【问题标题】:Why is Python Regex Wildcard only matching newLine为什么 Python 正则表达式通配符只匹配 newLine
【发布时间】:2017-05-09 15:24:38
【问题描述】:

我正在编写一个程序来使用 Python RegEx 解析日志消息。在日志消息出现之前,我已经找到了所有内容。这可以是任意数量的字符类型,所以我假设 .* 通配符将是解决此问题的最佳解决方案。它匹配除新行之外的所有内容。

但是,当我使用通配符时,唯一返回的是本例中的新行。有任何想法吗?这是代码和输出:

import os
import re
#Change to and print correct file path
os.chdir('/Users/MacUser/Desktop/regExPython')
print(os.getcwd())

#Iterate and read from syslogexample.txt then print results
line_number = 0
with open('syslogexample.txt', 'r') as syslog:
    log_lines = syslog.readlines()
    for line in log_lines:
        line_number += 1
        print('{:>4} {}'.format(line_number, line.rstrip()))


#Build regex to parse through the data
DATE_RE = r'(\w{3}\s+\d{2})'
TIME_RE = r'(\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2})'
DEVICE_RE = r'(\S+)'
PROCESS_RE = r'(\S+\s+\S+:)'
MESSAGE_RE = r'(.*)'
CD_RE = r'(\s+)'

Syslog_RE = DATE_RE + CD_RE + \
            TIME_RE + CD_RE + \
            DEVICE_RE + CD_RE + \
            PROCESS_RE + CD_RE + \
            MESSAGE_RE

#Use regex to parse through the data
for line in log_lines:
    m = re.match(Syslog_RE, line)
    if m:
        print(m.groups())

#Printed log Files
      1 apr 29 08:22:13 mac-users-macbook-8 syslogd[49]: asl sender statistics
   2 apr 29 08:22:17 mac-users-macbook-8 com.apple.xpc.launchd[1] (com.apple.xpc.launchd.domain.system):
   3 service "com.apple.emond.aslmanager" tried to hijack endpoint "com.apple.aslmanager" from owner:
   4 com.apple.aslmanager
   5 apr 29 08:22:17 mac-users-macbook-8 com.apple.xpc.launchd[1] (com.apple.xpc.launchd.domain.system):
   6 service "com.apple.emond.aslmanager" tried to hijack endpoint
   7 "com.apple.activity_tracing.cache-delete" from owner: com.apple.aslmanager
   8 apr 29 08:22:17 mac-users-macbook-8 com.apple.xpc.launchd[1] (com.apple.bsd.dirhelper[14184]):
   9 endpoint has been activated through legacy launch(3) apis. please switch to xpc or
  10 bootstrap_check_in(): com.apple.bsd.dirhelper
  11 apr 29 08:22:19 mac-users-macbook-8 com.apple.xpc.launchd[1]
  12 (com.apple.imfoundation.imremoteurlconnectionagent): unknown key for integer:
  13 _dirtyjetsammemorylimit

Parsed Log Files
('apr 29', ' ', '08:22:17', ' ', 'mac-users-macbook-8', ' ', 'com.apple.xpc.launchd[1] (com.apple.xpc.launchd.domain.system):', '\n', '')
('apr 29', ' ', '08:22:17', ' ', 'mac-users-macbook-8', ' ', 'com.apple.xpc.launchd[1] (com.apple.xpc.launchd.domain.system):', '\n', '')
('apr 29', ' ', '08:22:17', ' ', 'mac-users-macbook-8', ' ', 'com.apple.xpc.launchd[1] (com.apple.bsd.dirhelper[14184]):', '\n', '')

Process finished with exit code 0

正如您在最后看到的,MESSAGE_RE 是唯一打印的字符是我认为根本不会打印的 \n 换行符。

谢谢大家!

【问题讨论】:

  • '\n's 与 CD_RE 匹配,MESSAGE_RE 始终生成 '',因为该行中没有任何内容。由于您一次只查看一行,并且消息始终位于不同的行上,因此 MESSAGE_RE 不可能匹配任何内容。
  • 问题是每个log like都可以拆分成任意多行的文本。这很奇怪,因为在我知道的每个日志系统(包括 Apple)中,每行总是有一条消息。如果您可以获取原始形式的日志,那是最干净的解决方案。如果您绝对需要对正则表达式进行多行匹配,请查看re.S

标签: python regex wildcard logfile


【解决方案1】:

http://www.regex101.com 中,正则表达式无法正常工作,因为.* 仅捕获 直到 换行符,这意味着在从第 3 行到第 4 行的换行符处停止匹配。也许尝试re.compile() 并在re.match() 之前编译正则表达式。在 python 正则表达式模块中有 DOTALL 标志,它使 . 也可以匹配换行符 http://docs.python.org/2/library/re.html

【讨论】:

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