从多个文件中读取并将数据存储在列表中答案

【问题标题】：Reading from multiple files and storing data in a list从多个文件中读取并将数据存储在列表中
【发布时间】：2023-03-14 12:48:01
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试读取目录中所有文件的打印搜索并将每个文件中的内容存储在要使用的列表中。

我的问题是当我使用 print 来调试文件是否存在时，它会打印出当前文件或列表中的第一个文件。但是，当我尝试从此文件中读取时，它抱怨找不到文件

import re
import os
# Program to extract emails from text files


def path_file():
    #path = raw_input("Please enter path to file:\n> ")
    path = '/home/holy/thinker/leads/'
    return os.listdir('/home/holy/thinker/leads') # returns a list like ["file1.txt", 'image.gif'] # need to remove trailing slashes

# read a file as 1 big string
def in_file():

    print path_file()
    content = []
    for a_file in path_file(): # ['add.txt', 'email.txt']
        print a_file
        fin = open(a_file, 'r') 
        content.append(fin.read()) # store content of each file
        print content
        fin.close()
    return content


print in_file()

# this is the error i get
""" ['add.txt', 'email.txt']
add.txt
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "Extractor.py", line 24, in <module>
    print in_file()
  File "Extractor.py", line 17, in in_file
    fin = open(a_file, 'r') 
IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'add.txt'
"""

我得到的错误是上面的

【问题讨论】：

标签： python python-2.7

【解决方案1】：

os.listdir 将只返回文件名。您必须在该文件名之前添加目录名。

它试图在您运行程序的同一目录中打开add.txt。请在文件名前添加目录名。

def path_file():
    #path = raw_input("Please enter path to file:\n> ")
    path = '/home/holy/thinker/leads/'
    return [os.path.join(path, x) for x in os.listdir(path)]

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

您应该使用要读取的文件的完整路径。

所以请fin = open(os.path.join(r'/home/holy/thinker/leads/', a_file), 'r')

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

这是使用glob 重写以限制考虑哪些文件；

import glob
import os
import re
import sys

if sys.hexversion < 0x3000000:
    # Python 2.x
    inp = raw_input
else:
    # Python 3.xrange
    inp = input

def get_dir(prompt):
    while True:
        dir_name = inp(prompt)
        dir_name = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), dir_name)
        if os.path.isdir(dir_name):
            return dir_name
        else:
            print("{} does not exist or is not a directory".format(dir_name))

def files_in_dir(dir_name, file_spec="*.txt"):
    return glob.glob(os.path.join(dir_name, file_spec))

def file_iter(files):
    for fname in files:
        with open(fname) as inf:
            yield fname, inf.read()

def main():
    email_dir   = get_dir("Please enter email directory: ")
    email_files = files_in_dir(email_dir, "*.eml")

    print(email_files)

    content = [txt for fname,txt in file_iter(email_files)]
    print(content)

if __name__=="__main__":
    main()

试运行看起来像

Please enter email directory: c:\temp
['c:\\temp\\file1.eml', 'c:\\temp\\file2.eml']
['file1 line one\nfile1 line two\nfile1 line three',
 'file2 line one\nfile2 line two']

【讨论】：