无法获得按钮来切换 pygame 中的更改答案

【问题标题】：Cannot get button to toggle a change in pygame无法获得按钮来切换 pygame 中的更改
【发布时间】：2015-12-24 23:33:24
【问题描述】：

我想知道为什么我的“GO”按钮不会切换

def game_start()

在按住按钮时它会永久切换它，但是当你松开按钮时它会返回主菜单？

我也很好奇是否有办法让文本和按钮在游戏开始时你按下开始按钮了吗？

我对 python 还很陌生，所以对于我犯了错误或者需要添加/更改的任何代码，我都会很好地解释一下。

import sys
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
pygame.init()

size = width, height = 720, 480
speed = [2, 2]

#Colours
black = (0,0,0)
blue = (0,0,255)
green = (0,200,0)
red = (200,0,0)
green_bright = (0,255,0)
red_bright = (255,0,0)

screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)

#Pictures
road = pygame.image.load(r"C:\Users\John\Desktop\Michael\V'Room External\1.png")
BackgroundPNG = pygame.image.load(r"C:\Users\John\Desktop\Michael\V'Room External\BackgroundPNG.png")
carImg = pygame.image.load(r"C:\Users\John\Desktop\Michael\V'Room External\Sp1.png").convert_alpha()


pygame.display.set_caption("Broom! || BETA::00.0.3")

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

def text_objects(text, font):
    textSurface = font.render(text, True, black)
    return textSurface, textSurface.get_rect()

def game_intro():
    intro = True

    while intro:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            print(event)
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                quit()

        mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
        click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()

        print(mouse)
        print(click)

        screen.fill(blue)
        screen.blit(BackgroundPNG,(0,0))

        largeText = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf',115)
        TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects("V'Room!", largeText)
        TextRect.center = ((width/2),(height/2))
        screen.blit(TextSurf, TextRect)

        #Button
        if 75+100 > mouse[0] > 75 and 400+50 > mouse[1] > 400:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, green_bright,(75,400,100,50))

            if click != None and click[0] == 1:
                print("GO == 1 ! == None")
                x = 350
                y = 370
                game_start()
        else:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, green,(75,400,100,50))

        smallText = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf",20)
        TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects("GO", smallText)
        TextRect.center = ((75+(100/2)),(400+(50/2)))
        screen.blit(TextSurf, TextRect)

        if 550+100 > mouse[0] > 550 and 400+50 > mouse[1] > 400:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, red_bright,(550,400,100,50))

            if click != None and click[0] == 1:
                pygame.quit()
                quit()
        else:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, red,(550,400,100,50))

        TextSurf, TextRect = text_objects("Exit", smallText)
        TextRect.center = ((550+(100/2)),(400+(50/2)))
        screen.blit(TextSurf, TextRect)

        pygame.display.flip()
        pygame.display.update()
        clock.tick(15)

def game_start():
   print("Car Loaded Sucessfully")
   screen.blit(road, (0,0))
   screen.blit(carImg, (350,370))

game_intro()

【问题讨论】：

game_start 中没有什么可以让它保持切换状态。它需要一些带有自己的pygame.event.get()、screen.blit、pygame.display.flip() 等的循环。
pygame.display.flip() 和 pygame.display.update() 做几乎相同的事情 - 只使用其中一个。
另一种解决方案：使用变量game_started = True而不是函数game_start()，然后使用if game_started:在while intro循环中绘制汽车。
我已将其更改为“def game_start():”，但它会将 intro 更改为 false。所以代码只是一直跳到game_start，而不是一直循环并重新启动主菜单。我不太确定这是否正确。我已经尝试了 game_started True 并且它让我黑屏

标签： python button pygame transition

【解决方案1】：

解决方案之一是使用game_started 变量而不是函数game_start() 并使用它来决定绘制什么 - 标题或汽车和道路，GO 或 STOP 按钮等。

我使用矩形代替位图来制作完整的工作示例。

import pygame

# --- constants ----

size = width, height = 720, 480
speed = [2, 2]

#Colours

black = (0,0,0)
blue = (0,0,255)
green = (0,200,0)
red = (200,0,0)
green_bright = (0,255,0)
red_bright = (255,0,0)

# --- functions ---

def text_objects(text, font):
    textSurface = font.render(text, True, black)
    return textSurface, textSurface.get_rect()


def game_intro():

    largeText = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf',115)
    smallText = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf",20)

    text_vroom, text_vroom_rect = text_objects("V'Room!", largeText)
    text_vroom_rect.center = ((width/2),(height/2))

    text_go, text_go_rect = text_objects("GO", smallText)
    text_go_rect.center = ((75+(100/2)),(400+(50/2)))

    text_stop, text_stop_rect = text_objects("STOP", smallText)
    text_stop_rect.center = ((75+(100/2)),(400+(50/2)))

    text_exit, text_exit_rect = text_objects("Exit", smallText)
    text_exit_rect.center = ((550+(100/2)),(400+(50/2)))

    game_started = False 

    intro = True

    while intro:

        for event in pygame.event.get():
            print(event)
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                quit()

        mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
        click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()

        screen.fill(blue)
        #screen.blit(BackgroundPNG,(0,0))


        # road and car - or title

        if game_started:
           screen.blit(road, (0,0))
           screen.blit(carImg, (350,370))
        else:
            screen.blit(text_vroom, text_vroom_rect)

        # Button GO/STOP

        if 75+100 > mouse[0] > 75 and 400+50 > mouse[1] > 400:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, green_bright,(75,400,100,50))

            if click != None and click[0] == 1:
                # toggle True/False
                game_started = not game_started
        else:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, green,(75,400,100,50))

        # draw GO or STOP
        if not game_started:
            screen.blit(text_go, text_go_rect)
        else:
            screen.blit(text_stop, text_stop_rect)

        # Button EXIT

        if 550+100 > mouse[0] > 550 and 400+50 > mouse[1] > 400:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, red_bright,(550,400,100,50))

            if click != None and click[0] == 1:
                pygame.quit()
                quit()
        else:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, red,(550,400,100,50))

        screen.blit(text_exit, text_exit_rect)

        pygame.display.flip()

        clock.tick(15)

# --- main ---

pygame.init()

screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
pygame.display.set_caption("Broom! || BETA::00.0.3")

#Pictures
road = pygame.surface.Surface( size )
road.fill(black)

carImg =  pygame.surface.Surface( (10,10) )
road.fill(green)

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

game_intro()

编辑： 第二种解决方案是使用自己的 while 循环、自己的按钮等创建函数 (game_running)。

我不得不使用pygame.time.wait()，因为pygame.mouse.get_pressed() 不是单击按钮的好功能。计算机（和while 循环）太快（人工点击）和pygame.mouse.get_pressed() 切换按钮多次。最好使用pygame.event.get() 进行单击。

import pygame

# --- constants ----

size = width, height = 720, 480
speed = [2, 2]

#Colours

black = (0,0,0)
blue = (0,0,255)
green = (0,200,0)
red = (200,0,0)
green_bright = (0,255,0)
red_bright = (255,0,0)

# --- functions ---

def text_objects(text, font):
    textSurface = font.render(text, True, black)
    return textSurface, textSurface.get_rect()


def game_intro():

    text_vroom, text_vroom_rect = text_objects("V'Room!", largeText)
    text_vroom_rect.center = ((width/2),(height/2))

    text_go, text_go_rect = text_objects("GO", smallText)
    text_go_rect.center = ((75+(100/2)),(400+(50/2)))

    text_exit, text_exit_rect = text_objects("Exit", smallText)
    text_exit_rect.center = ((550+(100/2)),(400+(50/2)))

    running = True

    while running:

        for event in pygame.event.get():
            print(event)
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                quit()

        mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
        click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()

        screen.fill(blue)
        screen.blit(text_vroom, text_vroom_rect)

        # Button GO

        if 75+100 > mouse[0] > 75 and 400+50 > mouse[1] > 400:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, green_bright,(75,400,100,50))

            if click != None and click[0] == 1:
                # wait because `pygame.mouse.get_pressed()` is too fast for human clik
                pygame.time.wait(100)
                # run game
                game_running()
        else:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, green,(75,400,100,50))

        screen.blit(text_go, text_go_rect)

        # Button EXIT

        if 550+100 > mouse[0] > 550 and 400+50 > mouse[1] > 400:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, red_bright,(550,400,100,50))

            if click != None and click[0] == 1:
                pygame.quit()
                quit()
        else:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, red,(550,400,100,50))

        screen.blit(text_exit, text_exit_rect)

        pygame.display.flip()

        clock.tick(15)

def game_running():

    text_stop, text_stop_rect = text_objects("STOP", smallText)
    text_stop_rect.center = ((75+(100/2)),(400+(50/2)))

    text_exit, text_exit_rect = text_objects("Exit", smallText)
    text_exit_rect.center = ((550+(100/2)),(400+(50/2)))

    running = True

    while running:

        for event in pygame.event.get():
            print(event)
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                quit()

        mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
        click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()

        screen.fill(blue)
        #screen.blit(BackgroundPNG,(0,0))


        # road and car - or title

        screen.blit(road, (0,0))
        screen.blit(carImg, (350,370))

        # Button STOP

        if 75+100 > mouse[0] > 75 and 400+50 > mouse[1] > 400:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, green_bright,(75,400,100,50))

            if click != None and click[0] == 1:
                # return to menu
                return
        else:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, green,(75,400,100,50))

        # draw STOP
        screen.blit(text_stop, text_stop_rect)

        # Button EXIT

        if 550+100 > mouse[0] > 550 and 400+50 > mouse[1] > 400:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, red_bright,(550,400,100,50))

            if click != None and click[0] == 1:
                pygame.quit()
                quit()
        else:
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, red,(550,400,100,50))

        screen.blit(text_exit, text_exit_rect)

        pygame.display.flip()

        clock.tick(15)


# --- main ---

pygame.init()

screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
pygame.display.set_caption("Broom! || BETA::00.0.3")

# pictures
road = pygame.surface.Surface( size )
road.fill(black)

carImg =  pygame.surface.Surface( (10,10) )
road.fill(green)

# fonts
largeText = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf',115)
smallText = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf",20)

# others

clock = pygame.time.Clock()

game_intro()

【讨论】：