部署到heroku的Rails 5应用程序不在生产中发送sendgrid电子邮件

Question

昨天和今天早上都在试图弄清楚发生了什么。我有一个简单的 Rails 5 应用程序使用 sendgrid 从开发 rails 控制台成功发送电子邮件，但在 heroku 部署的生产 rails 控制台中尝试相同的事情不会发送电子邮件但会生成以下错误：

Errno::ECONNREFUSED: Connection refused - connect(2) for "localhost" port 25
from (irb):1

更多细节：

• 红宝石 2.3.3
• 导轨 5.1.3
• gem 'sendgrid-ruby', '~> 5.0'

config/environment.rb

# Load the Rails application.
require_relative 'application'                                

# Initialize the Rails application.                           
Rails.application.initialize!                                 

Invoicer::Application.configure do 
  # Setup the mailer config                                   
  config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :smtp                
  config.action_mailer.perform_deliveries = true              
  config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = {
    :user_name => ENV['SENDGRID_USERNAME'],                   
    :password => ENV['SENDGRID_PASSWORD'],                    
    :domain => '[myapp].herokuapp.com',
    :address => 'smtp.sendgrid.net',                          
    :port => 587,
    :authentication => :plain,                                
    :enable_starttls_auto => true    
  }
end

config/environments/development.rb

唯一与电子邮件相关的未注释代码是：

# Don't care if the mailer can't send.
config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = false

config.action_mailer.perform_caching = false

config/environments/production.rb

唯一没有评论的电子邮件相关行是：

config.action_mailer.perform_caching = false

在我的本地机器上进行开发时，会生成一封电子邮件。

在开发 Rails 控制台中：

>> ActionMailer::Base.delivery_method
=> :smtp
>> InvoiceMailer.invoice_email(Customer.first).delivery_method
  Customer Load (0.6ms)  SELECT  "customers".* FROM "customers" ORDER BY "customers"."id" ASC LIMIT $1  [["LIMIT", 1]]
  Rendering invoice_mailer/invoice_email.html.erb within layouts/mailer
  Rendered invoice_mailer/invoice_email.html.erb within layouts/mailer (0.0ms)
  Rendering invoice_mailer/invoice_email.text.erb within layouts/mailer
  Rendered invoice_mailer/invoice_email.text.erb within layouts/mailer (0.0ms)
InvoiceMailer#invoice_email: processed outbound mail in 17.6ms
=> #<Mail::SMTP:0x007f939b607b48 @settings=    {:address=>"smtp.sendgrid.net", :port=>587, :domain=>"fm-    invoicer.herokuapp.com", :user_name=>"app75430225@heroku.com", :password=>"ms9nps8r7677", :authentication=>:plain, :enable_starttls_auto=>true, :openssl_verify_mode=>nil, :ssl=>nil, :tls=>nil}>

Heroku 生产没有发送电子邮件，我收到一个错误。

在 heroku rails 控制台中

$ heroku run rails c
Loading production environment (Rails 5.1.3)
irb(main):001:0> InvoiceMailer.invoice_email(Customer.first).deliver
D, [2017-09-03T14:59:53.803069 #4] DEBUG -- :Customer Load (7.2ms)      SELECT  "customers".* FROM "customers" ORDER BY "customers"."id" ASC LIMIT     $1  [["LIMIT", 1]]
I, [2017-09-03T14:59:53.863967 #4]  INFO -- :Rendering     invoice_mailer/invoice_email.html.erb within layouts/mailer
I, [2017-09-03T14:59:53.864680 #4]  INFO -- :Rendered invoice_mailer/invoice_email.html.erb within layouts/mailer (0.6ms)
I, [2017-09-03T14:59:53.865742 #4]  INFO -- :Rendering invoice_mailer/invoice_email.text.erb within layouts/mailer
I, [2017-09-03T14:59:53.866329 #4]  INFO -- :Rendered invoice_mailer/invoice_email.text.erb within layouts/mailer (0.4ms)
D, [2017-09-03T14:59:54.087932 #4] DEBUG -- : InvoiceMailer#invoice_email: processed outbound mail in 232.7ms
I, [2017-09-03T14:59:54.101584 #4]  INFO -- : Sent mail to XXX@gmail.com (13.4ms)
D, [2017-09-03T14:59:54.102047 #4] DEBUG -- : Date: Sun, 03 Sep 2017 14:59:54 +0000
From: XXX@gmail.com
To: XXX@gmail.com
Message-ID: <59ac18ea16bd6_451d0d888799@f74404ed-7ea9-41ff-9b05-715d2a185bf4.mail>
Subject: XXXXX Website Monthly Invoice - August-2017
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
 boundary="--==_mimepart_59ac18ea151a7_451d0d8886dd";
 charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit


----==_mimepart_59ac18ea151a7_451d0d8886dd
Content-Type: text/plain; 
 charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Dear XXX

Attached please find your monthly invoice.

Best,
XXX
CrazyJ Media ;-)


----==_mimepart_59ac18ea151a7_451d0d8886dd
Content-Type: text/html;
 charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <style>
      /* Email styles need to be inline */
    </style>
  </head>

  <body>
    <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta content='text/html; charset=UTF-8' http-equiv='Content-Type' />
  </head>
  <body>
    <p>Dear XXX,</p>
    <p>Attached please find the latest monthly invoice.</p>
    <p>Best,<br>XXX<br>Crazy J Media</p>
  </body>
</html>

  </body>
</html>

----==_mimepart_59ac18ea151a7_451d0d8886dd--

Errno::ECONNREFUSED: Connection refused - connect(2) for "localhost" port 25
    from (irb):1

也在 Heroku Rails 控制台中：

irb(main):001:0> ActionMailer::Base.delivery_method
=> :smtp
irb(main):002:0>     InvoiceMailer.invoice_email(Customer.first).delivery_method
D, [2017-09-13T22:42:58.951166 #4] DEBUG -- :   Customer Load (2.8ms)      SELECT  "customers".* FROM "customers" ORDER BY "customers"."id" ASC LIMIT     $1  [["LIMIT", 1]]
I, [2017-09-13T22:42:59.037206 #4]  INFO -- :   Rendering     invoice_mailer/invoice_email.html.erb within layouts/mailer
I, [2017-09-13T22:42:59.038316 #4]  INFO -- :   Rendered     invoice_mailer/invoice_email.html.erb within layouts/mailer (0.9ms)
I, [2017-09-13T22:42:59.039720 #4]  INFO -- :   Rendering  invoice_mailer/invoice_email.text.erb within layouts/mailer
I, [2017-09-13T22:42:59.040359 #4]  INFO -- :   Rendered invoice_mailer/invoice_email.text.erb within layouts/mailer (0.5ms)
D, [2017-09-13T22:42:59.413839 #4] DEBUG -- :     InvoiceMailer#invoice_email: processed outbound mail in 405.7ms
=> #<Mail::SMTP:0x0000000575c678 @settings={:address=>"localhost",   :port=>25, :domain=>"localhost.localdomain", :user_name=>nil, :password=>nil, :authentication=>nil, :enable_starttls_auto=>true, :openssl_verify_mode=>nil, :ssl=>nil, :tls=>nil}>

有人有什么想法吗？我研究了Heroku's sendgrid ruby docs 以及几个 SO 问题和答案，例如this one，但无济于事。我已经重新启动了我的 heroku 服务器，并且链接到此应用程序的 sendgrid 帐户正在工作并记录从开发发送的电子邮件。

许多正面的业力会提前发送给任何有见识的人！

Answer 1

错误表明它被配置为使用 SMTP 服务器在 localhost 端口 25 发送电子邮件，这表明您的配置没有被使用！

当Rails.application.initialize! 在生产环境中运行时，ActionMailer 会被预先加载并使用当时提供的设置进行配置。在您的情况下，这似乎意味着它正在使用默认值，因为您自己的配置要到稍后才会设置。

您可以通过在初始化应用程序之前简单地设置配置来解决此问题；要么重新排序你的 environment.rb 以便首先进行配置，要么将 ActionMailer 配置移动到 application.rb 或特定于环境的配置（例如，environments/production.rb）。

Answer 2

您可能应该将 Action Mailer 配置移动到 config/environments/production.rb 和/或检查此文件中是否没有覆盖您的设置。