【问题标题】：Importing external Python-Scripts from Disk into Maya将外部 Python 脚本从磁盘导入 Maya
【发布时间】：2020-07-19 12:54:48
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试设置一个接口来调用某个文件夹中当前版本的 scipts。

我正在附加我的个人脚本文件夹并尝试按照它的指示导入它。每当我按下按钮时，都会出现以下错误消息：

错误：NameError：文件第 1 行：未定义名称“setVars”

我尝试了许多可能的导入技术。但是错误不断弹出。

我将附上接口脚本和要调用的 scipt 之一。

界面：

import maya.cmds as mc
import sys
import os
import importlib

FolderContent = []
SysPath = 'C:/Users/[Username]/Documents/maya/2019/scripts/Personal'
sys.path.append(SysPath)
print sys.path


for file in os.listdir(SysPath):
    if file.endswith(".py"):
        FolderContent.append(file)
        

def UI(FolderContent):    
    x = 0
    
    if mc.window("Run_Script", ex = True):
        mc.deleteUI("Run_Script")
        
    popUp = mc.window("Run_Script")
        
    mc.gridLayout(nc = 1, ch = 30, cw = 300)
    
    for i in FolderContent:
        ScriptName = FolderContent[x]
        mc.button(label = FolderContent[x], command = 'callFunc(\'%s\')' % (ScriptName), bgc = (0.25, 0.25, 0.25))
        x += 1
    
    mc.button(label = 'Cancel', command = 'close()', bgc = (0.92, 0.4, 0.4)) 
    
    mc.window(popUp, e = True, s = False, h = 50, w = 100)
    mc.showWindow()
UI(FolderContent)

def callFunc(ScriptName):
    ScriptName = ScriptName[0:-3]

    mymodule = importlib.import_module(ScriptName)
   
    
def close():
    mc.deleteUI("Run_Script")

要调用的示例脚本：

import maya.cmds as mc

mc.select(hi = True)
BaseChain = mc.ls(sl = True)
ChainLength = len(BaseChain) - 1

###################################################################################

if mc.window("SetVariables", ex = True):
    mc.deleteUI("SetVariables")
            
popUp = mc.window("SetVariables")
            
mc.gridLayout(nc = 2, ch = 30, cw = 200)

mc.text(label = "Side")
mc.textField("side")
mc.text(label = "Limb")
mc.textField("limb")
mc.text(label = "FK-Amount")
mc.textField("amount", fi = ChainLength)
      

cmd = 'setVars()'
close = 'closeWindow()'     
mc.button(label = "OK", command = cmd, bgc = (0.2, 0.92, 0.75))
mc.button(label = "Cancel", command = close, bgc = (0.92, 0.4, 0.4)) 

mc.window(popUp, e = True, s = False, h = 50, w = 100)
mc.showWindow()

###################################################################################

def createChains(side, limb, amount):
    mc.select(hi = True)
    BndChain = mc.ls(sl = True)
        
    x = 0
    for i in BndChain:
        mc.rename(BndChain[x], side + '_' + limb + '_BND_Chain_0' + str(x + 1))
        x += 1

    BndChain = mc.ls(sl = True)
    ChainLength = len(BndChain)

    mc.duplicate( n = side + '_' + limb + '_FK_Chain_01')
    FkChain = mc.ls(sl = True)

    mc.duplicate( n = side + '_' + limb + '_IK_Chain_01')
    IkChain = mc.ls(sl = True)

    parentChains(ChainLength, FkChain, IkChain, BndChain, side, limb, amount)

###################################################################################

def parentChains(ChainLength, FkChain, IkChain, BndChain, side, limb, amount):
    x = 0

    while x < ChainLength:
        mc.select(FkChain[x])
        mc.select(IkChain[x], add = True)
        mc.select(BndChain[x], add = True)
        
        mc.parentConstraint(mo = False)
        
        x += 1
    FKChainCtrl(ChainLength, FkChain, IkChain, BndChain, side, limb, amount)   

###################################################################################

def FKChainCtrl(ChainLength, FkChain, IkChain, BndChain, side, limb, amount):

    listLength = len(FkChain)
    invertedNumber = listLength - int(amount)
    doFK = listLength - invertedNumber

    x = 0
    Fk_ctrls = []

    while x < doFK:
        queryObj = FkChain[x]
        
        currCtrl = mc.circle(n = side + '_' + limb + '_' + 'FK' + '_' + 'CTRL' + '_01', nr = [1, 0, 0], sw = 180)[0]
        mc.curveRGBColor('translate.X', 1, 0, 1)
        Fk_ctrls.append(currCtrl)
        
        mc.parentConstraint(queryObj, currCtrl, mo = False)
    
        mc.select(cl = True)
        mc.select(queryObj)
        mc.select(currCtrl, add = True)
        mc.RemoveConstraintTarget()

        mc.select(cl = True)
        mc.select(currCtrl)
        sel = mc.ls(sl = True)[0]
        mc.FreezeTransformations(sel)

        mc.parentConstraint(currCtrl, queryObj, mo = True)

        if(x > 0):
            mc.parent(Fk_ctrls[-1], Fk_ctrls[-2])
        
        x += 1 
    
    mc.hide(FkChain)
    IKChainCtrl(IkChain, BndChain, side, limb)
    
################################################################################### 

def IKChainCtrl(IkChain, BndChain, side, limb):
   
    currHandle = mc.ikHandle(n = side + '_' + limb + '_IkHandle', sj = IkChain[0], ee = IkChain[-1])[0]
    mc.hide()
    currHandlePos = mc.xform(currHandle, q = True, t = True, ws = True)
    currCtrl = mc.circle(n = currHandle + '_CTRL', nr = [1, 0, 0], r = 1.5)
    
    # currCtrl = mc.curve(n = currHandle + '_CTRL', d = 1, p = [(-0.75, 0, 0), (-0.75, 0, 2.5), (-2.5, 0, 2.5), (0, 0, 6.25), (2.5, 0, 2.5), (0.75, 0, 2.5), (0.75, 0, 0), (0.75, 0, -2.5), (2.5, 0, -2.5), (0, 0, -6.25), (-2.5, 0, -2.5), (-0.75, 0, -2.5), (-0.75, 0, 0)])

    # mc.setAttr(currCtrl + '.overrideEnabled', 1)
    # mc.setAttr(currCtrl + '.overrideColor', 21)


    mc.select(IkChain[-2])
    mc.select(currCtrl, add = True)
    mc.parentConstraint(mo = False)
    
    mc.select(IkChain[-2])
    mc.select(currCtrl, add = True)
    
    sel = mc.ls(sl = True)
    mc.select(sel[0:-1], r = True)
    
    mc.RemoveConstraintTarget()
    
    mc.xform(currCtrl, t = [currHandlePos[0], currHandlePos[1], currHandlePos[2]])
    mc.select(currCtrl, r = True)
    mc.FreezeTransformations()
    # mc.select('makeNurbCircle3', d = True)
    mc.duplicate()
    
    mc.parentConstraint(currCtrl, currHandle, mo = True)
    mc.rename(side + '_' + limb + '_IkHandle_CTRL1', side + '_' + limb + '_Switch')
    mc.xform(s = [1.5, 1.5, 1.5])
    SwitchCtrl = mc.ls(sl = True)
    mc.pointConstraint(BndChain[-1], SwitchCtrl)
    
    currCtrl = mc.ls(sl = True)[0]
    mc.hide(IkChain)
    
    AddSwitchAttributes(currCtrl, side, limb)
    
###################################################################################   
    
def AddSwitchAttributes(currCtrl, side, limb):

    mc.addAttr(currCtrl, sn = 'FK', nn = 'FK', min = 0, max = 1, dv = 0, k = True, h = True)
    mc.addAttr(currCtrl, sn = 'IK', nn = 'IK', min = 0, max = 1, dv = 1, k = True, h = True)
    mc.addAttr(currCtrl, sn = 'Switch', nn = 'FK|IK Switch', min = 0, max = 1, dv = 1, k = True)

    mc.connectAttr(side + '_' + limb + '_Switch.FK', side + '_' + limb + '_FK_CTRL_01.visibility')
    mc.connectAttr(side + '_' + limb + '_Switch.IK', side + '_' + limb + '_IkHandle_CTRL.visibility')
    
    i = 1

    while i < ChainLength + 2:
    
        mc.setDrivenKeyframe(side + '_' + limb + '_BND_Chain_0' + str(i) + '_parentConstraint1.' +  side + '_' + limb + '_IK_Chain_0' + str(i) + 'W1', cd = side + '_' + limb + '_Switch.Switch', v = 1.0)
        mc.setDrivenKeyframe(side + '_' + limb + '_BND_Chain_0' + str(i) + '_parentConstraint1.' +  side + '_' + limb + '_FK_Chain_0' + str(i) + 'W0', cd = side + '_' + limb + '_Switch.Switch', v = 0.0)
        i += 1
    
    mc.setDrivenKeyframe(side + '_' + limb + '_Switch.IK', cd = side + '_' + limb + '_Switch.Switch', v = 1.0)
    mc.setDrivenKeyframe(side + '_' + limb + '_Switch.FK', cd = side + '_' + limb + '_Switch.Switch', v = 0.0)
    
    mc.setAttr(side + '_' + limb + '_Switch.Switch', 0)
    
    y = 1

    while y < ChainLength + 2:
    
        mc.setDrivenKeyframe(side + '_' + limb + '_BND_Chain_0' + str(y) + '_parentConstraint1.' + side + '_' + limb + '_IK_Chain_0' + str(y) + 'W1', cd = side + '_' + limb + '_Switch.Switch', v = 0.0)
        mc.setDrivenKeyframe(side + '_' + limb + '_BND_Chain_0' + str(y) + '_parentConstraint1.' + side + '_' + limb + '_FK_Chain_0' + str(y) + 'W0', cd = side + '_' + limb + '_Switch.Switch', v = 1.0)
        y += 1
    
    mc.setDrivenKeyframe(side + '_' + limb + '_Switch.IK', cd = side + '_' + limb + '_Switch.Switch', v = 0.0)
    mc.setDrivenKeyframe(side + '_' + limb + '_Switch.FK', cd = side + '_' + limb + '_Switch.Switch', v = 1.0)
    
    mc.setAttr(side + '_' + limb + '_Switch.Switch', 1) 
    
    mc.select(cl = True)
    
###################################################################################        

def setVars():
    side = mc.textField("side", q = True, tx = True)
    limb = mc.textField("limb", q = True, tx = True)
    amount = mc.textField("amount", q = True, tx = True)
    createChains(side, limb, amount)
    closeWindow()
  
###################################################################################

def closeWindow():
    mc.deleteUI("SetVariables")

感谢您的帮助！

【问题讨论】：

标签： python windows python-import importerror maya

【解决方案1】：

好的，我现在尝试了，但有一些问题。我想您是直接从 Maya 中执行主脚本的吗？因为如果我将它放入一个模块并加载它，我会得到一个类似的错误，即找不到“close()”以及找不到“callFunc()”。两者都有相同的原因，不使用字符串可以很容易地解决。

在您的主脚本中，您可以将按钮命令中的“close()”替换为与上述相同的过程：

mc.button(label = 'Cancel', command = close, bgc = (0.92, 0.4, 0.4))

由于按钮命令会自动添加一个参数，因此您将为 close() 命令添加一个默认参数，例如 close(dummyArg)。

callFunc() 有点复杂，因为您使用了一个参数。这可以通过部分解决，例如：

from functools import partial
for value in FolderContent:
    mc.button(label = value, command = partial(callFunc, value), bgc = (0.25, 0.25, 0.25))

按钮调用将为调用添加另一个布尔值，以便 callFunc 将接收另一个参数，该参数可以通过在 callFunc 定义中添加另一个参数来捕获，例如 callFunc(scriptName, value)。这样你的函数对象就不是字符串了。但是现在你有另一个问题，因为如果你第一次加载模块，你会得到一个错误

NameError: 未定义全局名称“close”#

那是因为我们使用的时候还没有定义函数，所以你必须把函数定义放在UI定义函数之前。现在，如果您的脚本被导入，您将遇到与字符串定义的函数类似的问题，但可以通过与主模块中相同的方式解决它们。

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

没有尝试...我想原因是您使用字符串“setVars()”作为命令名称。如果您从主模块调用它，则没有 setVars()，而是一个名为 WhatEverYourModuelNameIs.setVars() 的函数。

您可以尝试像这样导入所有内容：

from WhatEverYourModuelNameIs import *

什么不是很好的解决方案，或者你可以尝试直接使用函数对象作为按钮的参数：

mc.button(label = "OK", command = setVars, bgc = (0.2, 0.92, 0.75))

【讨论】：

感谢您的回复！所以我已经尝试了你的第一个建议。它确实有效，每当我将它作为单行命令运行时。但它在定义中不起作用，按下 OK 按钮时调用。这确实会产生常见的错误。可悲的是，更改字符串没有任何效果。

【解决方案3】：

抱歉耽搁了伙计们，但我很高兴地报告现在正在工作！原来问题确实是，我在执行 UI 之前没有导入脚本。

这就是此时的动态 UI：

import maya.cmds as mc
import sys
import os 

FolderContent = []
SysPath = 'C:/Users/mkzie/Documents/maya/2019/scripts/Personal'
sys.path.append(SysPath)

for file in os.listdir(SysPath):
    if file.endswith(".py"):
        FolderContent.append(file[0:-3])
print FolderContent

x = 0
for i in FolderContent:
    exec('import %s') % (FolderContent[x])
    x += 1


def UI(FolderContent):    
    x = 0
    
    if mc.window("CXL_Interface", ex = True):
        mc.deleteUI("CXL_Interface")
        
    Interface = mc.window("CXL_Interface", s = True, rtf = True, h = 1)
    # mc.scrollLayout()
    
    for i in FolderContent:
        ScriptName = FolderContent[x]
        
        col = mc.columnLayout(cat = ('left', -1))
        mc.frameLayout(l = ScriptName, cll = True, cl = True, w = 300, mh = 5, mw = 0)
        exec('%s.init()') % (ScriptName)
        mc.setParent( '..' )
        mc.setParent( '..' )
        
        x += 1
    
    mc.setParent( '..' )
    mc.setParent( '..' )
    mc.separator(h = 1, st = 'none')
    mc.columnLayout(h = 45, adj = True)
    mc.separator(h = 5, st = 'shelf')
    mc.button(l = 'Close Interface', c = 'close()', h = 40, w = 300, bgc = (.9, 0.2, 0.3)) 
    
    mc.window(Interface, e = True, h = 1, w = 1)
    mc.showWindow()
    
UI(FolderContent)

def callFunc(ScriptName):
    exec('%s.init()') % (ScriptName)
    
def close():
    mc.deleteUI("CXL_Interface")

通过在调用 UI 之前这样做，在相应的 sripts 中使用字符串甚至不是问题：

mc.button(l = "OK", c = 'BuildKinematics.setVars()', bgc = (.4, .75, .4))

我觉得它有点粗糙。

我刚刚开始做这样的事情（可能需要 4 周），因此非常感谢改进。

非常感谢您的大力帮助！干杯。

【讨论】：