复制文件夹结构但根据子目录中的文件夹名称通过两个不同的字符串匹配子文件夹？

Question

如何通过两个不同的字符串（“Touch”或“mpr”）根据文件夹名称复制整个文件夹结构，但只选择几个子目录下的一些文件夹？

我需要的文件在例如：

"C:\Users\Desktop\shizzle\mro\pre\subject_01\Touch"

但是有两个时间点文件夹（前和后）和几个主题，因此我尝试了更高的目录：

$includes = 'Touch|mpr'
Get-ChildItem "C:\Users\Desktop\shizzle\mro" -Directory |
    Where-Object{$_.Name -match $includes} |
    Copy-Item -Destination "C:\Users\shizzle\Desktop\shi_data6" -Recurse -Force

效果很好，但前提是搜索的文件夹位于指定目录中，而不是多个子目录（因此它只能在C:\Users\Desktop\shizzle\mro\pre\subject_01 中使用）。

Get-ChildItem "C:\Users\shizzle\Downloads\copy_test\copy_test\mro" -Recurse | Where-Object{$_.Name -match $includes} | Copy-Item -Destination "C:\Users\shizzle\Downloads\test_shi10" -Recurse -Force

没有保持文件夹结构。

文件夹结构如下：

C:\Users\Desktop\shizzle\mro\

+---pre
|   +---subject_01 
|   |   +---dontcopythisfolder
|   |   +---dontcopythisfolder
|   |   +---0024_63_Touch
|   |   |       File_1.txt
|   |   |       File_2.txt
|   |   |       File_3.txt
|   |   +---dontcopythisfolder
|   |   \---654_mpr_8364
|   |          File_1.txt
|   |          File_2.txt
|   |          File_3.txt
|   \---subject_02
|      +---dontcopythisfolder
|      +---dontcopythisfolder
|      +---0024_63_Touch
|      |       File_1.txt
|      |       File_2.txt
|      |       File_3.txt
|      +---dontcopythisfolder
|      \---654_mpr_8364
|             File_1.txt
|             File_2.txt
|             File_3.txt
\---post
   +---subject_01 
   |   +---dontcopythisfolder
   |   +---dontcopythisfolder
   |   +---0024_63_Touch
   |   |       File_1.txt
   |   |       File_2.txt
   |   |       File_3.txt
   |   +---dontcopythisfolder
   |   \---654_mpr_8364
   |          File_1.txt
   |          File_2.txt
   |          File_3.txt
   \---subject_02
      +---dontcopythis folder
      +---dontcopythisfolder
      +---0024_63_Touch
      |       File_1.txt
      |       File_2.txt
      |       File_3.txt
      +---dontcopythisfolder
      \---654_mpr_8364
             File_1.txt
             File_2.txt
             File_3.txt

Answer 1

你可以试试这个：

$sourcePath  = 'D:\Test'  # 'C:\Users\Desktop\shizzle\mro'
$Destination = 'D:\Data'  # 'C:\Users\shizzle\Desktop\shi_data6'
$includes    = 'Touch|mpr'
Get-ChildItem -Path $sourcePath -Recurse -Directory |
    Where-Object{$_.Name -match $includes} |
    ForEach-Object {
        $targetPath = Join-Path -Path $Destination -ChildPath $_.Parent.FullName.Substring($sourcePath.Length)
        $null = New-Item -Path $targetPath -ItemType Directory -Force
        $_ | Copy-Item -Destination $targetPath -Recurse -Force
    }

除了使用上面的Substring()方法，还可以使用正则表达式-replace来构造目标路径。
但是，请记住，路径包含对正则表达式具有特殊含义的字符，因此您应该使用 [regex]::Escape()'d 版本的源路径，并使用 ^ 将其锚定到字符串的开头：

$sourcePath  = 'D:\Test'  # 'C:\Users\Desktop\shizzle\mro'
$Destination = 'D:\Data'  # 'C:\Users\shizzle\Desktop\shi_data6'
$includes    = 'Touch|mpr'

# if you want to use regex `-replace` instead, use this:
$escapedSource = '^{0}' -f [regex]::Escape($sourcePath)
Get-ChildItem -Path $sourcePath -Recurse -Directory |
    Where-Object{$_.Name -match $includes} |
    ForEach-Object {
        $targetPath = Join-Path -Path $Destination -ChildPath ($_.FullName -replace $escapedSource)
        $null = New-Item -Path $targetPath -ItemType Directory -Force
        $_ | Copy-Item -Destination $targetPath -Recurse -Force
    }

低于我的测试结果（当然使用不同的路径..）

来源

D:\TEST
+---post
|   +---subject_01
|   |   +---0024_63_Touch
|   |   |       File1.txt
|   |   |       File2.txt
|   |   |
|   |   +---654_mpr_8364
|   |   |       File1.txt
|   |   |       File2.txt
|   |   |
|   |   +---dontcopythisfolder
|   |   \---ignorethisonetoo
|   \---subject_02
|       +---0024_63_Touch
|       |       File1.txt
|       |       File2.txt
|       |
|       +---654_mpr_8364
|       |       File1.txt
|       |       File2.txt
|       |
|       +---dontcopythisfolder
|       \---ignorethisonetoo
\---pre
    +---subject_01
    |   +---0024_63_Touch
    |   |       File1.txt
    |   |       File2.txt
    |   |
    |   +---654_mpr_8364
    |   |       File1.txt
    |   |       File2.txt
    |   |
    |   +---dontcopythisfolder
    |   \---ignorethisonetoo
    \---subject_02
        +---0024_63_Touch
        |       File1.txt
        |       File2.txt
        |
        +---654_mpr_8364
        |       File1.txt
        |       File2.txt
        |
        +---dontcopythisfolder
        \---ignorethisonetoo

目的地

D:\DATA
+---post
|   +---subject_01
|   |   +---0024_63_Touch
|   |   |       File1.txt
|   |   |       File2.txt
|   |   |
|   |   \---654_mpr_8364
|   |           File1.txt
|   |           File2.txt
|   |
|   \---subject_02
|       +---0024_63_Touch
|       |       File1.txt
|       |       File2.txt
|       |
|       \---654_mpr_8364
|               File1.txt
|               File2.txt
|
\---pre
    +---subject_01
    |   +---0024_63_Touch
    |   |       File1.txt
    |   |       File2.txt
    |   |
    |   \---654_mpr_8364
    |           File1.txt
    |           File2.txt
    |
    \---subject_02
        +---0024_63_Touch
        |       File1.txt
        |       File2.txt
        |
        \---654_mpr_8364
                File1.txt
                File2.txt

Answer 2

这就是我所说的字符串操作，试试这个，看看它是否有效：

$basePath="C:\Users\shizzle\Downloads\copy_test\copy_test\mro\"
$includes = 'Touch|mpr'
$destinationPath="C:\Users\shizzle\Downloads\test_shi10"

Get-ChildItem $basePath -Recurse -Directory |
    Where-Object{$_.Name -match $includes} | %{
        $manipulatedPath=Join-Path $destinationPath -ChildPath ($_.FullName -replace $basePath)
        Copy-Item -Path $_.FullName -Destination $manipulatedPath -Recurse -Force
    }

编辑：

为了测试，我在测试文件夹中有很多文件夹（忽略它们的名称），我会尝试这个副本而不实际复制文件夹，而是查看它们的“目标路径”是什么。代码如下：

$basePath='/home/zen/Documents/test'
$destinationPath="/home/zen/Desktop/copied_folders"
$i='#'*30

"
$i
My Test Folders:
"
(Get-ChildItem $basePath -Recurse -Directory).FullName

"
$i
My Destination Folders:
"
Get-ChildItem $basePath -Recurse -Directory | %{
        $manipulatedPath=Join-Path $destinationPath -ChildPath ($_.FullName -replace $basePath)
        $manipulatedPath
    }

这是我的 PS 主机向我显示的假定目标路径：

PS /home/zen> /home/zen/Documents/script.ps1

##############################
My Test Folders:

/home/zen/Documents/test/emptycompressedfolder
/home/zen/Documents/test/Folder with Spaces
/home/zen/Documents/test/INC.
/home/zen/Documents/test/RESIDENCES
/home/zen/Documents/test/emptycompressedfolder/emptyfolder
/home/zen/Documents/test/emptycompressedfolder/emptyfolder/emptyfolderinsideemptyfolder
/home/zen/Documents/test/emptycompressedfolder/emptyfolder/emptyfolderinsideemptyfolder/insideemptyfolder
/home/zen/Documents/test/emptycompressedfolder/emptyfolder/emptyfolderinsideemptyfolder/insideemptyfolder/insideeeee

##############################
My Destination Folders:

/home/zen/Desktop/copied_folders/emptycompressedfolder
/home/zen/Desktop/copied_folders/Folder with Spaces
/home/zen/Desktop/copied_folders/INC.
/home/zen/Desktop/copied_folders/RESIDENCES
/home/zen/Desktop/copied_folders/emptycompressedfolder/emptyfolder
/home/zen/Desktop/copied_folders/emptycompressedfolder/emptyfolder/emptyfolderinsideemptyfolder
/home/zen/Desktop/copied_folders/emptycompressedfolder/emptyfolder/emptyfolderinsideemptyfolder/insideemptyfolder
/home/zen/Desktop/copied_folders/emptycompressedfolder/emptyfolder/emptyfolderinsideemptyfolder/insideemptyfolder/insideeeee
PS /home/zen>