AU|searchprocess|Senrigan|Shagseeker|sift|SimBot|Site Valet|skymob|SLCrawler\/2\.0|slurp|ESI|snooper|solbot|speedy|spider_monkey|SpiderBot\/1\.0|spiderline|nil|suke|http:\/\/www\.sygol\.com|tach_bw|TechBOT|templeton|titin|topiclink|UdmSearch|urlck|Valkyrie libwww\-perl|verticrawl|Victoria|void\-bot|Voyager|VWbot_K|crawlpaper|wapspider|WebBandit\/1\.0|webcatcher|T\-H\-U\-N\-D\-E\-R\-S\-T\-O\-N\-E|WebMoose|webquest|webreaper|webs|webspider|WebWalker|wget|winona|whowhere|wlm|WOLP|WWWC|none|XGET|Nederland\.zoek|AISearchBot|woriobot|NetSeer|Nutch|YandexBot|YandexMobileBot|SemrushBot|FatBot|MJ12bot|DotBot|AddThis|baiduspider|SeznamBot|mod_pagespeed|CCBot|openstat.ru\/Bot|m2e/i';
    $userAgent = empty($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) ? FALSE : $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
    $isBot = !$userAgent || preg_match($bot_regex, $userAgent);

    return $isBot;
}

无论如何，请注意一些机器人使用浏览器（如用户代理）来伪造他们的身份
（我的网站上有很多俄罗斯 ip 有这种行为）

大多数机器人的一个显着特点是它们不携带任何 cookie，因此不附加任何会话。
（我不确定如何，但这肯定是跟踪它们的最佳方法）

Answer 9

function bot_detected() {

  if(preg_match('/bot|crawl|slurp|spider|mediapartners/i', $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']){
    return true;
  }
  else{
    return false;
  }
}

Answer 10

我使用以下似乎工作正常的代码：

function _bot_detected() {

  return (
    isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])
    && preg_match('/bot|crawl|slurp|spider|mediapartners/i', $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])
  );
}

更新 16-06-2017 https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/1061943?hl=en

添加了媒体合作伙伴

Answer 11

我正在使用它来检测机器人：

if (preg_match('/bot|crawl|curl|dataprovider|search|get|spider|find|java|majesticsEO|google|yahoo|teoma|contaxe|yandex|libwww-perl|facebookexternalhit/i', $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])) {
    // is bot
}

此外，我使用白名单来阻止不需要的机器人：

if (preg_match('/apple|baidu|bingbot|facebookexternalhit|googlebot|-google|ia_archiver|msnbot|naverbot|pingdom|seznambot|slurp|teoma|twitter|yandex|yeti/i', $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])) {
    // allowed bot
}

然后，不受欢迎的机器人（= 误报用户）能够破解验证码，在 24 小时内解除对自己的阻止。由于没有人解决这个验证码，我知道它不会产生误报。所以机器人检测似乎工作得很好。

注意：我的白名单基于Facebooks robots.txt。

Answer 12

我正在使用这个代码，很不错。您将很容易知道访问过您网站的用户代理。此代码正在打开一个文件并将 user_agent 写入文件。您可以通过转到yourdomain.com/useragent.txt 每天检查此文件并了解新的 user_agents 并将它们放在您的 if 子句条件中。

$user_agent = strtolower($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']);
if(!preg_match("/Googlebot|MJ12bot|yandexbot/i", $user_agent)){
    // if not meet the conditions then
    // do what you need

    // here open a file and write the user_agent down the file. You can check each day this file useragent.txt and know about new user_agents and put them in your condition of if clause
    if($user_agent!=""){
        $myfile = fopen("useragent.txt", "a") or die("Unable to open file useragent.txt!");
        fwrite($myfile, $user_agent);
        $user_agent = "\n";
        fwrite($myfile, $user_agent);
        fclose($myfile);
    }
}

这是useragent.txt的内容

Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MJ12bot/v1.4.6; http://mj12bot.com/)Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)
Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0.1; Nexus 5X Build/MMB29P) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2272.96 Mobile Safari/537.36 (compatible; Googlebot/2.1; +http://www.google.com/bot.html)mozilla/5.0 (compatible; yandexbot/3.0; +http://yandex.com/bots)
mozilla/5.0 (compatible; yandexbot/3.0; +http://yandex.com/bots)
mozilla/5.0 (compatible; yandexbot/3.0; +http://yandex.com/bots)
mozilla/5.0 (compatible; yandexbot/3.0; +http://yandex.com/bots)
mozilla/5.0 (compatible; yandexbot/3.0; +http://yandex.com/bots)
mozilla/5.0 (iphone; cpu iphone os 9_3 like mac os x) applewebkit/601.1.46 (khtml, like gecko) version/9.0 mobile/13e198 safari/601.1
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/53.0.2785.143 safari/537.36
mozilla/5.0 (compatible; linkdexbot/2.2; +http://www.linkdex.com/bots/)
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64; rv:49.0) gecko/20100101 firefox/49.0
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64; rv:33.0) gecko/20100101 firefox/33.0
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64; rv:49.0) gecko/20100101 firefox/49.0
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64; rv:33.0) gecko/20100101 firefox/33.0
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64; rv:49.0) gecko/20100101 firefox/49.0
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64; rv:33.0) gecko/20100101 firefox/33.0
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64; rv:49.0) gecko/20100101 firefox/49.0
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64; rv:33.0) gecko/20100101 firefox/33.0
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/53.0.2785.143 safari/537.36
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/53.0.2785.143 safari/537.36
mozilla/5.0 (compatible; baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)
zoombot (linkbot 1.0 http://suite.seozoom.it/bot.html)
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 10.0; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/44.0.2403.155 safari/537.36 opr/31.0.1889.174
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 10.0; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/44.0.2403.155 safari/537.36 opr/31.0.1889.174
sogou web spider/4.0(+http://www.sogou.com/docs/help/webmasters.htm#07)
mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 10.0; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/44.0.2403.155 safari/537.36 opr/31.0.1889.174

Answer 13

您可以查看它是否是具有此功能的搜索引擎：

<?php
function crawlerDetect($USER_AGENT)
{
$crawlers = array(
'Google' => 'Google',
'MSN' => 'msnbot',
      'Rambler' => 'Rambler',
      'Yahoo' => 'Yahoo',
      'AbachoBOT' => 'AbachoBOT',
      'accoona' => 'Accoona',
      'AcoiRobot' => 'AcoiRobot',
      'ASPSeek' => 'ASPSeek',
      'CrocCrawler' => 'CrocCrawler',
      'Dumbot' => 'Dumbot',
      'FAST-WebCrawler' => 'FAST-WebCrawler',
      'GeonaBot' => 'GeonaBot',
      'Gigabot' => 'Gigabot',
      'Lycos spider' => 'Lycos',
      'MSRBOT' => 'MSRBOT',
      'Altavista robot' => 'Scooter',
      'AltaVista robot' => 'Altavista',
      'ID-Search Bot' => 'IDBot',
      'eStyle Bot' => 'eStyle',
      'Scrubby robot' => 'Scrubby',
      'Facebook' => 'facebookexternalhit',
  );
  // to get crawlers string used in function uncomment it
  // it is better to save it in string than use implode every time
  // global $crawlers
   $crawlers_agents = implode('|',$crawlers);
  if (strpos($crawlers_agents, $USER_AGENT) === false)
      return false;
    else {
    return TRUE;
    }
}
?>

然后你可以像这样使用它：

<?php $USER_AGENT = $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
  if(crawlerDetect($USER_AGENT)) return "no need to lang redirection";?>

Answer 14

因为任何客户端都可以将用户代理设置为他们想要的，所以寻找“Googlebot”、“bingbot”等只是工作的一半。

第二部分是验证客户端的 IP。在过去，这需要维护 IP 列表。您在网上找到的所有列表都已过时。正如 Google https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/80553 和 Bing http://www.bing.com/webmaster/help/how-to-verify-bingbot-3905dc26 所解释的那样，顶级搜索引擎正式支持通过 DNS 进行验证

首先对客户端 IP 执行反向 DNS 查找。对于 Google，这会在 googlebot.com 下带来一个主机名，对于 Bing，它在 search.msn.com 下。然后，因为有人可以在他的 IP 上设置这样的反向 DNS，所以您需要通过对该主机名的正向 DNS 查找进行验证。如果生成的 IP 与网站访问者的 IP 相同，则可以确定它是来自该搜索引擎的爬虫。

我用 Java 编写了一个库来为您执行这些检查。随意将其移植到 PHP。在 GitHub 上：https://github.com/optimaize/webcrawler-verifier

Answer 15

使用Device Detector开源库，它提供了一个isBot()函数：https://github.com/piwik/device-detector

Answer 16

 <?php // IPCLOACK HOOK
if (CLOAKING_LEVEL != 4) {
    $lastupdated = date("Ymd", filemtime(FILE_BOTS));
    if ($lastupdated != date("Ymd")) {
        $lists = array(
        'http://labs.getyacg.com/spiders/google.txt',
        'http://labs.getyacg.com/spiders/inktomi.txt',
        'http://labs.getyacg.com/spiders/lycos.txt',
        'http://labs.getyacg.com/spiders/msn.txt',
        'http://labs.getyacg.com/spiders/altavista.txt',
        'http://labs.getyacg.com/spiders/askjeeves.txt',
        'http://labs.getyacg.com/spiders/wisenut.txt',
        );
        foreach($lists as $list) {
            $opt .= fetch($list);
        }
        $opt = preg_replace("/(^[\r\n]*|[\r\n]+)[\s\t]*[\r\n]+/", "\n", $opt);
        $fp =  fopen(FILE_BOTS,"w");
        fwrite($fp,$opt);
        fclose($fp);
    }
    $ip = isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) ? $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] : '';
    $ref = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] : '';
    $agent = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] : '';
    $host = strtolower(gethostbyaddr($ip));
    $file = implode(" ", file(FILE_BOTS));
    $exp = explode(".", $ip);
    $class = $exp[0].'.'.$exp[1].'.'.$exp[2].'.';
    $threshold = CLOAKING_LEVEL;
    $cloak = 0;
    if (stristr($host, "googlebot") && stristr($host, "inktomi") && stristr($host, "msn")) {
        $cloak++;
    }
    if (stristr($file, $class)) {
        $cloak++;
    }
    if (stristr($file, $agent)) {
        $cloak++;
    }
    if (strlen($ref) > 0) {
        $cloak = 0;
    }

    if ($cloak >= $threshold) {
        $cloakdirective = 1;
    } else {
        $cloakdirective = 0;
    }
}
?>

这将是隐藏蜘蛛的理想方式。它来自一个名为 [YACG] 的开源脚本 - http://getyacg.com

需要一些工作，但绝对是要走的路。

Answer 17

您可以分析用户代理 ($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) 或将客户端的 IP 地址 ($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) 与 list of IP addresses of search engine bots 进行比较。

Answer 18

这是Search Engine Directory of Spider names

然后你使用$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']; 来检查代理是否是蜘蛛。

if(strstr(strtolower($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']), "googlebot"))
{
    // what to do
}