使用 C 代码获取与 ifconfig 相同的信息

Question

在 Linux 中有没有一种方法可以使用 C 代码来获得与“ifconfig eth0”返回的信息相同的信息？我对 IP 地址、链接状态和 MAC 地址等内容感兴趣。

这是 ifconfig 的示例输出：

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0F:20:CF:8B:42
          inet addr:217.149.127.10  Bcast:217.149.127.63  Mask:255.255.255.192
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:2472694671 errors:1 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:44641779 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:1761467179 (1679.8 Mb)  TX bytes:2870928587 (2737.9 Mb)
          Interrupt:28 

Answer 1

解决此类问题的一种方法是strace。

它会为您提供您传递给它的任何程序进行的所有系统调用的列表，以及它们的参数和返回值。如果您的程序只是转储一些信息并退出而不是长时间运行，那么只需对您看到的所有系统调用执行人工操作就可以非常简单，看起来它们可能会提供您正在寻找的信息。

当我跑步时

strace ifconfig

一些有趣的调用是：

open("/proc/net/dev", O_RDONLY)         = 6

随后是一堆 ioctl，证实了@payne 的回答：

ioctl(5, SIOCGIFFLAGS, {ifr_name="eth0",    ifr_flags=IFF_UP|IFF_BROADCAST|IFF_RUNNING|IFF_MULTICAST}) = 0
ioctl(5, SIOCGIFHWADDR, {ifr_name="eth0", ifr_hwaddr=84:2b:2b:b7:9e:6d}) = 0
ioctl(5, SIOCGIFMETRIC, {ifr_name="eth0", ifr_metric=0}) = 0
ioctl(5, SIOCGIFMTU, {ifr_name="eth0", ifr_mtu=1500}) = 0

Answer 2

是的，ifconfig 本身是用 C 编写的。:) 请参阅：http://cvsweb.netbsd.org/bsdweb.cgi/src/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.c?rev=1.169&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup

man netdevice 以查看详细信息（在 Linux 上）。您使用ioctl() 系统调用。

Answer 3

有更简单的方法。复制自http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/getifaddrs.3.html

   #include <arpa/inet.h>
   #include <sys/socket.h>
   #include <netdb.h>
   #include <ifaddrs.h>
   #include <stdio.h>
   #include <stdlib.h>
   #include <unistd.h>
   #include <linux/if_link.h>

   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
       struct ifaddrs *ifaddr, *ifa;
       int family, s, n;
       char host[NI_MAXHOST];

       if (getifaddrs(&ifaddr) == -1) {
           perror("getifaddrs");
           exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
       }

       /* Walk through linked list, maintaining head pointer so we
          can free list later */

       for (ifa = ifaddr, n = 0; ifa != NULL; ifa = ifa->ifa_next, n++) {
           if (ifa->ifa_addr == NULL)
               continue;

           family = ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family;

           /* Display interface name and family (including symbolic
              form of the latter for the common families) */

           printf("%-8s %s (%d)\n",
                  ifa->ifa_name,
                  (family == AF_PACKET) ? "AF_PACKET" :
                  (family == AF_INET) ? "AF_INET" :
                  (family == AF_INET6) ? "AF_INET6" : "???",
                  family);

           /* For an AF_INET* interface address, display the address */

           if (family == AF_INET || family == AF_INET6) {
               s = getnameinfo(ifa->ifa_addr,
                       (family == AF_INET) ? sizeof(struct sockaddr_in) :
                                             sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6),
                       host, NI_MAXHOST,
                       NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);
               if (s != 0) {
                   printf("getnameinfo() failed: %s\n", gai_strerror(s));
                   exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
               }

               printf("\t\taddress: <%s>\n", host);

           } else if (family == AF_PACKET && ifa->ifa_data != NULL) {
               struct rtnl_link_stats *stats = (struct rtnl_link_stats *)ifa->ifa_data;

               printf("\t\ttx_packets = %10u; rx_packets = %10u\n"
                      "\t\ttx_bytes   = %10u; rx_bytes   = %10u\n",
                      stats->tx_packets, stats->rx_packets,
                      stats->tx_bytes, stats->rx_bytes);
           }
       }

       freeifaddrs(ifaddr);
       exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
   }

Answer 4

一种简单的方法是使用 popen 函数，请参阅： http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009696899/functions/popen.html

使用类似的东西：

FILE *fp;

char returnData[64];

fp = popen("/sbin/ifconfig eth0", "r");

while (fgets(returnData, 64, fp) != NULL)
{
    printf("%s", returnData);
}

pclose(fp);

Answer 5

这是我在代码中获取 MAC 和 MTU 的方法：

void getMACAddress(std::string _iface,unsigned char MAC[6]) {
        int fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
        struct ifreq ifr;
        ifr.ifr_addr.sa_family = AF_INET;
        strncpy(ifr.ifr_name , _iface.c_str() , IFNAMSIZ-1);
        ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr);
        for(unsigned int i=0;i<6;i++)
            MAC[i] = ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[i];
        ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFMTU, &ifr);
        close(fd);
        printf("MTU: %d\n",ifr.ifr_mtu);
        printf("MAC:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x\n",MAC[0],MAC[1],MAC[2],MAC[3],MAC[4],MAC[5]);
    }

Answer 6

void parse_ioctl(const char *ifname)
{
    printf("%s\n", "scarf rosari...");
    int sock;
    struct ifreq ifr;
    struct sockaddr_in *ipaddr;
    char address[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
    size_t ifnamelen;

    /* copy ifname to ifr object */
    ifnamelen = strlen(ifname);
    if (ifnamelen >= sizeof(ifr.ifr_name)) {
        printf("error :%s\n", ifr.ifr_name);
        return ;
    }
    memcpy(ifr.ifr_name, ifname, ifnamelen);
    ifr.ifr_name[ifnamelen] = '\0';

    /* open socket */
    sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP);
    if (sock < 0) {
        printf("error :%s\n", "unable to open socket..");
        return;
    }

    /* process mac */
    if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr) != -1) {
        printf("Mac address: %02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x\n",
                (unsigned char)ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[0],
                (unsigned char)ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[1],
                (unsigned char)ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[2],
                (unsigned char)ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[3],
                (unsigned char)ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[4],
                (unsigned char)ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[5]);
    }

    /* process mtu */
    if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFMTU, &ifr) != -1) {
        printf("MTU: %d\n", ifr.ifr_mtu);
    }

    /* die if cannot get address */
    if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFADDR, &ifr) == -1) {
        close(sock);
        return;
    }

    /* process ip */
    ipaddr = (struct sockaddr_in *)&ifr.ifr_addr;
    if (inet_ntop(AF_INET, &ipaddr->sin_addr, address, sizeof(address)) != NULL) {
        printf("Ip address: %s\n", address);
    }

    /* try to get broadcast */
    if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFBRDADDR, &ifr) != -1) {
        ipaddr = (struct sockaddr_in *)&ifr.ifr_broadaddr;
        if (inet_ntop(AF_INET, &ipaddr->sin_addr, address, sizeof(address)) != NULL) {
            printf("Broadcast: %s\n", address);
        }
    }

    /* try to get mask */
    if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFNETMASK, &ifr) != -1) {
        ipaddr = (struct sockaddr_in *)&ifr.ifr_netmask;
        if (inet_ntop(AF_INET, &ipaddr->sin_addr, address, sizeof(address)) != NULL) {
            printf("Netmask: %s\n", address);
        }
    }

    close(sock);
}

用法：

parse_ioctl("eth0");