Python-在具有独立处理的循环中创建对象实例

Question

我有一个简单的选举程序。以下是要求：

1. class Politician
2. 随机投票。

3. 将政治家的数量作为用户的输入。

   num_politicians = input("The number of politicians: ")
   

4. 循环和创建实例

   names = []
   for x in range(num_politicians):
       new_name = input("Name: ")
       while new_name in names:
           new_name = input("Please enter another name: ")
       names.append(new_name)
   
       #### This part is the crux of my problem
       ### Create instances of the Politician class
       #### I want to do this in a way so that i can independently 
       #### handle each instance when i randomize and assign votes
   

我看过：

1. How do you create different variable names while in a loop? (Python)
2. Python: Create instance of an object in a loop

但是我找不到解决问题的方法

政客类如下：

class Politician:

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = str(name)
        self.age = age
        self.votes = 0

    def change(self):
        self.votes = self.votes + 1

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name + ": " + str(self.votes)

所需的输出：

>>> The Number of politicians: 3
>>> Name: John
>>> Name: Joseph
>>> Name: Mary
>>> Processing...
(I use time.sleep(1.0) here)
>>> Mary: 8 votes
>>> John: 2 votes
>>> Joseph: 1 vote

我的问题在一个陈述中

我想在 for 循环中创建类实例，以便我可以随机分配投票（我想这需要我独立处理实例。）

任何帮助将不胜感激。

Answer 1

您可以将实例存储在列表中：

politicians = []
for name in 'ABC':
    politicians.append(Politician(name))

现在您可以访问单个实例：

>>> politicians[0].name
'A'

我使用了你的课程的修改版本，如果没有提供，则给每个政治家一个默认年龄：

class Politician:

    def __init__(self, name, age=45):
        self.name = str(name)
        self.age = age
        self.votes = 0

    def change(self):
        self.votes = self.votes + 1

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name + ": " + str(self.votes)

现在您可以使用您的政客名单：

print('The Number of politicians: {}'.format(len(politicians)))

打印：

The Number of politicians: 3

这个：

for politician in politicians:
    print(politician)

打印：

A: 0
B: 0
C: 0

随机投票：

import random

for x in range(100):
    pol = random.choice(politicians)
    pol.votes += 1

现在：

for politician in politicians:
    print(politician)

打印：

A: 35
B: 37
C: 28

整个程序：

# Assuming Python 3.

class Politician:

    def __init__(self, name, age=45):
        self.name = str(name)
        self.age = age
        self.votes = 0

    def change(self):
        self.votes = self.votes + 1

    def __str__(self):
        return '{}: {} votes'.format(self.name, self.votes)

num_politicians = int(input("The number of politicians: "))
politicians = []
for n in range(num_politicians):
    if n == 0:
        new_name = input("Please enter a name: ")
    else:
        new_name = input("Please enter another name: ")
    politicians.append(Politician(new_name))

print('The Number of politicians: {}'.format(len(politicians)))
for politician in politicians:
    print(politician)

print('Processing ...')
for x in range(100):
    pol = random.choice(politicians)
    pol.votes += 1

for politician in politicians:
    print(politician)

及用法：

The number of politicians: 3
Please enter a name: John
Please enter another name: Joseph
Please enter another name: Mary
The Number of politicians: 3
John: 0 votes
Joseph: 0 votes
Mary: 0 votes
Processing ...
John: 25 votes
Joseph: 39 votes
Mary: 36 votes

更新

正如@martineau 所建议的那样，对于现实生活中的问题，字典会更多 有用。

创建字典而不是列表：

politicians = {}

当您添加实例时，在循环中我们将名称作为键：

politicians[new_name] = Politician(new_name)