C# 使用 EnumerateDirectories 列出所有“叶子”子目录

Question

大家早上好， 我有一个文件夹，其中包含数千个不同深度的子目录。我需要列出所有不包含子目录的目录（众所周知的“行尾”）。如果它们包含文件很好。有没有办法用 EnumerateDirectories 做到这一点？

例如，如果返回一个完全递归的 EnumerateDirectories：

/files/
/files/q
/files/q/1
/files/q/2
/files/q/2/examples
/files/7
/files/7/eb
/files/7/eb/s
/files/7/eb/s/t

我只对：

/files/q/1
/files/q/2/examples
/files/7/eb/s/t

Answer 1

这应该可行：

var folderWithoutSubfolder = Directory.EnumerateDirectories(root, "*.*", SearchOption.AllDirectories)
     .Where(f => !Directory.EnumerateDirectories(f, "*.*", SearchOption.TopDirectoryOnly).Any());

Answer 2

如果你想避免为每个目录调用两次EnumerateDirectories()，你可以这样实现：

public IEnumerable<string> EnumerateLeafFolders(string root)
{
    bool anySubfolders = false;

    foreach (var subfolder in Directory.EnumerateDirectories(root))
    {
        anySubfolders = true;

        foreach (var leafFolder in EnumerateLeafFolders(subfolder))
            yield return leafFolder;
    }

    if (!anySubfolders)
        yield return root;
}

---

我做了一些时序测试，对我来说，这种方法比使用 Linq 方法快两倍多。

我使用发布版本运行此测试，在任何调试器之外运行。我在包含大量文件夹的 SSD 上运行它 - LEAF 文件夹的总数为 25035。

我对程序第二次运行的结果（第一次运行是预热磁盘缓存）：

Calling Using linq.  1 times took 00:00:08.2707813
Calling Using yield. 1 times took 00:00:03.6457477
Calling Using linq.  1 times took 00:00:08.0668787
Calling Using yield. 1 times took 00:00:03.5960438
Calling Using linq.  1 times took 00:00:08.1501002
Calling Using yield. 1 times took 00:00:03.6589386
Calling Using linq.  1 times took 00:00:08.1325582
Calling Using yield. 1 times took 00:00:03.6563730
Calling Using linq.  1 times took 00:00:07.9994754
Calling Using yield. 1 times took 00:00:03.5616040
Calling Using linq.  1 times took 00:00:08.0803573
Calling Using yield. 1 times took 00:00:03.5892681
Calling Using linq.  1 times took 00:00:08.1216921
Calling Using yield. 1 times took 00:00:03.6571429
Calling Using linq.  1 times took 00:00:08.1437973
Calling Using yield. 1 times took 00:00:03.6606362
Calling Using linq.  1 times took 00:00:08.0058955
Calling Using yield. 1 times took 00:00:03.6477621
Calling Using linq.  1 times took 00:00:08.1084669
Calling Using yield. 1 times took 00:00:03.5875057

如您所见，使用收益率方法明显更快。 （可能是因为它没有将每个文件夹枚举两次。）

我的测试代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;

namespace Demo
{
    class Program
    {
        private void run()
        {
            string root = "F:\\TFROOT";

            Action test1 = () => leafFolders1(root).Count();
            Action test2 = () => leafFolders2(root).Count();

            for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
            {
                test1.TimeThis("Using linq.");
                test2.TimeThis("Using yield.");
            }
        }

        static void Main()
        {
            new Program().run();
        }

        static IEnumerable<string> leafFolders1(string root)
        {
            var folderWithoutSubfolder = Directory.EnumerateDirectories(root, "*.*", SearchOption.AllDirectories)
                 .Where(f => !Directory.EnumerateDirectories(f, "*.*", SearchOption.TopDirectoryOnly).Any());

            return folderWithoutSubfolder;
        }

        static IEnumerable<string> leafFolders2(string root)
        {
            bool anySubfolders = false;

            foreach (var subfolder in Directory.EnumerateDirectories(root))
            {
                anySubfolders = true;

                foreach (var leafFolder in leafFolders2(subfolder))
                    yield return leafFolder;
            }

            if (!anySubfolders)
                yield return root;
        }
    }

    static class DemoUtil
    {
        public static void Print(this object self)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(self);
        }

        public static void Print(this string self)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(self);
        }

        public static void Print<T>(this IEnumerable<T> self)
        {
            foreach (var item in self)
                Console.WriteLine(item);
        }

        public static void TimeThis(this Action action, string title, int count = 1)
        {
            var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();

            for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i)
                action();

            Console.WriteLine("Calling {0} {1} times took {2}",  title, count, sw.Elapsed);
        }
    }
}