为了更准确,让我们用例子来演示,
你不能像下面的例子那样使用 HashSet。
HashSet<string> hashSet1 = new HashSet<string>(){"1","2","3"};
for (int i = 0; i < hashSet1.Count; i++)
Console.WriteLine(hashSet1[i]);
hashSet1[i] 会产生错误:
无法将 [] 索引应用于类型表达式
'System.Collections.Generic.HashSet'
你可以使用foreach语句:
foreach (var item in hashSet1)
Console.WriteLine(item);
您不能将重复的项目添加到 HashSet 而 List 允许您这样做并且
在向 HashSet 添加项目时,可以检查它是否包含该项目。
HashSet<string> hashSet1 = new HashSet<string>(){"1","2","3"};
if (hashSet1.Add("1"))
Console.WriteLine("'1' is successfully added to hashSet1!");
else
Console.WriteLine("'1' could not be added to hashSet1, because it contains '1'");
HashSet 有一些有用的函数,如IntersectWith、UnionWith、IsProperSubsetOf、ExceptWith、SymmetricExceptWith 等。
IsProperSubsetOf:
HashSet<string> hashSet1 = new HashSet<string>() { "1", "2", "3", "4" };
HashSet<string> hashSet2 = new HashSet<string>() { "2", "4", "6", "8" };
HashSet<string> hashSet3 = new HashSet<string>() { "1", "2", "3", "4", "5" };
if (hashSet1.IsProperSubsetOf(hashSet3))
Console.WriteLine("hashSet3 contains all elements of hashSet1.");
if (!hashSet1.IsProperSubsetOf(hashSet2))
Console.WriteLine("hashSet2 does not contains all elements of hashSet1.");
UnionWith:
HashSet<string> hashSet1 = new HashSet<string>() { "3", "4" };
HashSet<string> hashSet2 = new HashSet<string>() { "2", "4", "6", "8" };
hashSet1.UnionWith(hashSet2); //hashSet1 -> 3, 2, 4, 6, 8
IntersectWith:
HashSet<string> hashSet1 = new HashSet<string>() { "3", "4", "8" };
HashSet<string> hashSet2 = new HashSet<string>() { "2", "4", "6", "8" }
hashSet1.IntersectWith(hashSet2);//hashSet1 -> 4, 8
ExceptWith:
HashSet<string> hashSet1 = new HashSet<string>() { "1", "2", "3", "5", "6" };
HashSet<string> hashSet2 = new HashSet<string>() { "1", "2", "3", "4" };
hashSet1.ExceptWith(hashSet2);//hashSet1 -> 5, 6
SymmetricExceptWith:
HashSet<string> hashSet1 = new HashSet<string>() { "1", "2", "3", "5", "6" };
HashSet<string> hashSet2 = new HashSet<string>() { "1", "2", "3", "4" };
hashSet1.SymmetricExceptWith(hashSet2);//hashSet1 -> 4, 5, 6
顺便说一下,HashSets 中没有保留顺序。在示例中,我们最后添加了元素“2”,但它是第二个顺序:
HashSet<string> hashSet1 = new HashSet<string>() { "3", "4", "8" };
hashSet1.Add("1"); // 3, 4, 8, 1
hashSet1.Remove("4"); // 3, 8, 1
hashSet1.Add("2"); // 3, 2 ,8, 1