Maven 重用来自 Super POM 的属性答案

【问题标题】：Maven reuse properties from Super POMMaven 重用来自 Super POM 的属性
【发布时间】：2015-09-04 14:24:22
【问题描述】：

我想使用 Super POM 中定义的属性：

<properties>
    <jcl-over-slf4j.version>1.7.5</jcl-over-slf4j.version>
    <jdk.version>1.7</jdk.version>
    <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
    <junit.version>4.11</junit.version>
    <logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version>
    <spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
 </properties>

在我项目的POM.xml文件中：

<dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
      <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
          <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
          <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
</dependency>

但我收到以下错误：

[ERROR]     'dependencies.dependency.version' for org.springframework:spring-core:jar must be a valid version but is '${spring.version}'. @ line 22, column 16

然后我必须将相同的属性添加到我的项目的 POM.xml 以使其工作。有没有另一种方法可以做到这一点，这样做似乎真的效率很低。顺便说一句，我是 Maven 新手。

超级POM：

 <!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!--                                                                        -->
<!-- Generated on 2015-09-04T05:07:36                                       -->
<!--                                                                        -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->

<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!--                                                                        -->
<!-- Effective POM for project                                              -->
<!-- 'com.mycompany.webapp:web-app:war:1.0-SNAPSHOT'                        -->
<!--                                                                        -->
<!-- ====================================================================== -->

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.mycompany.webapp</groupId>
  <artifactId>web-app</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <name>web-app Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <jcl-over-slf4j.version>1.7.5</jcl-over-slf4j.version>
    <jdk.version>1.7</jdk.version>
    <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
    <junit.version>4.11</junit.version>
    <logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version>
    <spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>4.1.1.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
      <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
          <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
          <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
        </exclusion>
      </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
      <version>1.7.5</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
      <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
      <version>1.0.13</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>4.1.1.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>4.1.1.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Central Repository</name>
      <url>http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
    </repository>
  </repositories>

  <pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <releases>
        <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
      </releases>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Central Repository</name>
      <url>http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
    </pluginRepository>
  </pluginRepositories>

  <build>
    <sourceDirectory>/Users/marcelo/Documents/MavenTest/web-app/src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
    <scriptSourceDirectory>/Users/marcelo/Documents/MavenTest/web-app/src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
    <testSourceDirectory>/Users/marcelo/Documents/MavenTest/web-app/src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>
    <outputDirectory>/Users/marcelo/Documents/MavenTest/web-app/target/classes</outputDirectory>
    <testOutputDirectory>/Users/marcelo/Documents/MavenTest/web-app/target/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>

    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>/Users/marcelo/Documents/MavenTest/web-app/src/main/resources</directory>
      </resource>
    </resources>

    <testResources>
      <testResource>
        <directory>/Users/marcelo/Documents/MavenTest/web-app/src/test/resources</directory>
      </testResource>
    </testResources>

    <directory>/Users/marcelo/Documents/MavenTest/web-app/target</directory>
    <finalName>web-app</finalName>

    <pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>1.3</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.2-beta-5</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.0</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>

    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.1</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-clean</id>
            <phase>clean</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>clean</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.1</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-install</id>
            <phase>install</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>install</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-resources</id>
            <phase>process-resources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>resources</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-testResources</id>
            <phase>process-test-resources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>testResources</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.10</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-test</id>
            <phase>test</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>test</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.2</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-testCompile</id>
            <phase>test-compile</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>testCompile</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-compile</id>
            <phase>compile</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>compile</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.1</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-war</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>war</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.7</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-deploy</id>
            <phase>deploy</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>deploy</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.0</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-site</id>
            <phase>site</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>site</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <outputDirectory>/Users/marcelo/Documents/MavenTest/web-app/target/site</outputDirectory>
              <reportPlugins>
                <reportPlugin>
                  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                  <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
                </reportPlugin>
              </reportPlugins>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-deploy</id>
            <phase>site-deploy</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>deploy</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <outputDirectory>/Users/marcelo/Documents/MavenTest/web-app/target/site</outputDirectory>
              <reportPlugins>
                <reportPlugin>
                  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                  <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
                </reportPlugin>
              </reportPlugins>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
        <configuration>
          <outputDirectory>/Users/marcelo/Documents/MavenTest/web-app/target/site</outputDirectory>
          <reportPlugins>
            <reportPlugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
              <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
            </reportPlugin>
          </reportPlugins>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

  <reporting>
    <outputDirectory>/Users/marcelo/Documents/MavenTest/web-app/target/site</outputDirectory>
  </reporting>
</project>

POM.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.mycompany.webapp</groupId>
  <artifactId>web-app</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>web-app Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    <properties>
        <jcl-over-slf4j.version>1.7.5</jcl-over-slf4j.version>
        <jdk.version>1.7</jdk.version>
        <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
        <junit.version>4.11</junit.version>
        <logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version>
        <spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

      <!-- Spring Core -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
          <exclusions>
              <exclusion>
                  <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
                  <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
              </exclusion>
          </exclusions>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
          <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
          <version>${jcl-over-slf4j.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
          <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
          <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
          <version>${logback.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
          <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <!-- jstl -->
      <dependency>
          <groupId>jstl</groupId>
          <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
          <version>${jstl.version}</version>
      </dependency>

  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>web-app</finalName>
  </build>
</project>

【问题讨论】：

有效的 pom 是 maven 实际用于构建项目的东西。它是父 pom、应用程序 pom 和设置的组合。所以你确定你所说的有效pom是什么意思？你的项目结构是什么？
是的，我指的是 POM。该结构是 IntelliJ 为 maven web 应用程序创建的标准结构。
因为这应该有效，请发布 POM 和有效的 POM。
我添加了这两个文件，如您所见，我必须将有效 POM 中的相同属性放入项目的 POM.xml 文件中。
你的 pom 看起来不错，我在我的 eclipse 中试过了，它的构建没有任何问题。通过在你的 pom 中错误列出的附加行 line 22 与 spring 无关，你确定你正在构建正确的项目吗？

标签： java maven properties pom.xml parent-pom

【解决方案1】：

为了使用父 pom 的属性，您的子项目必须从父项目扩展。但是为了扩展，你的父 pom 包装必须是pom 而不是war。恕我直言，最好创建一个真正的父 pom 并将所有属性放在那里，而不是从该项目扩展其他两个 Web 应用程序。

这是一个例子；

父 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.mycompany.webapp</groupId>
    <artifactId>parent-pom</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <name>parent-pom</name>

    <properties>
        <jcl-over-slf4j.version>1.7.5</jcl-over-slf4j.version>
        <jdk.version>1.7</jdk.version>
        <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
        <junit.version>4.11</junit.version>
        <logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version>
        <spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version>

    </properties>


    <modules>
        <module>web-app-1</module>
        <module>web-app-2</module>
    </modules>

</project>

比你不同的项目（例如我将使用web-app-1 和web-app-2）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
      <groupId>com.mycompany.webapp</groupId>
      <artifactId>parent-pom</artifactId>
      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.mycompany.webapp</groupId>
    <artifactId>web-app-1</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    ...
</project>

还有

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
      <groupId>com.mycompany.webapp</groupId>
      <artifactId>parent-pom</artifactId>
      <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.mycompany.webapp</groupId>
    <artifactId>web-app-2</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    ...
</project>

你的项目结构将是

project-root
-- pom.xml (this is parent pom)
-- web-app-1
---- pom.xml
-- web-app-2
---- pom.xml

如果您有本地 maven 存储库（nexus、artifactory 等），您甚至可以以不同的方式发布父 pom 和子模块。

如果您想覆盖某个属性，只需在您的子项目（web-app-1 和 web-app-2）中重新定义它

【讨论】：

这看起来是一个不错的选择，但是在项目的根目录中拥有一个父 POM 文件以便其他项目可以继承它是一种好习惯吗？因为那里有一个 POM 文件看起来有点不合适。
@Frak 我认为拥有父 pom 是一个好习惯。例如，让我们看看apache camel's source 代码。在 project-root 中，它有一个 parent-pom，所有子模块都继承它。此外，parent-pom 从 maven 存储库继承 apache 的默认父 pom。 Apache camel 使用了我上面提到的两种观点。
很好的例子，感谢您提供的信息和链接！

【解决方案2】：

你所说的有效 POM 听起来像一个父 POM。

你的 POM 需要这个

<parent>
  <groupId>com.mycompany.webapp</groupId>
  <artifactId>web-app</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>

【讨论】：