为什么我在 python 中的变量不起作用

Question

我想创建一个游戏，其中计算机选择一个随机单词，玩家必须猜测该单词。然后计算机会告诉玩家单词中有多少个字母。然后玩家有五次机会询问单词中是否有字母。计算机只能回答“是”或“否”。然后，玩家必须猜出这个词。

不知何故，我在下面编写的程序并没有准确地给玩家 5 次机会，让玩家在猜测单词之前询问字母是否在单词中。我可以知道出了什么问题吗？谢谢！

    import random

    WORDS = ("hello", "running", "help", "united")
    word = random.choice(WORDS)

    correct = word
    letters=len(word)

    print "There are", len(word), "letters in the word. You have 5 chances to guess the letter in the word. After which you will be required to guess the word."

    guess_letter = raw_input("Guess a letter in the word.")
    tries = 0

    while guess_letter in word:
    tries +=1
    print "Yes"
    guess_letter = raw_input("Guess another letter in the word.")
    if tries == 4:
      print "Please guess the word."
    answer = raw_input("What is the word?")
    if answer == correct:
      print "That is correct!"
    else:
      print "You lose."

    while guess_letter not in word:
    tries +=1
    print "No"
    guess_letter = raw_input("Guess another letter in the word.")
    if tries == 4:
      print "Please guess the word."
    answer = raw_input("What is the word?")
    if answer == correct:
      print "That is correct!"
    else:
      print "You lose."

Answer 1

两个while 循环一个接一个的逻辑不正确（您报告的缩进也损坏了，但我猜这只是您在此处复制和粘贴的问题，而不是您的代码本身的问题, 否则你会得到语法错误:-)。

例如，假设玩家第一次选择一个guess_letter，而该guess_letter在单词中不是：那么第一个while立即退出并且永远不会再次输入!

您需要一个单个循环，其迭代与guess_letter 是否在单词中无关——只有打印的内容应该取决于该检查！ for 循环可能更具可读性，但如果您愿意，可以使用 while 完美地做到这一点——但它会是这样的：

while tries < 5:
    tries += 1
    guess_letter = raw_input('Guess another letter in the word.')
    if guess_letter in word:
        print 'yes'
    else:
        print 'no'
print 'Please guess the word.'

在它之前进行初始化，在它之后进行最后的猜测和检查。

我还看到您希望以不同的方式处理第一个猜测（特别是使用不同的提示）。这可能最好通过在提示符中使用变量来实现...：

tries = 0
art = 'a'
while tries < 5:
    tries += 1
    guess_letter = raw_input('Guess ' + art + ' letter in the word.')
    art = 'another'
    if guess_letter in word:
        print 'yes'
    else:
        print 'no'
print 'Please guess the word.'

Answer 2

以下作品。它马虎，我不太喜欢它，但我认为你最大的问题可能是缩进。之后我添加了一个 while 循环来嵌套你的另外两个 while 循环。

如果你想改变一些东西来清理它，我会建议一个 while 循环（while 尝试

import random

WORDS = ("hello", "running", "help", "united")
word = random.choice(WORDS)

correct = word
letters=len(word)

print "There are", len(word), "letters in the word. You have 5 chances to guess the letter in the word. After which you will be required to guess the word."

guess_letter = raw_input("Guess a letter in the word.")

while tries < 4:        
    while guess_letter in word:
        tries +=1
        print "Yes"
        guess_letter = raw_input("Guess another letter in the word.")
        if tries == 4:
            print "Please guess the word."
            answer = raw_input("What is the word?")
            if answer == correct:
                print "That is correct!"
            else:
                print "You lose."
        break
    while guess_letter not in word:
        tries +=1
        print "No"
        guess_letter = raw_input("Guess another letter in the word.")
        if tries == 4:
            print "Please guess the word."
            answer = raw_input("What is the word?")
            if answer == correct:
                print "That is correct!"
            else:
                print "You lose."
        break        

清理版：

import random

WORDS = ("hello", "running", "help", "united")
word = random.choice(WORDS)

correct = word
letters=len(word)
tries = 0

print "There are", len(word), "letters in the word. You have 5 chances to guess the letter in the word. After which you will be required to guess the word."

while tries < 4:
    tries +=1
    guess_letter = raw_input("Guess a letter in the word.")
    if guess_letter in word:
        print "Yes"

    else:
        print "No"

print "Please guess the word."
answer = raw_input("What is the word?")
if answer == correct:
    print "That is correct!"
else:
    print "You lose."

Answer 3

您的代码似乎太复杂了。我建议您使用适合您的问题的for 循环。这是您游戏的轻量级版本（在 Python 3.4 上测试）：

import random

WORDS = ("hello", "running", "help", "united")
word = random.choice(WORDS)

print("There are {} letters in the word.".format(len(word)),
      "You have 5 chances to guess a letter in the word.",
      "After which you will be required to guess the word.")

for _ in range(5):
    guess_letter = input("Guess a letter in the word: ")
    if guess_letter in word:
        print("YES")
    else:
        print("NO")

answer = input("Guess the word: ")
if answer == word:
    print("That is correct!")
else:
    print("Game over!")