将简单函数用作具有 OOP 特性的类

Question

看到非常有趣的代码here，我正在尝试通过以下代码将函数用作类：

def CF_ptrec(sname='', sage=0, sgender=''):
    name = sname
    age = sage
    gender=sgender

    def getname():          
          return name
    def setname(ssname):        
          global name; name = ssname
    def getgender():        
          return gender
    def setgender(ssgender):    
          global gender; gender = ssgender

    def getage():           
          return age
    def setage(ssage):          
        print("in setage fn; val rcd: ", ssage) # just for testing; 
        global age
        age = ssage

    def printrep():
        print("Name: ", name)
        print("Age: ", age)
        print("Gender: ", gender)
        print("===========================")

    return {        # a dictionary
    "getname":getname, "setname":setname, 
    "getage":getage, "setage":setage, 
    "getgender":getgender, "setgender":setgender, 
    "printrep": printrep }

我可以创建对象并调用函数来打印它们的详细信息：

# CREATE OBJECTS: 
arec = CF_ptrec("Ram", 5, "M")
brec = CF_ptrec("Tom", 15, "M")

# PRINT THEIR RECORDS: 
arec["printrep"]()
brec["printrep"]()

输出：

Name:  Ram
Age:  5
Gender:  M
===========================
Name:  Tom
Age:  15
Gender:  M
===========================

但是，如果我尝试更改这些对象的年龄值，则无法正常工作：

# CHANGE AGE VALUES: 
arec['setage'](25)
brec['setage'](25)

# PRINT RECORDS: 
arec["printrep"]()
brec["printrep"]()

输出：

in setage fn; val rcd:  25
in setage fn; val rcd:  25
Name:  Ram
Age:  5
Gender:  M
===========================
Name:  Tom
Age:  15
Gender:  M
===========================

问题出在哪里，如何解决？

Answer 1

当您尝试设置这些值时，您指的是global 变量。您真正想要更改的变量不是全局，它们在CF_ptrec 的范围内。您需要改用nonlocal age。目前，您正在设置一个 全局 变量 age，但正在从 CF_ptrec 范围读取 age。

Answer 2

在@Deceze 答案的基础上，这是您的示例，使用nonlocal 关键字修改：（[编辑]：换句话说，这是您在应用@Deceze 答案时获得的代码）

def CF_ptrec(sname='', sage=0, sgender=''):
    name = sname
    age = sage
    gender=sgender

    def getname():          
        return name

    def setname(ssname):        
        nonlocal name
        name = ssname

    def getgender():        
        return gender

    def setgender(ssgender):    
        nonlocal gender
        gender = ssgender

    def getage():           
        return age

    def setage(ssage):          
        print("in setage fn; val rcd: ", ssage) # just for testing; 
        nonlocal age
        age = ssage

    def printrep():
        print("Name: ", name)
        print("Age: ", age)
        print("Gender: ", gender)
        print("===========================")

    return {        # a dictionary
    "getname":getname, "setname":setname, 
    "getage":getage, "setage":setage, 
    "getgender":getgender, "setgender":setgender, 
    "printrep": printrep }

您的代码中失败的值更改现在已被考虑在内并且运行良好：

# CHANGE AGE VALUES: 
arec['setage'](25)
brec['setage'](25)

# PRINT RECORDS: 
arec["printrep"]()
brec["printrep"]()

输出：

in setage fn; val rcd:  25
in setage fn; val rcd:  25
Name:  Ram
Age:  25
Gender:  M
===========================
Name:  Tom
Age:  25
Gender:  M
===========================