超时从渲染器接收消息：10.000 在 Windows 上通过 Jenkins 使用 chromedriver 和 chrome 捕获屏幕截图

Question

操作系统：Windows 10 浏览器：铬 浏览器版本：版本 73.0.3683.86（正式版）（32位）

我正在运行 selenium cucumber BDD 项目，我正在验证一页的标题。我正在使用范围报告版本 4。项目在本地成功运行。但是当我通过 Jenkins 运行它时，它在捕获屏幕截图并显示以下错误时失败。

如果我从 pom.xml 中删除了 surfire 插件，那么测试不会通过 Jenkins 运行。

在 Jenkins 的 Execute Windows Batch 命令选项中，我给出了以下命令

C:\Program Files (x86)\Jenkins\workspace\CucumberBDDFramework
mvn test

TestRunner

    package com.accenture.TestRunner;

    import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
    import org.testng.annotations.Test;
    import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
    import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
    import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
    import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
    import org.testng.annotations.Test;

    import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions;
    import cucumber.api.testng.AbstractTestNGCucumberTests;
    import cucumber.api.testng.CucumberFeatureWrapper;
    import cucumber.api.testng.TestNGCucumberRunner;


    /**
     * @author ajinkya.pande
     *
     */

    @CucumberOptions(
            features="./features/WhatIsBitcoin.feature",
            glue= {"com.accenture.StepDef"},
            tags= {"@ExtentReport"}, 
            dryRun = false
            )

    public class TestRunner {

        // Write following steps or Try to extend AbstractTestNGCucumberTests

        private TestNGCucumberRunner testNGCucumberRunner;

        @BeforeClass(alwaysRun = true)
        public void setUpClass() throws Exception{ 
            testNGCucumberRunner = new TestNGCucumberRunner(this.getClass());
        }

        @Test(dataProvider = "features")
        public void feature(CucumberFeatureWrapper cucumberFeature) {
            testNGCucumberRunner.runCucumber(cucumberFeature.getCucumberFeature());
        }

        @DataProvider
        public Object [][] features(){
            return testNGCucumberRunner.provideFeatures();
        }


        @AfterClass(alwaysRun = true)
        public void tearDownClass() throws Exception{
            testNGCucumberRunner.finish();
        }

    }

步骤定义

    package com.accenture.listeners;

    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.text.DateFormat;
    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
    import java.util.Date;

    import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
    import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
    import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
    import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

    import com.accenture.Utility.Constants;
    import com.aventstack.extentreports.ExtentReports;
    import com.aventstack.extentreports.ExtentTest;
    import com.aventstack.extentreports.markuputils.ExtentColor;
    import com.aventstack.extentreports.markuputils.MarkupHelper;
    import com.aventstack.extentreports.reporter.ExtentHtmlReporter;
    import com.aventstack.extentreports.reporter.configuration.Theme;

    /**
     * @author ajinkya.pande
     *
     */

    public class ExtentReportListener extends Constants {

        public static ExtentHtmlReporter report = null;
        public static ExtentReports extent = null;
        public static ExtentTest test = null;

        public static ExtentReports setUp() {
            String reportLocation = "./Reports/Extent_Report.html";
            report = new ExtentHtmlReporter(reportLocation);
            report.config().setDocumentTitle("Automation Test Report");
            report.config().setReportName("Automation Test Report");
            report.config().setTheme(Theme.STANDARD);
            System.out.println("Extent Report location initialized . . .");
            report.start();

            extent = new ExtentReports();
            extent.attachReporter(report);
            extent.setSystemInfo("Application", "Youtube");
            extent.setSystemInfo("Operating System", System.getProperty("os.name"));
            extent.setSystemInfo("User Name", System.getProperty("user.name"));
            System.out.println("System Info. set in Extent Report");
            return extent;
        }

        public static void testStepHandle(String teststatus, WebDriver driver, ExtentTest extenttest, Throwable throwable) {
            if (teststatus.equals("FAIL")) {

                extenttest.fail(MarkupHelper.createLabel("Test Case is Failed : ", ExtentColor.RED));
                extenttest.error(throwable.fillInStackTrace());

                try {
                    extenttest.addScreenCaptureFromPath(captureScreenShot(driver));
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

                if (driver != null) {
                    driver.quit();
                }

                if (teststatus.equals("PASS")) {
                    extenttest.pass(MarkupHelper.createLabel("Test Case is Passed : ", ExtentColor.GREEN));
                    try {
                        extenttest.addScreenCaptureFromPath(captureScreenShot(driver));
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }

            }
        }

        public static String captureScreenShot(WebDriver driver) throws IOException {
            TakesScreenshot screen = (TakesScreenshot) driver;
            File src = screen.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
            String dest = SCRRENSHOT_PATH + getcurrentdateandtime() + ".png";
            File target = new File(dest);
            FileUtils.copyFile(src, target);
            return dest;
        }

        private static String getcurrentdateandtime() {
            String str = null;
            try {
                DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss:SSS");
                Date date = new Date();
                str = dateFormat.format(date);
                str = str.replace(" ", "").replaceAll("/", "").replaceAll(":", "");
            } catch (Exception e) {
            }
            return str;
        }

    }

pom.xml

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
      <groupId>org.ajinkya.cucumber</groupId>
      <artifactId>extent-reporting</artifactId>
      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>



       <build>
        <plugins>


    <!--       <plugin>
             <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
             <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
             <version>3.7.0</version>
            <configuration>
              <source>1.8</source>
              <target>1.8</target>
              <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
            </configuration>
          </plugin> -->


          <plugin>
             <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
             <version>3.1</version>
            <configuration>
              <fork>1.7</fork>
              <executable>C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_191\bin\javac.exe</executable>
            </configuration>
          </plugin>


       <!--    <plugin>
        <groupId>net.masterthought</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-cucumber-reporting</artifactId>
        <version>3.15.0</version>
        <executions>
            <execution>
                <id>execute</id>
                <phase>verify</phase>
                <goals>
                    <goal>generate</goal>
                </goals>
                <configuration>
                    <outputDirectory>target/cucumber-reports/advanced-reports</outputDirectory>
                    <cucumberOutput>target/cucumber-reports/CucumberTestReport.json</cucumberOutput>
                </configuration>
            </execution>            
        </executions>
          </plugin> -->


           <plugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
              <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
              <version>2.19.1</version>
              <configuration>
                <suiteXmlFiles>testng.xml</suiteXmlFiles>
              </configuration>
            </plugin>


        </plugins>
      </build>












      <dependencies>

      <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
        <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
        <version>3.11.0</version>
    </dependency>



      <dependency>
    <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
    <artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.5</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/info.cukes/cucumber-testng -->
    <dependency>
    <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
    <artifactId>cucumber-testng</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.5</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.testng/testng -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
        <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
        <version>6.9.8</version>
    </dependency>


      <dependency>
    <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
    <artifactId>cucumber-jvm-deps</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.5</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
    <groupId>com.aventstack</groupId>
    <artifactId>extentreports</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.6</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.freemarker</groupId>
    <artifactId>freemarker</artifactId>
    <version>2.3.23</version>
    </dependency>

      <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-io -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.2</version>
    </dependency>


      </dependencies>



    </project>

詹金斯日志：

---

     T E S T S
    -------------------------------------------------------
    Running TestSuite
    Starting...............
    Extent Report location initialized . . .
    System Info. set in Extent Report
    Starting ChromeDriver 73.0.3683.68 (47787ec04b6e38e22703e856e101e840b65afe72) on port 8950
    Only local connections are allowed.
    Please protect ports used by ChromeDriver and related test frameworks to prevent access by malicious code.
    Mar 26, 2019 11:15:27 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession
    INFO: Detected dialect: OSS
    [1553622354.306][SEVERE]: Timed out receiving message from renderer: 10.000
    [1553622354.307][WARNING]: screenshot failed, retrying
    [1553622364.313][SEVERE]: Timed out receiving message from renderer: 9.996
    [1553622374.336][SEVERE]: Timed out receiving message from renderer: 9.998
    [1553622374.337][WARNING]: screenshot failed, retrying
    [1553622384.337][SEVERE]: Timed out receiving message from renderer: 9.998
    [1553622394.343][SEVERE]: Timed out receiving message from renderer: 10.000
    [1553622394.344][WARNING]: screenshot failed, retrying
    [1553622404.345][SEVERE]: Timed out receiving message from renderer: 9.996

    Failed scenarios:
    ./features/WhatIsBitcoin.feature:3 # Scenario: Testing extent reports

    1 Scenarios (1 failed)
    4 Steps (1 failed, 3 skipped)
    1m25.069s

    org.openqa.selenium.TimeoutException: timeout: Timed out receiving message from renderer: 9.996
      (Session info: chrome=73.0.3683.86)
      (Driver info: chromedriver=73.0.3683.68 (47787ec04b6e38e22703e856e101e840b65afe72),platform=Windows NT 10.0.17134 x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)
    Command duration or timeout: 0 milliseconds
    Build info: version: '3.11.0', revision: 'e59cfb3', time: '2018-03-11T20:26:55.152Z'
    System info: host: 'BDC11-L-FYK3VP2', ip: '192.168.56.1', os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '1.8.0_191'
    Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
    Capabilities {acceptInsecureCerts: false, acceptSslCerts: false, applicationCacheEnabled: false, browserConnectionEnabled: false, browserName: chrome, chrome: {chromedriverVersion: 73.0.3683.68 (47787ec04b6e3..., userDataDir: C:\windows\TEMP\scoped_dir1...}, cssSelectorsEnabled: true, databaseEnabled: false, goog:chromeOptions: {debuggerAddress: localhost:51833}, handlesAlerts: true, hasTouchScreen: false, javascriptEnabled: true, locationContextEnabled: true, mobileEmulationEnabled: false, nativeEvents: true, networkConnectionEnabled: false, pageLoadStrategy: normal, platform: XP, platformName: XP, proxy: Proxy(), rotatable: false, setWindowRect: true, strictFileInteractability: false, takesHeapSnapshot: true, takesScreenshot: true, timeouts: {implicit: 0, pageLoad: 300000, script: 30000}, unexpectedAlertBehaviour: ignore, unhandledPromptBehavior: ignore, version: 73.0.3683.86, webStorageEnabled: true}
    Session ID: 1b4d8402a8e29651ed2c7a773c11ca37
        at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
        at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:214)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:166)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.JsonHttpResponseCodec.reconstructValue(JsonHttpResponseCodec.java:40)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.AbstractHttpResponseCodec.decode(AbstractHttpResponseCodec.java:80)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.AbstractHttpResponseCodec.decode(AbstractHttpResponseCodec.java:44)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:158)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:83)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:545)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:602)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.getScreenshotAs(RemoteWebDriver.java:291)
        at com.accenture.listeners.ExtentReportListener.captureScreenShot(ExtentReportListener.java:81)
        at com.accenture.StepDef.WhatIsBitcoin.go_to_chrome(WhatIsBitcoin.java:47)
        at ?.When Go to chrome(./features/WhatIsBitcoin.feature:4)

    Tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 86.657 sec <<< FAILURE! - in TestSuite
    feature(com.accenture.TestRunner.TestRunner)  Time elapsed: 85.109 sec  <<< FAILURE!
    cucumber.runtime.CucumberException: 
    org.openqa.selenium.TimeoutException: timeout: Timed out receiving message from renderer: 9.996
      (Session info: chrome=73.0.3683.86)
      (Driver info: chromedriver=73.0.3683.68 (47787ec04b6e38e22703e856e101e840b65afe72),platform=Windows NT 10.0.17134 x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)
    Command duration or timeout: 0 milliseconds
    Build info: version: '3.11.0', revision: 'e59cfb3', time: '2018-03-11T20:26:55.152Z'
    System info: host: 'BDC11-L-FYK3VP2', ip: '192.168.56.1', os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '1.8.0_191'
    Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
    Capabilities {acceptInsecureCerts: false, acceptSslCerts: false, applicationCacheEnabled: false, browserConnectionEnabled: false, browserName: chrome, chrome: {chromedriverVersion: 73.0.3683.68 (47787ec04b6e3..., userDataDir: C:\windows\TEMP\scoped_dir1...}, cssSelectorsEnabled: true, databaseEnabled: false, goog:chromeOptions: {debuggerAddress: localhost:51833}, handlesAlerts: true, hasTouchScreen: false, javascriptEnabled: true, locationContextEnabled: true, mobileEmulationEnabled: false, nativeEvents: true, networkConnectionEnabled: false, pageLoadStrategy: normal, platform: XP, platformName: XP, proxy: Proxy(), rotatable: false, setWindowRect: true, strictFileInteractability: false, takesHeapSnapshot: true, takesScreenshot: true, timeouts: {implicit: 0, pageLoad: 300000, script: 30000}, unexpectedAlertBehaviour: ignore, unhandledPromptBehavior: ignore, version: 73.0.3683.86, webStorageEnabled: true}
    Session ID: 1b4d8402a8e29651ed2c7a773c11ca37
        at com.accenture.TestRunner.TestRunner.feature(TestRunner.java:42)
    Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.TimeoutException: 
    timeout: Timed out receiving message from renderer: 9.996
      (Session info: chrome=73.0.3683.86)
      (Driver info: chromedriver=73.0.3683.68 (47787ec04b6e38e22703e856e101e840b65afe72),platform=Windows NT 10.0.17134 x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)
    Command duration or timeout: 0 milliseconds
    Build info: version: '3.11.0', revision: 'e59cfb3', time: '2018-03-11T20:26:55.152Z'
    System info: host: 'BDC11-L-FYK3VP2', ip: '192.168.56.1', os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '1.8.0_191'
    Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
    Capabilities {acceptInsecureCerts: false, acceptSslCerts: false, applicationCacheEnabled: false, browserConnectionEnabled: false, browserName: chrome, chrome: {chromedriverVersion: 73.0.3683.68 (47787ec04b6e3..., userDataDir: C:\windows\TEMP\scoped_dir1...}, cssSelectorsEnabled: true, databaseEnabled: false, goog:chromeOptions: {debuggerAddress: localhost:51833}, handlesAlerts: true, hasTouchScreen: false, javascriptEnabled: true, locationContextEnabled: true, mobileEmulationEnabled: false, nativeEvents: true, networkConnectionEnabled: false, pageLoadStrategy: normal, platform: XP, platformName: XP, proxy: Proxy(), rotatable: false, setWindowRect: true, strictFileInteractability: false, takesHeapSnapshot: true, takesScreenshot: true, timeouts: {implicit: 0, pageLoad: 300000, script: 30000}, unexpectedAlertBehaviour: ignore, unhandledPromptBehavior: ignore, version: 73.0.3683.86, webStorageEnabled: true}
    Session ID: 1b4d8402a8e29651ed2c7a773c11ca37


    Results :

    Failed tests: 
      TestRunner.feature:42 » Cucumber org.openqa.selenium.TimeoutException: timeout...

    Tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] BUILD FAILURE
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Total time:  01:33 min
    [INFO] Finished at: 2019-03-26T23:16:45+05:30
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.19.1:test (default-test) on project extent-reporting: There are test failures.
    [ERROR] 
    [ERROR] Please refer to C:\Program Files (x86)\Jenkins\workspace\CucumberBDDFramework\target\surefire-reports for the individual test results.
    [ERROR] -> [Help 1]
    [ERROR] 
    [ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
    [ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
    [ERROR] 
    [ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
    [ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoFailureException
    Build step 'Execute Windows batch command' marked build as failure
    Finished: FAILURE

Answer 1

您似乎在 Windows 操作系统

上使用 chromedriver=73.0.3683.68 和 chrome=73.0.3683.86

John Chen（所有者 - chromedriver）最近证实：

我们已确认当 Chrome 73.0.3686.75 由 Windows 上的服务（例如 Jenkins 或任务调度程序）启动时出现截图问题。请参阅https://crbug.com/942023 了解更多详情。对于由此造成的任何不便，我们深表歉意。

但是，我们尚未能够在 Linux 上观察到类似的问题，因此我们感谢您提供的任何帮助，以使我们能够在 Linux 上重现该问题。我们无法访问 TeamCity，但我们使用 Selenium 生成的 Docker 镜像（selenium/standalone-chrome:3.141.59-lithium）测试了截图，没有发现任何问题。

---

更新

我们能够挖掘出主要问题。主要问题不在于 ChromeDriver v73.x 本身，而在于 Chrome v73.x，John 正式确认为：

根本原因确实在 Chrome 73.x 中，而不是在 ChromeDriver 中。我们正在与 Chrome 开发人员合作寻找解决方案。

---

解决方案

解决办法是：

• 将 Chrome 浏览器 降级到 Chrome v72.x
• 使用匹配的ChromeDriver：
  • ChromeDriver 2.46
  • ChromeDriver 72.0.3626.69

注意：如果您使用的是 Chrome 版本 72，请下载 ChromeDriver 2.46 或 ChromeDriver 72.0.3626.69

---

结尾

• 讨论：Page.captureScreenshot no longer works in Chrome 73 under Selenium as a Service on Windows
• 提交导致问题：Set VizDisplayCompositor feature enabled on desktop platforms
• 合并： latency: Remove snapshots from LatencyInfo
• Download Google Chrome 72 Offline Installer For All Operating Systems

---

更新（2019 年 4 月 3 日）

通过ChromeOptions() 的实例添加参数--disable-features=VizDisplayCompositor 似乎可以解决问题：

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArguments("--disable-features=VizDisplayCompositor");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
driver.get("https://google.com");

Answer 2

当我从 Team City 构建无头运行时，我在运行相同版本的 Chrome/Chromedriver 时遇到了同样的问题。 这是在 2019 年 3 月 25 日在构建服务器上安装最新更新之后开始的。

首先截取屏幕截图的原因是，测试也开始失败，因为我怀疑与无头模式下的虚拟渲染相关的缺陷再次仅限于 Chrome 实例运行时通过服务（TeamCity）运行。

当我从构建服务器 VM 上的命令提示符运行构建脚本时，测试都运行良好。

我通过降级 chrome 版本解决了这个问题。说起来容易做起来难：

1. 我找不到获取旧版 chrome 的官方方法，但我发现这个链接托管了一些。使用风险自负： https://www.slimjet.com/chrome/google-chrome-old-version.php

2. 我下载的版本下载version 71.0.3578.80

3. 从构建服务器卸载 Chrome，运行此安装程序。

4. 在安装过程中创建更新目录后： C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Update 重命名文件GoogleUpdate.exe 以防止它自行更新

5. 在任务计划程序中禁用 Google Chrome 更新任务

更新：这里的答案表明问题可以通过传递给 chromedriver 的一些额外参数来解决，我没有测试过这个解决方案：

https://sqa.stackexchange.com/a/38456/37816

Answer 3

我遇到了同样的问题，我成功删除了

 chromeOptions.addArguments("--window-size=1920,1080");

或使用

 chromeOptions.addArguments("--window-size=1920,1080");
 chromeOptions.addArguments("--force-device-scale-factor=1");

Answer 4

chromedriver 81 也遇到了同样的问题，但我已经更新到 83，所以现在可以正常工作了。

请尝试一下......