对文本文件中的字符进行计数/排序

Question

我正在尝试编写一个程序来读取文本文件，按字符对其进行排序，并跟踪每个字符在文档中出现的次数。这就是我到目前为止所拥有的。

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        CharFrequency[] Charfreq = new CharFrequency[128];

        try
        {            
        string line;
        System.IO.StreamReader file = new System.IO.StreamReader(@"C:\Users\User\Documents\Visual Studio 2013\Projects\Array_Project\wap.txt");
        while ((line = file.ReadLine()) != null)
        {
            int ch = file.Read();

            if (Charfreq.Contains(ch))
            {

            }     
        }

        file.Close();

        Console.ReadLine();
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("The process failed: {0}", e.ToString());
        }
    }
}

我的问题是，这里的 if 语句应该写什么？

我还有一个 Charfrequency 类，我将在此处包含它，以防我包含它是有帮助/必要的（是的，我有必要使用数组而不是列表或数组列表）。

public class CharFrequency
{
    private char m_character;
    private long m_count;

    public CharFrequency(char ch)
    {
        Character = ch;
        Count = 0;
    }

    public CharFrequency(char ch, long charCount)
    {
        Character = ch;
        Count = charCount;
    }

    public char Character
    {
        set
        {
            m_character = value;
        }

        get
        {
            return m_character;
        }
    }

    public long Count
    {
        get
        {
            return m_count;
        }
        set
        {
            if (value < 0)
                value = 0;

            m_count = value;
        }
    }

    public void Increment()
    {
        m_count++;

    }

    public override bool Equals(object obj)
    {
        bool equal = false;
        CharFrequency cf = new CharFrequency('\0', 0);

        cf = (CharFrequency)obj;

        if (this.Character == cf.Character)
            equal = true;

        return equal;
    }

    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
        return m_character.GetHashCode();
    }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        String s = String.Format("'{0}' ({1})     = {2}", m_character, (byte)m_character, m_count);

        return s;
    }

}

Answer 1

看看这篇文章。

https://codereview.stackexchange.com/questions/63872/counting-the-number-of-character-occurrences

它使用 LINQ 来实现您的目标

Answer 2

你不应该使用Contains

首先你需要初始化你的Charfreq数组：

CharFrequency[] Charfreq = new CharFrequency[128];

for (int i = 0; i < Charferq.Length; i++)
{
    Charfreq[i] = new CharFrequency((char)i);
}

try

那么你可以

int ch;

// -1 means that there are no more characters to read,
// otherwise ch is the char read
while ((ch = file.Read()) != -1)
{
     CharFrequency cf = new CharFrequency((char)ch);

     // This works because CharFrequency overloads the
     // Equals method, and the Equals method checks only 
     // for the Character property of CharFrequency
     int ix = Array.IndexOf(Charfreq, cf);

     // if there is the "right" charfrequency
     if (ix != -1)
     {
         Charfreq[ix].Increment();
     }     
}

请注意，这不是我编写程序的方式。这是使您的程序正常运行所需的最少更改。

作为旁注，此程序将计算 ASCII 字符（代码

CharFrequency cf = new CharFrequency('\0', 0);

cf = (CharFrequency)obj;

这是一个无用的初始化：

CharFrequency cf = (CharFrequency)obj;

就足够了，否则你创建一个CharFrequency只是为了丢弃它下面的行。

Answer 3

字典非常适​​合这样的任务。你没有说文件在哪个字符集和编码。所以，因为 Unicode 很常见，让我们假设 Unicode 字符集和 UTF-8 编码。 （毕竟，它是 .NET、Java、JavaScript、HTML、XML 等的默认设置。）如果不是这样，请使用适用的编码读取文件并修复您的代码，因为您当前使用的是 UTF-8流阅读器。

接下来是遍历“字符”。然后增加字典中“字符”的计数，就像它在文本中看到的那样。

Unicode 确实有一些复杂的特性。一种是组合字符，其中一个基本字符可以与变音符号等重叠。用户将这些组合视为一个“字符”，或者 Unicode 将它们称为字素。值得庆幸的是，.NET 提供了 StringInfo 类，该类将它们作为“文本元素”进行迭代。

因此，如果您考虑一下，使用数组将非常困难。您必须在数组之上构建自己的字典。

下面的示例使用字典并且可以使用 LINQPad script 运行。创建字典后，它会以漂亮的显示排序并转储它。

var path = Path.GetTempFileName();
// Get some text we know is encoded in UTF-8 to simplify the code below
// and contains combining codepoints as a matter of example.
using (var web = new WebClient())
{
    web.DownloadFile("http://superuser.com/questions/52671/which-unicode-characters-do-smilies-like-%D9%A9-%CC%AE%CC%AE%CC%83-%CC%83%DB%B6-consist-of", path); 
}
// since the question asks to analyze a file
var content = File.ReadAllText(path, Encoding.UTF8); 
var frequency = new Dictionary<String, int>();
var itor = System.Globalization.StringInfo.GetTextElementEnumerator(content);
while (itor.MoveNext()) 
{
    var element = (String)itor.Current;
    if (!frequency.ContainsKey(element)) 
    {
        frequency.Add(element, 0);
    }
    frequency[element]++;
}
var histogram = frequency
    .OrderByDescending(f => f.Value)
    // jazz it up with the list of codepoints in each text element
    .Select(pair =>  
        {
            var bytes = Encoding.UTF32.GetBytes(pair.Key);
            var codepoints = new UInt32[bytes.Length/4];
            Buffer.BlockCopy(bytes, 0, codepoints, 0, bytes.Length);
            return new { 
                Count = pair.Value, 
                textElement = pair.Key, 
                codepoints = codepoints.Select(cp => String.Format("U+{0:X4}", cp) ) };
        });
histogram.Dump(); // For use in LINQPad