python游戏中房间/屏幕/菜单控制器的问题：旧房间没有从内存中删除

Question

我真的是在用头撞墙（就像，是的，在身体上，在我当前的位置，我正在损坏我的头盖骨）。基本上，我有一个带有一些典型游戏“房间”或“屏幕”的 Python/Pygame 游戏。 EG 标题画面、高分画面和实际游戏室。当我在房间之间切换时发生了一些不好的事情：旧房间（及其各种项目）没有从内存或我的事件侦听器中删除。不仅如此，每次我回到某个房间时，我的事件侦听器数量都会增加，内存消耗也会增加！（所以如果我在标题屏幕和“游戏室”，例如，事件监听器的数量和内存使用量不断增加。

主要问题是所有事件侦听器开始累加并真正耗尽 CPU。我是 Python 新手，不知道我是否在这里做一些明显错误的事情，或者什么。

如果你能帮助我，我会非常爱你！

以下是相关源代码。完整的源代码在http://www.necessarygames.com/my_games/betraveled/betraveled_src0328.zip （需要 Python 2.6 + Pygame 1.9）

MAIN.PY

class RoomController(object):
    """Controls which room is currently active (eg Title Screen)"""

    def __init__(self, screen, ev_manager):
        self.room = None
        self.screen = screen
        self.ev_manager = ev_manager
        self.ev_manager.register_listener(self)
        self.room = self.set_room(config.room)

    def set_room(self, room_const):
        #Unregister old room from ev_manager
        if self.room:
            self.room.ev_manager.unregister_listener(self.room)
            self.room = None
        #Set new room based on const
        if room_const == config.TITLE_SCREEN:
            return rooms.TitleScreen(self.screen, self.ev_manager)
        elif room_const == config.GAME_MODE_ROOM:
            return rooms.GameModeRoom(self.screen, self.ev_manager)        
        elif room_const == config.GAME_ROOM:
            return rooms.GameRoom(self.screen, self.ev_manager)
        elif room_const == config.HIGH_SCORES_ROOM:
            return rooms.HighScoresRoom(self.screen, self.ev_manager)

    def notify(self, event):
        if isinstance(event, ChangeRoomRequest):
            if event.game_mode:
                config.game_mode = event.game_mode            
            self.room = self.set_room(event.new_room)

#Run game 
def main():
    pygame.init()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(config.screen_size)

    ev_manager = EventManager()
    spinner = CPUSpinnerController(ev_manager)
    room_controller = RoomController(screen, ev_manager)    
    pygame_event_controller = PyGameEventController(ev_manager)

    spinner.run()

EVENT_MANAGER.PY

class EventManager:

    #This object is responsible for coordinating most communication
    #between the Model, View, and Controller.
    def __init__(self):
        from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary
        self.last_listeners = {}
        self.listeners = WeakKeyDictionary()
        self.eventQueue= []
        self.gui_app = None

    #----------------------------------------------------------------------
    def register_listener(self, listener):
        self.listeners[listener] = 1

    #----------------------------------------------------------------------
    def unregister_listener(self, listener):
        if listener in self.listeners:
            del self.listeners[listener]

    #----------------------------------------------------------------------
    def clear(self):
        del self.listeners[:]

    #----------------------------------------------------------------------
    def post(self, event):
#        if  isinstance(event, MouseButtonLeftEvent):
#            debug(event.name)
        #NOTE: copying the list like this before iterating over it, EVERY tick, is highly inefficient,
        #but currently has to be done because of how new listeners are added to the queue while it is running
        #(eg when popping cards from a deck). Should be changed. See: http://dr0id.homepage.bluewin.ch/pygame_tutorial08.html
        #and search for "Watch the iteration"

        print 'Number of listeners: ' + str(len(self.listeners))

        for listener in list(self.listeners):                               
            #NOTE: If the weakref has died, it will be 
            #automatically removed, so we don't have 
            #to worry about it.
            listener.notify(event)

    def notify(self, event):
        pass

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class PyGameEventController:
    """..."""
    def __init__(self, ev_manager):
        self.ev_manager = ev_manager
        self.ev_manager.register_listener(self) 
        self.input_freeze = False

    #----------------------------------------------------------------------
    def notify(self, incoming_event):

        if isinstance(incoming_event, UserInputFreeze):
            self.input_freeze = True

        elif isinstance(incoming_event, UserInputUnFreeze):
            self.input_freeze = False        

        elif isinstance(incoming_event, TickEvent) or isinstance(incoming_event, BoardCreationTick):

            #Share some time with other processes, so we don't hog the cpu
            pygame.time.wait(5)

            #Handle Pygame Events
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                #If this event manager has an associated PGU GUI app, notify it of the event
                if self.ev_manager.gui_app:
                    self.ev_manager.gui_app.event(event)
                #Standard event handling for everything else
                ev = None
                if event.type == QUIT:
                    ev = QuitEvent()
                elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and not self.input_freeze:
                    if event.button == 1:    #Button 1
                        pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                        ev = MouseButtonLeftEvent(pos)
                elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and not self.input_freeze:
                    if event.button == 2:    #Button 2
                        pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                        ev = MouseButtonRightEvent(pos)   
                elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP and not self.input_freeze:
                    if event.button == 2:    #Button 2 Release
                        pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                        ev = MouseButtonRightReleaseEvent(pos)                                              
                elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEMOTION:
                        pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                        ev = MouseMoveEvent(pos)

                #Post event to event manager
                if ev:
                    self.ev_manager.post(ev)        

#        elif isinstance(event, BoardCreationTick):
#            #Share some time with other processes, so we don't hog the cpu
#            pygame.time.wait(5)               
#                           
#            #If this event manager has an associated PGU GUI app, notify it of the event
#            if self.ev_manager.gui_app:
#                self.ev_manager.gui_app.event(event)

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------            
class CPUSpinnerController:

    def __init__(self, ev_manager):
        self.ev_manager = ev_manager
        self.ev_manager.register_listener(self)
        self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()
        self.cumu_time = 0

        self.keep_going = True


    #----------------------------------------------------------------------
    def run(self):
        if not self.keep_going:
            raise Exception('dead spinner')        
        while self.keep_going: 
            time_passed = self.clock.tick()
            fps = self.clock.get_fps()
            self.cumu_time += time_passed
            self.ev_manager.post(TickEvent(time_passed, fps))

            if self.cumu_time >= 1000:
                self.cumu_time = 0
                self.ev_manager.post(SecondEvent(fps=fps))

        pygame.quit()


    #----------------------------------------------------------------------
    def notify(self, event):
        if isinstance(event, QuitEvent):
            #this will stop the while loop from running
            self.keep_going = False       

使用事件管理器的示例类

class Timer(object):

    def __init__(self, ev_manager, time_left):
        self.ev_manager = ev_manager
        self.ev_manager.register_listener(self)
        self.time_left = time_left
        self.paused = False

    def __repr__(self):
        return str(self.time_left)

    def pause(self):
        self.paused = True

    def unpause(self):
        self.paused = False

    def notify(self, event):
        #Pause Event
        if isinstance(event, Pause):   
            self.pause() 
        #Unpause Event
        elif isinstance(event, Unpause):   
            self.unpause()                
        #Second Event
        elif isinstance(event, SecondEvent):   
            if not self.paused: 
                self.time_left -= 1   

Answer 1

当你做这样的事情时：

return rooms.TitleScreen(self.screen, self.ev_manager) 

我假设您正在创建一个新的 TitleScreen 对象。

如果这是您想要做的，那么您可能希望在切换房间时删除旧房间对象。

def notify(self, event):
  if isinstance(event, ChangeRoomRequest):
    if event.game_mode:
      config.game_mode = event.game_mode            
    del self.room  // delete the old room object
    self.room = self.set_room(event.new_room)

如果您希望房间保持不变，您的 set_room 函数将必须检查房间是否已经创建。然后您可以创建一个新房间或智能加载旧房间。但是您还必须以某种方式跟踪这些房间。

编辑：

那好吧。问题不在于房间，而在于听众。您在 init 上注册的每个侦听器都应该在 del 上取消注册。我在您的 src 中搜索了“unregister_listener”，只发现它取消了房间监听器的注册。

因此，当您创建 100 个按钮，然后再创建 100 个而不取消注册任何侦听器时，您将拥有 100 个孤立的侦听器。这不好。我会重载 __ del __ () 函数来删除这些侦听器，就像 __ init __ () 函数添加它们一样。

这有意义吗？

Answer 2

我还尝试跟踪房间，而不是在每次有新房间请求出现时丢弃它们并创建新房间。不幸的是，这段代码对我也不起作用：当我从游戏室返回标题屏幕时，标题屏幕呈现，但没有任何响应......我不确定问题出在哪里......

观察听众的数量，这似乎并没有解决“蠕变”问题，因为它来自： 1) 标题屏幕：4 个听众活跃，以： 2) 游戏模式选择屏幕：5 个听众活动，以： 3) 游戏室：86 名听众活跃，用于： 4) 标题屏幕（无响应）：100 位听众活跃

这是我在 MAIN.PY

中尝试的代码

class RoomController(object):
    """Controls which room is currently active (eg Title Screen)"""

    def __init__(self, screen, ev_manager):
        self.room = None
        self.screen = screen
        self.ev_manager = ev_manager
        self.ev_manager.register_listener(self)

        self.title_screen = None
        self.game_mode_room = None
        self.game_room = None
        self.high_scores_room = None

        self.room = self.set_room(config.room)

    def set_room(self, room_const):
        #Set new room based on const
        if room_const == config.TITLE_SCREEN:
            if self.title_screen == None:
                self.title_screen = rooms.TitleScreen(self.screen, self.ev_manager)
            return self.title_screen
        elif room_const == config.GAME_MODE_ROOM:
            if self.game_mode_room == None:
                self.game_mode_room = rooms.GameModeRoom(self.screen, self.ev_manager) 
            return self.game_mode_room        
        elif room_const == config.GAME_ROOM:
            if self.game_room == None:
                self.game_room = rooms.GameRoom(self.screen, self.ev_manager)
            return self.game_room
        elif room_const == config.HIGH_SCORES_ROOM:
            if self.high_scores_room == None:
                self.high_scores_room = rooms.HighScoresRoom(self.screen, self.ev_manager)
            return self.high_scores_room 

    def notify(self, event):
        if isinstance(event, TickEvent):        
            self.render(self.screen) 
            pygame.display.update()
        elif isinstance(event, SecondEvent):
            pygame.display.set_caption(''.join(['FPS: ', str(int(event.fps))]))          
        elif isinstance(event, ChangeRoomRequest):
            if event.game_mode:
                config.game_mode = event.game_mode        
            self.room = self.set_room(event.new_room)

    def render(self, surface):
        self.room.render(surface)

def main():
    pygame.init()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(config.screen_size)

    ev_manager = EventManager()
    spinner = CPUSpinnerController(ev_manager)
    room_controller = RoomController(screen, ev_manager)    
    pygame_event_controller = PyGameEventController(ev_manager)

    spinner.run()


# this runs the main function if this script is called to run.
#  If it is imported as a module, we don't run the main function.
if __name__ == "__main__": 
#    cProfile.run('main()', 'cprofile')
    main()

Answer 3

好吧，通过向我的事件管理器添加一个 clear() 函数并在每次房间切换之前调用它来暂时“解决”这个问题，清除除我的三个控制器之外的所有侦听器：

def clear(self):    
    for listener in list(self.listeners):
        if not isinstance(listener, CPUSpinnerController):  
            if not isinstance(listener, RoomController):  
                if not isinstance(listener, PyGameEventController):  
                    self.unregister_listener(listener)

虽然这似乎不是最好的方法。如果有人知道为什么this 不起作用，或者为什么即使我使用弱引用字典来保存侦听器，我的事件侦听器也必须手动清除，我很想听听。