Spring RestTemplate：SSL握手失败

Question

我正在尝试使用具有基本身份验证的宁静 ws。我没有将任何证书导入我的密钥库。当我使用 chrome 插件 Advance Rest client 对其进行测试时（使用带有 base64 编码用户名的基本身份验证：pass）。我可以看到回复。到现在为止还挺好。 但是当我开发 Java 代码来使用这个 ws 时，我得到 SSL 握手失败：

org.springframework.web.client.ResourceAccessException: I/O error: 
Received fatal alert: handshake_failure; nested exception is
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Received fatal alert: handshake_failure
at org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate.doExecute(RestTemplate.java:453)
at org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate.execute(RestTemplate.java:401)
at org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate.exchange(RestTemplate.java:377)
at test.Rest.main(Rest.java:37) Caused by: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Received fatal alert: handshake_failure
at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Unknown Source)
at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Unknown Source)

我的问题是：如果问题是因为我没有将证书导入我的密钥库，那么 Java 代码和插件不应该一起工作。在这里，插件有效，但我的代码无效。 是什么原因？我的代码有问题吗？

下面是我的代码

RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();         
 String plainCreds = "username:pass"; 
 byte[] plainCredsBytes = plainCreds.getBytes(Charset.forName("US-ASCII") );     
 byte[] base64CredsBytes = Base64.encodeBase64(plainCredsBytes); 
 String base64Creds = new String(base64CredsBytes);

 HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); 
 headers.add("Authorization", "Basic " + base64Creds);

 ResponseEntity<String> response =  
          restTemplate.exchange("https://url",HttpMethod.GET,new  
                                  HttpEntity(headers),String.class);

这是日志文件的链接：（我已将我的服务器名称替换为 XXXXXX） http://www.filedropper.com/ssllog

运行后：openssl s_client -showcerts -tls1 -connect host:port

WARNING: can't open config file: /usr/local/ssl/openssl.cnf
CONNECTED(00000164)
8088:error:1408F10B:SSL routines:SSL3_GET_RECORD:wrong version number:.\ssl\s3_pkt.c:362:
---
no peer certificate available
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 5 bytes and written 0 bytes
---
New, (NONE), Cipher is (NONE)
Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1
    Cipher    : 0000
    Session-ID:
    Session-ID-ctx:
    Master-Key:
    Key-Arg   : None
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    SRP username: None
    Start Time: 1452011344
    Timeout   : 7200 (sec)
    Verify return code: 0 (ok)
---

这是我运行命令 openssl s_client -connect server:port 时的输出

WARNING: can't open config file: /usr/local/ssl/openssl.cnf
CONNECTED(00000164)
depth=0 C = US, ST = "XXXXXX", L = XXXXXX, O = XXXXXX, OU = xxxxx, CN = XXXXXXXXX.test.intranet, emailAddress = xxxxx@xxxxx
verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate
verify return:1
depth=0 C = US, ST = "XXXXXXX ", L = XXXXX, O = XXXXXX, OU = xxxxxx, CN = XXXXXXXXX.test.intranet, emailAddress = xxxxx@xxxxx
verify error:num=21:unable to verify the first certificate
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:/C=US/ST=XXXXXXX /L=XXXXX/O=XXXXXX/OU=XXXXX/CN=XXXXXX.test.intranet/emailAddress=xxxxx@xxxxx
   i:/DC=intranet/DC=xxxx/CN=XXXXXX DEV Issuing CA
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXX.....
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/C=US/ST=XXXXXXX /L=XXXXX/O=XXXXXX/OU=XXXXX/CN=XXXXXX.test.intranet/emailAddress=xxxxx@xxxxx
issuer=/DC=intranet/DC=XXX/CN=XXXXX DEV Issuing CA
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA512
Server Temp Key: XXXXX, P-256, 256 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 1895 bytes and written 443 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : TLSv1.2
    Cipher    : ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
    Session-ID: 568BF22A5CDBF103155264BBC056B272168AE0777CBC10F055705EB2DD907E5A
    Session-ID-ctx:
    Master-Key: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
    Key-Arg   : None
    PSK identity: None
    PSK identity hint: None
    SRP username: None
    Start Time: 1452012074
    Timeout   : 300 (sec)
    Verify return code: 21 (unable to verify the first certificate)
---
read:errno=0

Answer 1

从javax.net.debug 日志中，我可以看到您使用的是 Java 7，并且客户端解析为 TLSv1。从openssl 输出，您的服务器不支持 TLSv1。

TLS ver. 1.1 and 1.2 are disabled in Java 7 by default.

尽管 Java SE 7 版本中的 SunJSSE 支持 TLS 1.1 和 TLS 1.2，默认情况下，这两个版本都没有为客户端连接启用。一些服务器没有正确实现前向兼容性，并且 拒绝与 TLS 1.1 或 TLS 1.2 客户端通信。为了互操作性， SunJSSE 默认不为客户端启用 TLS 1.1 或 TLS 1.2 连接。

通过以下方式启用 TLSv1.1 和 TLSv1.2：

1. JVM 参数：

   -Dhttps.protocols=TLSv1.2,TLSv1.1,TLSv1
   

2. 或者从 Java 代码中设置相同的属性：

   System.setProperty("https.protocols", "TLSv1.2,TLSv1.1,TLSv1");
   

3. 或者安装JCE Unlimited Strength policy files for Java 7。我不能 100% 确定这一步是否能解决问题，尽管安装 JCE 总是值得的，同时它允许 JVM 使用现有算法的更强大版本。

2016 年 9 月 29 日更新：

在选项 1 和 2 中，协议的顺序由好转坏（TLS 版本 1.2 到 1）。

Answer 2

如果您碰巧使用的是 Java 7，则需要明确告诉 Java 使用 TLSv1.2 协议。这是一个使用 Spring XML 配置的示例。

***In any Spring bean (i.e. a controller)***

import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;

@Bean(name="client")
public HttpClient make() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException {
    SSLContext sslContext = SSLContexts.custom().build();
    SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslConnectionSocketFactory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext,
            new String[]{"TLSv1.2", "TLSv1.1"}, null, SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getDefaultHostnameVerifier());
    return HttpClients.custom()
            .setSSLSocketFactory(sslConnectionSocketFactory)
            .build();
}

***In XML configuration files***

<bean id="factory"
      class="org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory">
    <property name="httpClient" ref="client"/>
</bean>
<bean id="restTemplate" class="org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate">
    <property name="requestFactory" ref="factory"/>
</bean>

你可以在没有 XML 的情况下做同样的事情：

RestTemplate restTemplate;

public HttpClient getHttpClient() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException {
    SSLContext sslContext = SSLContexts.custom().build();
    SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslConnectionSocketFactory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext,
            new String[]{"TLSv1.2", "TLSv1.1"}, null, SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getDefaultHostnameVerifier());
    return HttpClients.custom()
            .setSSLSocketFactory(sslConnectionSocketFactory)
            .build();
}

public void setUp() throws Exception {
    restTemplate = new RestTemplate(
            new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(
                    getHttpClient()));
    ...
}