NullPointerException @FindBy 在 PageObjectModel 中使用 ChromeDriver 和 Chrome 通过 Selenium答案

【问题标题】：NullPointerException @FindBy in PageObjectModel using ChromeDriver and Chrome through SeleniumNullPointerException @FindBy 在 PageObjectModel 中使用 ChromeDriver 和 Chrome 通过 Selenium
【发布时间】：2020-09-10 17:46:41
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试在 Selenium 中实现 PageObjectModel。但我在@FindBy 得到 NullPointer 异常。我希望有人能帮助我找出我的错误。我创建了设置 config.properties 文件（它包含 url、驱动程序参数）以及设置驱动程序的基类。 HomePage 具有对象存储库以及操作，并且 PageFactory 已初始化。 HomePageTest 有所有的测试。当我运行代码时，网站已成功启动。第一个测试成功执行。但在第二次测试中，它在 FindBy 上失败了。

这是我的代码供参考。

以下是我的基类：

package com.seleniumEasy.qa.base;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;

import com.seleniumEasy.qa.commonUtility.*;

public class Base {

    public static WebDriver driver;
    public static Properties prop;
    
    @BeforeClass
    public void setBaseline()
    {
        try {
            setProperties("\\Devp\\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\\src\\main\\java\\com\\seleniumEasy\\qa\\config\\config.properties");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        

        //setProperties("\\Devp\\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\\src\\main\\java\\com\\seleniumEasy\\qa\\config\\config.properties");
        setDriver();
    }
    /*@AfterClass
    public void tearDown()
    {
        driver.quit();
    }*/
    
    public static void setProperties(String sFilePath) throws IOException
    {
        prop = new Properties();
        FileInputStream fip = new FileInputStream(sFilePath);
        prop.load(fip);
    }
    
    public static void setDriver()
    {
        switch(prop.getProperty("browser").toLowerCase())
        {
            case "chrome":
                System.setProperty(prop.getProperty("chromekey"),prop.getProperty("chromedriverpath"));
                driver = new ChromeDriver();
                break;
            case "firefox":
                System.setProperty(prop.getProperty("firefoxkey"), prop.getProperty("firefoxdriverpath"));
                driver = new FirefoxDriver();
                break;
            case "ie":
                System.setProperty(prop.getProperty("iekey"),prop.getProperty("iedriverpath"));
                driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
                break;
            case "edge":
                System.setProperty(prop.getProperty("edgekey"), prop.getProperty("edgedriverpath"));
                driver = new EdgeDriver();
                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("Driver does not exists: "+ prop.getProperty("browser"));
        }
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(commonUtil.Implicit_Wait, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        //driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(commonUtil.PageLoad_Wait,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        driver.get(prop.getProperty("url"));
        //driver.manage().window().maximize();
        if(driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("No, thanks!")).isDisplayed())
            driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("No, thanks!")).click();
    
    }
}

以下是我的页面文件

package com.seleniumEasy.qa.pages;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

import com.seleniumEasy.qa.base.Base;

public class HomePage extends Base {
    
    @FindBy(xpath="//*[@id=\"navbar-brand-centered\"]/ul[1]/li[1]/a")
    WebElement InputForm;
    
    @FindBy(css="#navbar-brand-centered > ul:nth-child(1) > li.dropdown.open")
    List<WebElement> InputFormLst;
    
    @FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:first-of-type")
    WebElement simpleFormDemo;
    
    @FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(2)")
    WebElement checkBoxDemo;
    
    @FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(3)")
    WebElement radioBtnDemo;
    
    @FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(4)")
    WebElement dropDownLstDemo;
    
    @FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(5)")
    WebElement inputFrmSubmit;
    
    @FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(6)")
    WebElement ajaxForm;
    
    @FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(6)")
    WebElement jQuerySelect;
    
    List<WebElement> inputFormList = new ArrayList();
    
            
    public HomePage()
    {
        PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);     
    }
    
    public String validateTitle()
    {
        return driver.getTitle();
    }
    public SimpleForm validateSimpleFormDemo()
    {
        InputForm.click();
        //driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("div.navbar-collapse.collapse.in>ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>a")).click();
        //driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"navbar-brand-centered\"]/ul[1]/li[1]/a")).click();
        simpleFormDemo.click();
        return new SimpleForm();
    }
    
}

下面是我的测试页

package com.seleniumEasy.qa.Test;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import org.testng.asserts.SoftAssert;

import com.seleniumEasy.qa.base.Base;
import com.seleniumEasy.qa.pages.HomePage;
import com.seleniumEasy.qa.pages.SimpleForm;

public class HomePageTest extends Base {

    HomePage homePage;
    SoftAssert softAssert;
    public HomePageTest()
    {
        homePage = new HomePage();
        softAssert = new SoftAssert();
    }
    
    
    @Test(priority=1)
    public void validateLoginPage()
    {
        String sTitle = homePage.validateTitle();
        softAssert.assertEquals(sTitle, "Selenium Easy Demo");
    }
    @Test(priority=1)
    public void validateSimpleForm()
    {
        SimpleForm simpleForm = homePage.validateSimpleFormDemo();
        
    }
    
}

这里是堆栈跟踪

 Starting ChromeDriver 2.41.578737 (49da6702b16031c40d63e5618de03a32ff6c197e) on port 32000
Only local connections are allowed.
[1599758981.703][WARNING]: Timed out connecting to Chrome, retrying...
Sep 10, 2020 10:59:43 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession
INFO: Detected dialect: OSS
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\Default suite\Default test.xml
[Utils]   Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\Default suite exists: true
FAILED: validateSimpleForm
java.lang.NullPointerException
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.DefaultElementLocator.findElement(DefaultElementLocator.java:69)
    at org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.internal.LocatingElementHandler.invoke(LocatingElementHandler.java:38)
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy8.click(Unknown Source)
    at com.seleniumEasy.qa.pages.HomePage.validateSimpleFormDemo(HomePage.java:66)
    at com.seleniumEasy.qa.Test.HomePageTest.validateSimpleForm(HomePageTest.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at org.testng.internal.MethodInvocationHelper.invokeMethod(MethodInvocationHelper.java:100)
    at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeMethod(Invoker.java:646)
    at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethod(Invoker.java:811)
    at org.testng.internal.Invoker.invokeTestMethods(Invoker.java:1129)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.invokeTestMethods(TestMethodWorker.java:129)
    at org.testng.internal.TestMethodWorker.run(TestMethodWorker.java:112)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.privateRun(TestRunner.java:746)
    at org.testng.TestRunner.run(TestRunner.java:600)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runTest(SuiteRunner.java:366)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.runSequentially(SuiteRunner.java:361)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.privateRun(SuiteRunner.java:319)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunner.run(SuiteRunner.java:268)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.runSuite(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:52)
    at org.testng.SuiteRunnerWorker.run(SuiteRunnerWorker.java:86)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesSequentially(TestNG.java:1264)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1189)
    at org.testng.TestNG.runSuites(TestNG.java:1104)
    at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1076)
    at org.testng.remote.AbstractRemoteTestNG.run(AbstractRemoteTestNG.java:126)
    at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.initAndRun(RemoteTestNG.java:152)
    at org.testng.remote.RemoteTestNG.main(RemoteTestNG.java:57)


===============================================
    Default test
    Tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Skips: 0
===============================================


===============================================
Default suite
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Skips: 0
===============================================

[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.EmailableReporter2@42d3bd8b: 8 ms
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\testng-failed.xml
[Utils]   Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\Default suite\testng-failed.xml
[Utils]   Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\Default suite exists: true
[TestNG] Time taken by [FailedReporter passed=0 failed=0 skipped=0]: 9 ms
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite\toc.html
[Utils]   Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite\Default test.properties
[Utils]   Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite\index.html
[Utils]   Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite\main.html
[Utils]   Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite\groups.html
[Utils]   Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite\classes.html
[Utils]   Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite\reporter-output.html
[Utils]   Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite\methods-not-run.html
[Utils]   Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite\testng.xml.html
[Utils]   Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\Default suite exists: true
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old\index.html
[Utils]   Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\old exists: true
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.SuiteHTMLReporter@6cd8737: 41 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.jq.Main@6aaa5eb0: 46 ms
[Utils] Attempting to create C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\junitreports\TEST-com.seleniumEasy.qa.Test.HomePageTest.xml
[Utils]   Directory C:\Arundhati\Devp\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\test-output\junitreports exists: true
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.JUnitReportReporter@3b81a1bc: 6 ms
[TestNG] Time taken by org.testng.reporters.XMLReporter@6b2fad11: 12 ms

这是日食视图

【问题讨论】：

标签： java selenium google-chrome selenium-chromedriver findby

【解决方案1】：

此错误消息...

Starting ChromeDriver 2.41.578737 (49da6702b16031c40d63e5618de03a32ff6c197e) on port 32000
Only local connections are allowed.
[1599758981.703][WARNING]: Timed out connecting to Chrome, retrying...
Sep 10, 2020 10:59:43 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession
INFO: Detected dialect: OSS

...暗示 ChromeDriver 无法启动/生成新的浏览上下文，即 Chrome 浏览器 会话。

您的主要问题是您使用的二进制文件版本之间的不兼容性，如下所示：

您正在使用 chromedriver=2.41
chromedriver=2.41 的发行说明明确提及以下内容：

支持 Chrome v67-69

可能您使用的是最新的 chrome=85.0
ChromeDriver v85.0 的发行说明明确提及以下内容：

支持Chrome 85版

所以 ChromeDriver v2.41 和 Chrome 浏览器 v85.0

之间存在明显的不匹配

解决方案

确保：

JDK 升级到当前级别JDK 8u252。
Selenium 升级到当前发布的Version 3.141.59。
ChromeDriver 已更新到当前的ChromeDriver v84.0 级别。
Chrome 已更新到当前的 Chrome 版本 85.0 级别。（根据ChromeDriver v85.0 release notes）
如果您的基本 Web 客户端 版本太旧，请卸载它并安装最新的 GA 和发布版本的 Web 客户端。
清理你的项目工作区通过你的IDE和重建你的项目只需要依赖。
进行系统重启。
以非root用户身份执行@Test。
始终在 tearDown(){} 方法中调用 driver.quit() 以优雅地关闭和销毁 WebDriver 和 Web Client 实例。

【讨论】：

感谢您的详细回复。我采纳了你的所有建议。但同样的问题仍然存在。我仍然得到 NullPointerException
如果我使用 driver.findElement() 那么代码工作得很好。很明显，问题出在我正在使用的 PageFactory 和 @FindBy 上。以下代码有效
public SimpleForm validateSimpleFormDemo() { driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"navbar-brand-centered\"]/ul[1]/li[1] /a")).click(); //InputForm.click(); simpleFormDemo.click();返回新的 SimpleForm(); }
谁能帮忙解决这个问题？我还是卡住了。
谁能帮我解决这个问题？我仍然坚持这一点。

【解决方案2】：

我终于找到了解决我自己问题的方法。当初始化 PageFactory 时驱动程序对象为 null 时，将引发 NullPointerException。问题是在初始化驱动程序对象之前，我正在调用 PageFactory Initialization 方法。这就是为什么在构造函数中的 HomePage.java 页面上，驱动程序为空。这是更新的代码。这是我的基础课。我正在通过基类构造函数初始化 cofig.properties 文件。

    /**
 * 
 */
package com.seleniumEasy.qa.base;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;

import com.seleniumEasy.qa.commonUtility.*;

public class Base {

    public static WebDriver driver;
    public static Properties prop;
    
    
    public WebDriver getDriver()
    {
        return driver;
    }
    public Base()
    {
        try 
        {
            setProperties("\\Arundhati\\Devp\\SeleniumEasy_Maven_POM_DataDrivenProject\\src\\main\\java\\com\\seleniumEasy\\qa\\config\\config.properties");
        } catch (IOException e) 
        {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
    }
    
    /*@AfterClass
    public void tearDown()
    {
        driver.quit();
    }*/
    
    public static void setProperties(String sFilePath) throws IOException
    {
        prop = new Properties();
        FileInputStream fip = new FileInputStream(sFilePath);
        prop.load(fip);
    }
    
    public static void setDriver()
    {
        
        if(prop.getProperty("browser").toLowerCase().equals("chrome"))
        {
            System.setProperty(prop.getProperty("chromekey"),prop.getProperty("chromedriverpath"));
            driver = new ChromeDriver();
        }
        else if(prop.getProperty("browser").toLowerCase().equals("firefox"))
        {
                System.setProperty(prop.getProperty("firefoxkey"), prop.getProperty("firefoxdriverpath"));
                driver = new FirefoxDriver();
        }
        else if(prop.getProperty("browser").toLowerCase().equals("ie"))
        {
            System.setProperty(prop.getProperty("iekey"),prop.getProperty("iedriverpath"));
            driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
        }
        else if(prop.getProperty("browser").toLowerCase().equals("edge"))
        {
            System.setProperty(prop.getProperty("edgekey"), prop.getProperty("edgedriverpath"));
            driver = new EdgeDriver();
        }
        else
        {
            System.out.println("Driver does not exists: "+ prop.getProperty("browser"));
        }
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(commonUtil.Implicit_Wait, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        //driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(commonUtil.PageLoad_Wait,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        driver.get(prop.getProperty("url"));
        //driver.manage().window().maximize();
        if(driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("No, thanks!")).isDisplayed())
            driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("No, thanks!")).click();

            
    }
    
    public String getProperty(String key)
    {
        return prop.getProperty(key);
    }
}

Following is code for my HomePage.java. No change in this file.

    /**
     * 
     */
    package com.seleniumEasy.qa.pages;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import org.openqa.selenium.By;
    import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
    import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
    import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
    
    import com.seleniumEasy.qa.base.Base;
    
    public class HomePage extends Base {
        
        @FindBy(xpath="//*[@id=\"navbar-brand-centered\"]/ul[1]/li[1]/a")
        WebElement InputForm;
        
        @FindBy(css="#navbar-brand-centered > ul:nth-child(1) > li.dropdown.open")
        List<WebElement> InputFormLst;
        
        @FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:first-of-type")
        WebElement simpleFormDemo;
        
        @FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(2)")
        WebElement checkBoxDemo;
        
        @FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(3)")
        WebElement radioBtnDemo;
        
        @FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(4)")
        WebElement dropDownLstDemo;
        
        @FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(5)")
        WebElement inputFrmSubmit;
        
        @FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(6)")
        WebElement ajaxForm;
        
        @FindBy(css="ul.nav.navbar-nav>li.dropdown.open>ul.dropdown-menu>li:nth-child(6)")
        WebElement jQuerySelect;
        
        //List<WebElement> inputFormList = new ArrayList();
        
        
        public HomePage()
        {       
            PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);     
        }
        
        public String validateTitle()
        {
            return driver.getTitle();
        }
        public SimpleForm validateSimpleFormDemo()
        {
            
            InputForm.click();
            simpleFormDemo.click();
            return new SimpleForm();
        }
        
    }

Here is my HomePageTest file. I am calling the driver setup method following by creating the HomePage object in the BeforeClass annotation. No constructor in this class.

//package com.seleniumEasy.qa.testdata;
package com.seleniumEasy.qa.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeSuite;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import org.testng.asserts.SoftAssert;

import com.seleniumEasy.qa.base.Base;
import com.seleniumEasy.qa.pages.HomePage;
import com.seleniumEasy.qa.pages.SimpleForm;

public class HomePageTest extends Base {

    
    HomePage homePage;
    SoftAssert softAssert;
    
    @BeforeClass
    public void setUp()
    {
        setDriver();
        homePage = new HomePage();
        //PageFactory.initElements(driver, HomePage.class); 
        softAssert = new SoftAssert();
        
    }
    /*@AfterClass
    public void tearDown()
    {
        driver.quit();
    }*/
    @Test(priority='b')
    public void validateLoginPage()
    {
        String sTitle = homePage.validateTitle();
        softAssert.assertEquals(sTitle, "Selenium Easy Demo");
    }
    
    @Test(priority='a')
    public void validateSimpleForm()
    {
        SimpleForm simpleForm = homePage.validateSimpleFormDemo();
    }
    
}

【讨论】：