构造UDP数据包的字节数组答案

【问题标题】：Byte Array to Struct UDP Packet构造UDP数据包的字节数组
【发布时间】：2020-06-06 16:51:46
【问题描述】：

我目前正忙于我的项目。我目前从游戏中接收 UDP 数据包。这些数据包包含字节数组。这些字节数组需要转换为结构体。

我已经解决了这个问题的前一个问题： F1 2019 UDP decoding

我已经完成了其中的一部分工作。我使用此代码将字节数组转换为结构：

PacketHeader ByteArrayToPacketHeader(byte[] bytes)
            {
                GCHandle handle = GCHandle.Alloc(bytes, GCHandleType.Pinned);
                PacketHeader stuff;
                try
                {
                    stuff = (PacketHeader)Marshal.PtrToStructure(handle.AddrOfPinnedObject(), typeof(PacketHeader));
                }
                finally
                {
                    handle.Free();
                }
                return stuff;
            }

我的数据包头（结构）看起来像这样：

public struct PacketHeader
    {
        public ushort m_packetFormat;         // 2019
        public byte m_gameMajorVersion;     // Game major version - "X.00"
        public byte m_gameMinorVersion;     // Game minor version - "1.XX"
        public byte m_packetVersion;        // Version of this packet type, all start from 1
        public byte m_packetId;             // Identifier for the packet type, see below
        public ulong m_sessionUID;           // Unique identifier for the session
        public float m_sessionTime;          // Session timestamp
        public uint m_frameIdentifier;      // Identifier for the frame the data was retrieved on
        public byte m_playerCarIndex;       // Index of player's car in the array
    };

通过这段代码，我得到了正确的信息。所以这行得通！

游戏通过同一个字节数组发送多个“包”（Structs）。

但是当我使用相同的代码将字节数组转换为新的结构布局时，我没有从数组中得到正确的信息。示例：

PacketCarTelemetryData ByteArrayToPacketCarTelemetryData(byte[] bytes)
                {
                    GCHandle handle = GCHandle.Alloc(bytes, GCHandleType.Pinned);
                    PacketCarTelemetryData stuff;
                    try
                    {
                        stuff = (PacketCarTelemetryData)Marshal.PtrToStructure(handle.AddrOfPinnedObject(), typeof(PacketCarTelemetryData));
                    }
                    finally
                    {
                        handle.Free();
                    }
                    return stuff;

此代码使用此结构布局：

public struct PacketCarTelemetryData
    {
         public PacketHeader m_header;        // Header

         public CarTelemetryData m_carTelemetryData;

         public uint m_buttonStatus;        // Bit flags specifying which buttons are being pressed
                                      // currently - see appendices
    };

在上面的结构中还存储了其他结构：

public struct CarTelemetryData
    {

        public ushort m_speed;                    // Speed of car in kilometres per hour
        public float m_throttle;                 // Amount of throttle applied (0.0 to 1.0)
        public float m_steer;                    // Steering (-1.0 (full lock left) to 1.0 (full lock right))
        public float m_brake;                    // Amount of brake applied (0.0 to 1.0)
        public byte m_clutch;                   // Amount of clutch applied (0 to 100)
        public sbyte m_gear;                     // Gear selected (1-8, N=0, R=-1)
        public ushort m_engineRPM;                // Engine RPM
        public byte m_drs;                      // 0 = off, 1 = on
        public byte m_revLightsPercent;         // Rev lights indicator (percentage)
        public ushort m_brakesTemperature;     // Brakes temperature (celsius)
        public ushort m_tyresSurfaceTemperature; // Tyres surface temperature (celsius)
        public ushort m_tyresInnerTemperature; // Tyres inner temperature (celsius)
        public ushort m_engineTemperature;        // Engine temperature (celsius)
        public float tyresPressure;         // Tyres pressure (PSI)
        public byte m_surfaceType;           // Driving surface, see appendice
    };

所以我现在的问题是，当我使用此代码将字节数组转换为此特定结构时，我没有得到我想要的信息。

附：车里没有36档，我的刹车也不是21760摄氏度……

有人有什么建议吗？

致以诚挚的问候，

编辑：

有关更多信息，这是我想读取数据包 CarTelemetryData 时得到的十六进制代码：

E3-07-01-15-01-06-F8-CE-BE-09-64-7F-EA-D1-DC-A1-16-41-91-01-00-00-13-7B-00-00-00-80-3F-36-53-7E-3C-00-00-00-00-00-02-F3-2F-00-64-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-74-00-74-00-4F-00-4F-00-5B-00-5B-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-74-00-00-00-80-3F-1B-F2-3A-3C-00-00-00-00-00-02-35-2D-00-22-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-69-00-69-00-4F-00-4F-00-5A-00-5A-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-7B-00-00-00-80-3F-F3-59-A1-BA-00-00-00-00-00-02-59-2F-00-64-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-72-00-72-00-4F-00-4F-00-5A-00-5A-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-77-00-00-00-80-3F-FE-5F-3F-3C-00-00-00-00-00-02-3D-2E-00-3E-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-71-00-71-00-4F-00-4F-00-5A-00-5A-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-81-00-00-00-80-3F-89-78-23-3C-00-00-00-00-00-03-E0-28-00-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-77-00-78-00-4F-00-4F-00-5B-00-5B-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-77-00-00-00-80-3F-C3-73-98-3C-00-00-00-00-00-02-2F-2E-00-54-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-75-00-75-00-50-00-4F-00-5B-00-5B-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-76-00-00-00-80-3F-F3-F4-BA-BA-00-00-00-00-00-02-21-2E-00-59-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-75-00-75-00-4F-00-4F-00-5B-00-5B-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-7C-00-00-00-80-3F-4D-7D-04-3B-00-00-00-00-00-02-FB-2F-00-64-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-70-00-70-00-4F-00-4F-00-5A-00-5A-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-75-00-00-00-80-3F-84-45-AB-3C-00-00-00-00-00-02-BF-2D-00-31-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-77-00-77-00-4F-00-4F-00-5B-00-5B-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-80-00-00-00-80-3F-B5-8C-BD-3B-00-00-00-00-00-03-1B-28-00-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-71-00-71-00-4F-00-4F-00-5A-00-5A-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-72-00-00-00-80-3F-F8-D0-87-3A-00-00-00-00-00-02-63-2C-00-37-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-79-00-79-00-4F-00-4F-00-5B-00-5B-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-7B-00-00-00-80-3F-FF-A7-60-3A-00-00-00-00-00-02-DE-2F-00-64-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-6E-00-6E-00-4F-00-4F-00-5A-00-5A-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-7A-00-00-00-80-3F-B9-2E-2F-3C-00-00-00-00-00-02-D1-2F-00-64-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-75-00-75-00-4F-00-4F-00-5B-00-5B-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-74-00-00-00-80-3F-CD-1E-18-3A-00-00-00-00-00-02-3F-2D-00-23-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-6F-00-6F-00-4F-00-4F-00-5A-00-5A-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-73-00-00-00-80-3F-15-0F-AF-3B-00-00-00-00-00-02-A5-2B-00-0C-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-70-00-70-00-4F-00-4F-00-5A-00-5A-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-7A-00-00-00-80-3F-2B-C0-14-3C-00-00-00-00-00-02-49-2F-00-64-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-6F-00-6F-00-4F-00-4F-00-5A-00-5A-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-7F-00-00-00-80-3F-41-CA-C0-3C-00-00-00-00-00-03-85-2B-00-64-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-79-00-79-00-4F-00-4F-00-5B-00-5B-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-72-00-00-00-80-3F-07-1F-D5-3C-00-00-00-00-00-02-DE-2A-00-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-78-00-78-00-4F-00-4F-00-5B-00-5B-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-71-00-00-00-80-3F-DD-C0-1C-3C-00-00-00-00-00-02-DD-2A-00-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-6F-00-6F-00-4F-00-4F-00-5A-00-5A-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-00-00-AC-41-00-00-AC-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-B8-41-00-00-00-00-31-00-97-96-96-3E-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-01-9B-17-00-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-1D-00-62-00-62-00-4F-00-4F-00-59-00-59-00-58-00-58-00-5A-00-CD-CC-A8-41-CD-CC-A8-41-33-33-BB-41-33-33-BB-41-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00

我知道根据这些信息，以下数字与游戏中发生的情况不符：

当前档位应该是： 1. 这是我知道的一个事实。

重飞百分比应低于 100%

温度应该低很多，

RPM 太高了（可能在 10000 左右是正常的）。

我希望这些信息就足够了。

【问题讨论】：

数据的字节序是什么？你是如何序列化这些数据的？是相反的相同代码吗？基本上，我担心填充； PacketHeader 的大小是 32，但您可能期望 23 还是什么？对吗？
@MarcGravell 感谢您的快速回复！我所知道的是他们在 LittleEndian 中解码数组。我知道这意味着什么，但不知道如何处理它。我也不知道序列化是什么。我对此有点陌生...如果您不介意我想了解更多信息，因此如果您可以稍微解释一下或将我引导到可以了解它的某个网页，我会真的很感激。亲切的问候，
很多桌面 CPU 也是 little-endian，所以：它可以工作吗？你有一个我可以在这里查看的示例有效负载，十六进制和预期值。碰巧，这是我的专业领域。
@MarcGravell 我会尽快将十六进制发送给您，但我不明白预期值。我只是得到一大行十六进制代码，所有信息都存储在那里。至于你在下面的回答，我已经让 packetheader 工作了，但其余的都没有。
我很乐意帮助您尝试解决这个问题，但是：这是 1347 字节 - 这是什么意思？一个标头和一个遥测？大量的标题和遥测一个接一个？一个标题和很多遥测？它对于每个人来说都太大了...帮助我了解我在这里看到的内容

标签： c# arrays struct udp

【解决方案1】：

假设这是与填充有关的布局问题，您可以使用显式字段布局将字段放置在您期望的位置。但是，如果还存在 endianness 问题，则会更加复杂。如果我们忽略字节顺序，也许：

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Pack = 0, Size = 23)]
    public struct PacketHeader
    {
        public static PacketHeader Read(ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes)
            => MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, PacketHeader>(bytes)[0];
        public void Write(Span<byte> bytes)
            => MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, PacketHeader>(bytes)[0] = this;

        [FieldOffset(0)]
        public ushort m_packetFormat;         // 2019
        [FieldOffset(2)]
        public byte m_gameMajorVersion;     // Game major version - "X.00"
        [FieldOffset(3)]
        public byte m_gameMinorVersion;     // Game minor version - "1.XX"
        [FieldOffset(4)]
        public byte m_packetVersion;        // Version of this packet type, all start from 1
        [FieldOffset(5)]
        public byte m_packetId;             // Identifier for the packet type, see below
        [FieldOffset(6)]
        public ulong m_sessionUID;           // Unique identifier for the session
        [FieldOffset(14)]
        public float m_sessionTime;          // Session timestamp
        [FieldOffset(18)]
        public uint m_frameIdentifier;      // Identifier for the frame the data was retrieved on
        [FieldOffset(22)]
        public byte m_playerCarIndex;       // Index of player's car in the array
    };

还要注意这里使用MemoryMarshal，这使得强制转换更容易。 byte[] 可以被视为一个跨度。

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

我们来了；这里有几件事要看；首先是规范中的[4] 等是指这些东西的固定数量，而不是其中一个 - 查看轮胎温度等；现在，您可以在 C# 中使用 fixed 缓冲区来执行此操作，但是使用起来真的很痛苦，因为它需要 unsafe 代码，所以我只使用了一些自定义四边形类型；我还明确列出了所有结构。我没有将标题读取两次，而是将其按顺序解析为 20 个汽车实例。

结果：占所有字节；演示代码。

using System;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Pack = 0, Size = 23)]
public struct PacketHeader
{
    [FieldOffset(0)]
    public ushort m_packetFormat;         // 2019
    [FieldOffset(2)]
    public byte m_gameMajorVersion;     // Game major version - "X.00"
    [FieldOffset(3)]
    public byte m_gameMinorVersion;     // Game minor version - "1.XX"
    [FieldOffset(4)]
    public byte m_packetVersion;        // Version of this packet type, all start from 1
    [FieldOffset(5)]
    public PacketType m_packetId;             // Identifier for the packet type, see below
    [FieldOffset(6)]
    public ulong m_sessionUID;           // Unique identifier for the session
    [FieldOffset(14)]
    public float m_sessionTime;          // Session timestamp
    [FieldOffset(18)]
    public uint m_frameIdentifier;      // Identifier for the frame the data was retrieved on
    [FieldOffset(22)]
    public byte m_playerCarIndex;       // Index of player's car in the array
};

public enum PacketType : byte
{
    Motion = 0, // Contains all motion data for player’s car – only sent while player is in control

    Session = 1,// Data about the session – track, time left

    LapData = 2,//  Data about all the lap times of cars in the session

    Event = 3, // Various notable events that happen during a session

    Participants = 4, // List of participants in the session, mostly relevant for multiplayer

    CarSetups = 5, // Packet detailing car setups for cars in the race

    CarTelemetry = 6,  // Telemetry data for all cars

    CarStatus = 7 //  Status data for all cars such as damage
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Pack = 0, Size = 63)]
public struct CarTelemetryData
{
    [FieldOffset(0)]
    public ushort m_speed;                    // Speed of car in kilometres per hour
    [FieldOffset(2)]
    public float m_throttle;                 // Amount of throttle applied (0.0 to 1.0)
    [FieldOffset(6)]
    public float m_steer;                    // Steering (-1.0 (full lock left) to 1.0 (full lock right))
    [FieldOffset(10)]
    public float m_brake;                    // Amount of brake applied (0.0 to 1.0)
    [FieldOffset(14)]
    public byte m_clutch;                   // Amount of clutch applied (0 to 100)
    [FieldOffset(15)]
    public sbyte m_gear;                     // Gear selected (1-8, N=0, R=-1)
    [FieldOffset(16)]
    public ushort m_engineRPM;                // Engine RPM
    [FieldOffset(18)]
    public byte m_drs;                      // 0 = off, 1 = on
    [FieldOffset(19)]
    public byte m_revLightsPercent;         // Rev lights indicator (percentage)
    [FieldOffset(20)]
    public UInt16Quad m_brakesTemperature;     // Brakes temperature (celsius)
    [FieldOffset(28)]
    public UInt16Quad m_tyresSurfaceTemperature; // Tyres surface temperature (celsius)
    [FieldOffset(36)]
    public UInt16Quad m_tyresInnerTemperature; // Tyres inner temperature (celsius)
    [FieldOffset(44)]
    public ushort m_engineTemperature;        // Engine temperature (celsius)
    [FieldOffset(46)]
    public SingleQuad tyresPressure;         // Tyres pressure (PSI)
    [FieldOffset(62)]
    public ByteQuad m_surfaceType;           // Driving surface, see appendice
};
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Pack = 0, Size = 8)]
public struct UInt16Quad
{
    [FieldOffset(0)]
    public ushort A;
    [FieldOffset(2)]
    public ushort B;
    [FieldOffset(6)]
    public ushort C;
    [FieldOffset(6)]
    public ushort D;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Pack = 0, Size = 16)]
public struct SingleQuad
{
    [FieldOffset(0)]
    public float A;
    [FieldOffset(4)]
    public float B;
    [FieldOffset(8)]
    public float C;
    [FieldOffset(12)]
    public float D;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Pack = 0, Size = 4)]
public struct ByteQuad
{
    [FieldOffset(0)]
    public byte A;
    [FieldOffset(1)]
    public byte B;
    [FieldOffset(2)]
    public byte C;
    [FieldOffset(3)]
    public byte D;
}
static class P
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine(Unsafe.SizeOf<PacketHeader>());
        Console.WriteLine(Unsafe.SizeOf<CarTelemetryData>());
        Console.WriteLine(bytes.Length);
        ReadOnlySpan<byte> remaining = bytes;
        var header = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, PacketHeader>(remaining)[0];
        remaining = remaining.Slice(Unsafe.SizeOf<PacketHeader>());
        Console.WriteLine($"{header.m_packetFormat} {header.m_gameMajorVersion}, {header.m_gameMinorVersion}: {header.m_packetId}");
        switch (header.m_packetId)
        {
            case PacketType.CarTelemetry:
                // we expect 20*CarTelemetryData, then a uint of the buttons
                // note we *could* use a fixed buffer for this, but... that's really very
                // awkward to work with; let's try this instead
                int carIndex = 0;
                foreach (var telemetry in MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, CarTelemetryData>(remaining).Slice(0, 20))
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"car: {carIndex}, speed: {telemetry.m_speed}, throttle: {telemetry.m_throttle}");
                    var temps = telemetry.m_tyresInnerTemperature;
                    Console.WriteLine($"  type temps: {temps.A}/{temps.B}/{temps.C}/{temps.D}");
                }
                remaining = remaining.Slice(20 * Unsafe.SizeOf<CarTelemetryData>());
                var buttons = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, uint>(remaining)[0];
                Console.WriteLine($"Buttons: {buttons}");
                remaining = remaining.Slice(sizeof(uint));
                Console.WriteLine($"Unaccounted for: {remaining.Length}");
                break;
        }

    }

    static readonly byte[] bytes = new byte[] {
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}

【讨论】：