字典和输入：如何在值中使用用户输入

Question

我正在开发一种聊天机器人。我想知道是否有办法在字典中使用input 作为value。例如：当输入是“我的名字是 x”时，我想得到答案“Hello x”。 我试过这个："my name is (.*)": ["Hello ! % 1"]，但效果不佳。我想，我需要定义 (.*) 和 %1 但我不知道怎么做。

如果你知道一种方法，请帮助我。谢谢。

words = {"good night": ["nighty night", "good night", "sleep well"],
         "good morning": ["good morning", "wakey-wakey!", "rise and shine!"],
         "hi": ["hello", "hey", "hi"],
         "how are you": ["I am good, thank you", "Pretty good,thank you", "Very well, thanks",
                         "I am doing great thanks", "Better than some, not as good as others",
                         "I am better now, it is good to talk to you"],
         "bye": ["see you later", "bye", "bye-bye", "see you soon", "bye for now", "catch you later"],
         "my name is (.*)": ["Hello ! % 1"]
         }

text_punk = input("text something: ")

greet_words = words.keys() #check if the key words is in input_text.
word_available = [word for word in greet_words if word in text_punk]

if word_available: # if words are available take the first of key.
    punk = random.choice(words[word_available[0]])
    print(punk)
    talk(punk) #this is for pyttsx3
else:
    print("problem!")

Answer 1

看起来你打算这样做：

from random import choice
from re import match, sub

text_punk = ''

while 'bye' not in text_punk:
    words = {"good night": ["nighty night", "good night", "sleep well"],
             "good morning": ["good morning", "wakey-wakey!", "rise and shine!"],
             "hi": ["hello", "hey", "hi"],
             "how are you": ["I am good, thank you", "Pretty good,thank you", "Very well, thanks",
                             "I am doing great thanks", "Better than some, not as good as others",
                             "I am better now, it is good to talk to you"],
             "bye": ["see you later", "bye", "bye-bye", "see you soon", "bye for now", "catch you later"],
             "my name is (.*)": ["Hello ! {1}"]
             }

    text_punk = input("text something: ").lower()

    response = 'I did not get that, sorry'

    for expression in words:
        if m := match(expression, text_punk):
            response = choice(words[expression]).format(*(m.group(i) for i in range(len(m.groups())+1)))
            break

    print(response)

使用一些输入运行它：

text something: hi
hello
text something: my name is grismar
Hello ! grismar
text something: bye!
catch you later

当然，这就是魔法发生的地方：

choice(words[expression]).format(*(m.group(i) for i in range(len(m.groups())+1)))

如果expression 与text_punk 中的输入匹配，它会从该字典值中选择一个随机短语。然后，它会尝试使用匹配组格式化所选值（替换 {} 中的值）。

它通过列出所有组来实现这一点，从 0 到使用 range(len(m.groups())+1) 的组有很多。

例如，如果输入为'my name is grismar'，则0 组将为'my name is grismar'，1 组将为grismar。所以命令归结为：

choice(words['my name is (.*)']).format('my name is grismar', 'grismar')

而且由于choice(words['my name is (.*)'])只能是'Hello ! {1}'，所以真的是：

'Hello ! {1}'.format('my name is grismar', 'grismar')

它也适用于多个问候语：

"my name is (.*)": ["Hello {1}!", "Hey {1}, long time no see!"]

你可以有多个匹配：

"my name is ([^\s]+) (.*)": ["Hello {1}!", "Greetings, {2}!", "Mx {2}, first name {1}, OK"]

例子：

text something: my name is jaap van der velde
Hello jaap!
text something: my name is jaap van der velde
Greetings, van der velde!
text something: my name is jaap van der velde
Mx van der velde, first name jaap, OK
text something: