Bash：遍历目录和子目录（包括隐藏文件）的正确方法是什么？

Question

对于学校作业，我试图递归地遍历目录和子目录以总结文件的大小。我遇到的问题是构造：

for f in ./* ./.*; do
  # summing logic here
done

卡在f = ./. 上它可以很好地进入每个目录，但是一旦它进入一个完全处理的目录，在最后一个文件之后，f 被设置为./.。我有逻辑来检查f 是否是一个目录，它确实如此，然后进入f 来处理它。并永远循环在那里。

我尝试包含代码来检查字符串f 是否匹配“./.” 或”./..”，但它永远不会评估为真。我犯了什么错误？

主要问题：为什么if [[ "$f" != "./." ]] || [[ "$f" != "./.." ]]; then 不起作用，我该怎么做才能获得相同的结果？此外，如果我尝试for f in ./* ./.* ; do echo $f done 之类的东西，我看不到./. 和./.. 被打印出来。 f 如何在我的脚本中设置为这些值？

我见过类似问题的答案，涉及 bash-builtin shopt，但我使用 zsh 而学校的测试服务器使用 csh。我真的希望有一些与平台无关的东西。

小提示：由于代码现在是这样，因此分配已完成。我们只需要对当前工作目录中文件的大小求和，不包括子目录。我对使脚本递归感到好奇，我只是为了满足我的兴趣而做这部分。感谢您的帮助。

#!bin/bash

total_size=0

get_file_size() {
    stat --printf="%s" "$1"
}

add_file_sizes() {
    for f in ./* ./.*; do
        echo "Currently processing: $f"
        if [ -d "$f" ] && [ "$1" == -r ]; then
            echo "$f is a directory"
            if [ "$f" !=  "./." ] || [ "$f" != "./.." ]; then
                echo "$f is not ./. or ./.."
                cd "$f"
                pwd
                add_file_sizes "-r"
                echo "$total_size"
                cd ../
            fi
        fi
        if [ ! -d "$f" ]; then
            echo "$f is not a directory"
            total_size=$((total_size + $(get_file_size "$f")))
            echo "$total_size"
        fi
    done
}

add_file_sizes $1

echo "$total_size"

编辑：这是一些输出：

Currently processing: list_size.sh
list_size.sh is not a directory
625
Currently processing: output.txt
output.txt is not a directory
759
Currently processing: test_dir
test_dir is a directory
test_dir is not ./. or ./..
/home/joe/dev/csc60/test_dir
Currently processing: file1
file1 is not a directory
759
Currently processing: file2
file2 is not a directory
759
Currently processing: test_subdir
test_subdir is a directory
test_subdir is not ./. or ./..
/home/joe/dev/csc60/test_dir/test_subdir
Currently processing: file3
file3 is not a directory
759
Currently processing: ./.
./. is a directory
./. is not ./. or ./..
/home/joe/dev/csc60/test_dir/test_subdir
Currently processing: file3
file3 is not a directory
759
Currently processing: ./.
./. is a directory
./. is not ./. or ./..
/home/joe/dev/csc60/test_dir/test_subdir
Currently processing: file3
file3 is not a directory
759
Currently processing: ./.
./. is a directory
./. is not ./. or ./..
/home/joe/dev/csc60/test_dir/test_subdir
Currently processing: file3
file3 is not a directory
759
Currently processing: ./.
./. is a directory
./. is not ./. or ./..
/home/joe/dev/csc60/test_dir/test_subdir
Currently processing: file3
file3 is not a directory
759
Currently processing: ./.
./. is a directory
./. is not ./. or ./..
/home/joe/dev/csc60/test_dir/test_subdir
Currently processing: file3
file3 is not a directory
759
Currently processing: ./.
./. is a directory
./. is not ./. or ./..
/home/joe/dev/csc60/test_dir/test_subdir
Currently processing: file3
file3 is not a directory
759

编辑 2：调整了初始 for 循环并普遍改进了脚本以响应答案中的建议。

当我将 for 循环更改为 for f in * .[!.]* 时的输出：

Currently processing: list_size.sh
list_size.sh is not a directory
578
Currently processing: list_size_tweaked.sh
list_size_tweaked.sh is not a directory
1156
Currently processing: output_tweaked.txt
output_tweaked.txt is not a directory
1394
Currently processing: output.txt
output.txt is not a directory
1394
Currently processing: test_dir
test_dir is a directory
test_dir is not ./. or ./..
/home/joe/dev/csc60/test_dir
Currently processing: file1
file1 is not a directory
1394
Currently processing: file2
file2 is not a directory
1394
Currently processing: test_subdir
test_subdir is a directory
test_subdir is not ./. or ./..
/home/joe/dev/csc60/test_dir/test_subdir
Currently processing: file3
file3 is not a directory
1394
Currently processing: .[!.]*
.[!.]* is not a directory
1394
stat: cannot stat '.[!.]*': No such file or directory
./list_size_tweaked.sh: line 25: total_size + : syntax error: operand expected (error token is "+ ")
7670

这似乎是因为目录中没有点文件，所以 glob 没有展开。

Answer 1

做：

for f in * .[!.]*; do

我认为它应该适用于任何 posix 兼容的 shell。该文档可以在posix Shell Command Language 2.13 Pattern Matching Notation 中找到。 . 匹配一个点，然后[!.] 是一个模式括号表达式，它匹配除点之外的所有内容，因此它有效地将. 当前目录和.. 父目录从匹配中排除。

注意事项：

• 出色的脚本，出色的编码，继续努力！
• 引用您的变量扩展名，尤其是当它们是文件名时。不要get_file_size $f，要get_file_size "$f"。 When to wrap quotes aroung a shell variable?
• 不要使用反引号`，不鼓励使用它们。请在任何地方使用$(...)。 Obsolete and deprecated syntax bash hackers wiki。
• 不要使用function name()，它是两种shell 符号的混合。只需 name() { .. } 定义一个函数，该函数与 posix 兼容，并且可以在任何地方工作。
• 只需get_file_size() { stat --printf="%s" "$1"; }。不需要变量和echo。
• [[ 是一个 bash 扩展。所以在csh 上使用[。请记住引用您的变量扩展。
• 我想我会find . -type f -printf "%s\n" | awk '{ sum+=$1 } END{print sum}'