使用 c# 和正则表达式解析日志文件

Question

我有一个大的日志文件，看起来像下面的 3 行示例。

\LogFiles\W3SVC1\u_ex12.log:32:2015-01-04 07:11:22 &actor=%7B%22name%22%3A%5B%22Smith%2C%20Steve%22%5D%2C%22mbox%22%3A%5B%22mailto%3ASmith.Steve%40xyz.com%22%5D%7D&
\LogFiles\W3SVC1\u_ex12.log:32:2015-06-08 02:04:13 &actor=%7B%22name%22%3A%5B%22Brown%2C%20Bob%22%5D%2C%22mbox%22%3A%5B%22mailto%3ABrown.Bob%40xyz.com%22%5D%7D&
\LogFiles\W3SVC1\u_ex12.log:32:2014-08-02 05:50:37 &actor=%7B%22name%22%3A%5B%22Franklin%2C%20Francis%22%5D%2C%22mbox%22%3A%5B%22mailto%3AFranklin.Francis%40xyz.com%22%5D%7D&

我需要提取隐藏在日志文件中的日期、名称和 mailto 字段。

我尝试使用在线正则表达式生成器，但在它似乎变得笨拙之前只到了这一步。

using System;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
  class Program
  {
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      //test string
      string txt="\LogFiles\W3SVC1\u_ex12.log:32:2014-08-02 05:50:37 &actor=%7B%22name%22%3A%5B%22Franklin%2C%20Francis%22%5D%2C%22mbox%22%3A%5B%22mailto%3AFranklin.Francis%40xyz.com%22%5D%7D&";

  string re1=".*?"; // Non-greedy match on filler
  string re2="((?:(?:[1]{1}\\d{1}\\d{1}\\d{1})|(?:[2]{1}\\d{3}))[-:\\/.](?:[0]?[1-9]|[1][012])[-:\\/.](?:(?:[0-2]?\\d{1})|(?:[3][01]{1})))(?![\\d])";   // YYYYMMDD 1

  Regex r = new Regex(re1+re2,RegexOptions.IgnoreCase|RegexOptions.Singleline);
  Match m = r.Match(txt);
  if (m.Success)
  {
        String yyyymmdd1=m.Groups[1].ToString();
        Console.Write("("+yyyymmdd1.ToString()+")"+"\n");
  }
  Console.ReadLine();
}
  }
 }

有没有办法在 c# 中使用或不使用正则表达式来做到这一点？

谢谢！

Answer 1

假设您使用正则表达式并且它是这种广义的行形式，这样的东西应该可以工作 -

(?m)^\S+:(?<Date>\d+-\d+-\d+)\s(?:(?!&actor=).)+&actor=(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})*name(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})*(?<LastName>(?:(?!%[0-9a-fA-F]{2}|mbox).)+)(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})+(?<FirstName>(?:(?!%[0-9a-fA-F]{2}|mbox).)*)(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})*mbox(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})+mailto(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})+(?<MailUser>(?:(?!%[0-9a-fA-F]{2}).)+)(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})+(?<MailDomain>(?:(?!%[0-9a-fA-F]{2}).)+)(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})+&

它使用正则表达式中修饰符组中的多行修饰符(?m)。

格式化：

 (?m)
 ^ 
 \S+ 
 :
 (?<Date>                            #_(1 start)         
      \d+ 
      -
      \d+ 
      -
      \d+ 
 )                                   #_(1 end)         
 \s 

 (?:
      (?! &actor= )
      . 
 )+

 &actor=
 (?: % [0-9a-fA-F]{2} )*
 name
 (?: % [0-9a-fA-F]{2} )*

 (?<LastName>                        #_(2 start)         
      (?:
           (?! % [0-9a-fA-F]{2} | mbox )
           . 
      )+
 )                                   #_(2 end)         


 (?: % [0-9a-fA-F]{2} )+

 (?<FirstName>                       #_(3 start)         
      (?:
           (?! % [0-9a-fA-F]{2} | mbox )
           . 
      )*
 )                                   #_(3 end)         

 (?: % [0-9a-fA-F]{2} )*

 mbox
 (?: % [0-9a-fA-F]{2} )+
 mailto


 (?: % [0-9a-fA-F]{2} )+


 (?<MailUser>                        #_(4 start)         
      (?:
           (?! % [0-9a-fA-F]{2} )
           . 
      )+
 )                                   #_(4 end)         

 (?: % [0-9a-fA-F]{2} )+


 (?<MailDomain>                      #_(5 start)         
      (?:
           (?! % [0-9a-fA-F]{2} )
           . 
      )+
 )                                   #_(5 end)         

 (?: % [0-9a-fA-F]{2} )+
 &

输出：

 **  Grp 1 [Date]       -  ( pos 31 , len 10 ) 
2015-01-04  
 **  Grp 2 [LastName]   -  ( pos 80 , len 5 ) 
Smith  
 **  Grp 3 [FirstName]  -  ( pos 91 , len 5 ) 
Steve  
 **  Grp 4 [MailUser]   -  ( pos 133 , len 11 ) 
Smith.Steve  
 **  Grp 5 [MailDomain] -  ( pos 147 , len 7 ) 
xyz.com  

---------------------

 **  Grp 1 [Date]       -  ( pos 197 , len 10 ) 
2015-06-08  
 **  Grp 2 [LastName]   -  ( pos 246 , len 5 ) 
Brown  
 **  Grp 3 [FirstName]  -  ( pos 257 , len 3 ) 
Bob  
 **  Grp 4 [MailUser]   -  ( pos 297 , len 9 ) 
Brown.Bob  
 **  Grp 5 [MailDomain] -  ( pos 309 , len 7 ) 
xyz.com  

----------------------

 **  Grp 1 [Date]       -  ( pos 359 , len 10 ) 
2014-08-02  
 **  Grp 2 [LastName]   -  ( pos 408 , len 8 ) 
Franklin  
 **  Grp 3 [FirstName]  -  ( pos 422 , len 7 ) 
Francis  
 **  Grp 4 [MailUser]   -  ( pos 466 , len 16 ) 
Franklin.Francis  
 **  Grp 5 [MailDomain] -  ( pos 485 , len 7 ) 
xyz.com  

此外，稍作修改，您可以将它们全部放入 CaptureCollection 列表
在一场比赛中。

C#

string log =
@"
\LogFiles\W3SVC1\u_ex12.log:32:2015-01-04 07:11:22 &actor=%7B%22name%22%3A%5B%22Smith%2C%20Steve%22%5D%2C%22mbox%22%3A%5B%22mailto%3ASmith.Steve%40xyz.com%22%5D%7D&
\LogFiles\W3SVC1\u_ex12.log:32:2015-06-08 02:04:13 &actor=%7B%22name%22%3A%5B%22Brown%2C%20Bob%22%5D%2C%22mbox%22%3A%5B%22mailto%3ABrown.Bob%40xyz.com%22%5D%7D&
\LogFiles\W3SVC1\u_ex12.log:32:2014-08-02 05:50:37 &actor=%7B%22name%22%3A%5B%22Franklin%2C%20Francis%22%5D%2C%22mbox%22%3A%5B%22mailto%3AFranklin.Francis%40xyz.com%22%5D%7D&

sfgbadfbdfbadfbdab
junk .........

\LogFiles\W3SVC1\u_ex12.log:32:2014-08-02 05:50:37 &actor=%7B%22name%22%3A%5B%22Smith%2C%20Joe%22%5D%2C%22mbox%22%3A%5B%22mailto%3ASmith.Joe%40xyz.com%22%5D%7D&
\LogFiles\W3SVC1\u_ex12.log:32:2014-08-02 05:50:37 &actor=%7B%22name%22%3A%5B%22Doe%2C%20Jane%22%5D%2C%22mbox%22%3A%5B%22mailto%3ADoe.Jane%40xyz.com%22%5D%7D&
";

Regex RxLog = new Regex(@"(?m)(?:^\S+:(?<Date>\d+-\d+-\d+)\s(?:(?!&actor=).)+&actor=(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})*name(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})*(?<LastName>(?:(?!%[0-9a-fA-F]{2}|mbox).)+)(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})+(?<FirstName>(?:(?!%[0-9a-fA-F]{2}|mbox).)*)(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})*mbox(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})+mailto(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})+(?<MailUser>(?:(?!%[0-9a-fA-F]{2}).)+)(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})+(?<MailDomain>(?:(?!%[0-9a-fA-F]{2}).)+)(?:%[0-9a-fA-F]{2})+&\s*|(?:.*\s))+");

Match logMatch = RxLog.Match(log);
if (logMatch.Success)
{

    CaptureCollection ccDate = logMatch.Groups["Date"].Captures;
    CaptureCollection ccLname = logMatch.Groups["LastName"].Captures;
    CaptureCollection ccFname = logMatch.Groups["FirstName"].Captures;
    CaptureCollection ccUser = logMatch.Groups["MailUser"].Captures;
    CaptureCollection ccDomain = logMatch.Groups["MailDomain"].Captures;

    for (int i = 0; i < ccDate.Count; i++)
        Console.WriteLine("{0}  {1}, {2}    {3}@{4}", ccDate[i].Value, ccLname[i].Value, ccFname[i].Value, ccUser[i].Value, ccDomain[i].Value );
}

输出：

2015-01-04  Smith, Steve    Smith.Steve@xyz.com
2015-06-08  Brown, Bob    Brown.Bob@xyz.com
2014-08-02  Franklin, Francis    Franklin.Francis@xyz.com
2014-08-02  Smith, Joe    Smith.Joe@xyz.com
2014-08-02  Doe, Jane    Doe.Jane@xyz.com

Answer 2

你可以做的是将行分成几个部分，然后解码 url 部分，获取 actor 参数，将其反序列化为 Actor 并使用它的属性。一个简单的例子是：

string txt = @"\LogFiles\W3SVC1\u_ex12.log:32:2014-08-02 05:50:37 &actor=%7B%22name%22%3A%5B%22Franklin%2C%20Francis%22%5D%2C%22mbox%22%3A%5B%22mailto%3AFranklin.Francis%40xyz.com%22%5D%7D&";

var parts = txt.Split(' ');

var urlParams = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(parts[2]);
string actorJson = HttpUtility.ParseQueryString(urlParams).Get("actor");
Actor actor = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Actor>(actorJson);

Console.WriteLine(actor.Name + " " + actor.EmailAddress);

您需要添加对 System.Web 和 Json.Net 的引用才能使其正常工作，当然还需要为您的 Actor 类添加一个定义，例如：

namespace MyNamespace
{
    public class Actor
    {
        public string[] name { get; set; }
        public string[] mbox { get; set; }

        public string Name { get { return name[0]; } }
        public string EmailAddress { get { return mbox[0].Replace("mailto:", ""); } }
    }
}

现在您只需获取 File 类的所有行并循环遍历它们中的每一行，然后将所有反序列化的 actor 放入一个 List 或类似的东西中。