Tk 按钮抛出错误：在调用时恰好采用 1 个参数（给定 0）

Question

我的代码中的问题是，当我单击 topLevel() 窗口上的提交按钮时，它给了我标题中列出的错误。如果我尝试输入top.submit_button，则会引发submit_button 不是topLevel() 的一部分的错误。我已经搜索了整个stackoverflow，但没有发现与此类似的问题。我是 Python GUI 编程的新手，非常感谢您的帮助。

class SampleApp(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self)

        self.KTitle = tk.Label(self, text="Login ")
        self.KTitle.grid(row=7,column=0, columnspan=2)
        self.KUsername = tk.Label(self, text="Username: ")
        self.KUsername.grid(row=8,column=0, sticky=E)
        self.KPassword = tk.Label(self, text="Password: ")
        self.KPassword.grid(row=9,column=0, sticky=E)
        self.KUEntry = tk.Entry(self, width=15)
        self.KUEntry.grid(row=8,column=1, sticky=E)
        self.KUPass = tk.Entry(self, width=15)
        self.KUPass.grid(row=9,column=1, sticky=E)

        self.KUSubmit = tk.Button(self, text="Submit")
        self.KUSubmit.grid(row=10, column=0, columnspan=2)

        self.KTitle = tk.Label(self, text=" or ")
        self.KTitle.grid(row=11,column=0, columnspan=2)

        self.KUSubmit = tk.Button(self, text="Create an Account", command=self.create_button)
        self.KUSubmit.grid(row=12, column=0, columnspan=2)

    def create_button(self):

        top = Toplevel()

        top.TitleHead = tk.Label(top, text="Create an Account ")
        top.TitleHead.grid(row=0,column=2, columnspan=3)

        #userInput
        top.f_name = tk.Label(top, text="First Name: ")
        top.f_name.grid(row=1,column=2, sticky=W)
        top.Entry1 = tk.Entry(top, width=15)
        top.Entry1.grid(row=1,column=3, sticky=W)
        top.l_name = tk.Label(top, text="Last Name: ")
        top.l_name.grid(row=2,column=2, sticky=W)
        top.Entry2 = tk.Entry(top,width=15)
        top.Entry2.grid(row=2,column=3, sticky=W)
        top.username = tk.Label(top, text="Username: ")
        top.username.grid(row=3,column=2, sticky=W)
        top.Entry3 = tk.Entry(top, width=15)
        top.Entry3.grid(row=3,column=3, sticky=W)
        top.Ptoken = tk.Label(top, text="Password: ")
        top.Ptoken.grid(row=4,column=2, sticky=W)
        top.Entry4 = tk.Entry(top, width=15)
        top.Entry4.grid(row=4,column=3, sticky=W)

        top.Submit = tk.Button(top, text="Submit", command=submit_button)
        top.Submit.grid(row=5, column=2, columnspan=2)

    def submit_button(top):

        x = top.Entry4.get()
        salt = uuid.uuid4().hex
        hashed_password = hashlib.sha512(x + salt).hexdigest()

        add = ("INSERT INTO User "
               "(ID, username, f_name, l_name, salt, PashHash) "
               "VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)")

        ID = int(0)
        username = top.Entry3.get()
        f_name = top.Entry1.get()
        l_name = top.Entry2.get()
        salt = salt
        PashHash = hashed_password

        data = (ID , top.username , top.f_name , top.l_name, salt, PashHash)

        cursor.execute(add, data)
        cnx.commit()

app = SampleApp()
app.mainloop()

Answer 1

问题在于您如何为（第二个）KUSubmit 按钮设置回调函数。首先，由于它是SampleApp 类的方法，它会自动接收self 参数。

其次是传递一个参数给它。虽然可以这样做，但在这种情况下，将值保存在 self.top 属性中并通过其自动 self 参数在方法中从那里检索它会更容易。

我已按照以下内容对您的代码进行了更改，如下所示。有关详细信息，请参阅带有# CHANGED cmets 的行。

import Tkinter as tk
from Tkinter import *

class SampleApp(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        tk.Tk.__init__(self)

        self.KTitle = tk.Label(self, text="Login ")
        self.KTitle.grid(row=7,column=0, columnspan=2)
        self.KUsername = tk.Label(self, text="Username: ")
        self.KUsername.grid(row=8,column=0, sticky=E)
        self.KPassword = tk.Label(self, text="Password: ")
        self.KPassword.grid(row=9,column=0, sticky=E)
        self.KUEntry = tk.Entry(self, width=15)
        self.KUEntry.grid(row=8,column=1, sticky=E)
        self.KUPass = tk.Entry(self, width=15)
        self.KUPass.grid(row=9,column=1, sticky=E)

        self.KUSubmit = tk.Button(self, text="Submit")
        self.KUSubmit.grid(row=10, column=0, columnspan=2)

        self.KTitle = tk.Label(self, text=" or ")
        self.KTitle.grid(row=11,column=0, columnspan=2)

        self.KUSubmit = tk.Button(self, text="Create an Account",
                                  command=self.create_button)
        self.KUSubmit.grid(row=12, column=0, columnspan=2)

    def create_button(self):

        self.top = top = Toplevel()  # CHANGED

        top.TitleHead = tk.Label(top, text="Create an Account ")
        top.TitleHead.grid(row=0,column=2, columnspan=3)

        #userInput
        top.f_name = tk.Label(top, text="First Name: ")
        top.f_name.grid(row=1,column=2, sticky=W)
        top.Entry1 = tk.Entry(top, width=15)
        top.Entry1.grid(row=1,column=3, sticky=W)
        top.l_name = tk.Label(top, text="Last Name: ")
        top.l_name.grid(row=2,column=2, sticky=W)
        top.Entry2 = tk.Entry(top,width=15)
        top.Entry2.grid(row=2,column=3, sticky=W)
        top.username = tk.Label(top, text="Username: ")
        top.username.grid(row=3,column=2, sticky=W)
        top.Entry3 = tk.Entry(top, width=15)
        top.Entry3.grid(row=3,column=3, sticky=W)
        top.Ptoken = tk.Label(top, text="Password: ")
        top.Ptoken.grid(row=4,column=2, sticky=W)
        top.Entry4 = tk.Entry(top, width=15)
        top.Entry4.grid(row=4,column=3, sticky=W)

        top.Submit = tk.Button(top, text="Submit", command=self.submit_button)
        top.Submit.grid(row=5, column=2, columnspan=2)

    def submit_button(self):  # CHANGED

        x = self.top.Entry4.get()  # CHANGED
        salt = uuid.uuid4().hex
        hashed_password = hashlib.sha512(x + salt).hexdigest()

        add = ("INSERT INTO User "
               "(ID, username, f_name, l_name, salt, PashHash) "
               "VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)")

        ID = int(0)
        username = top.Entry3.get()
        f_name = top.Entry1.get()
        l_name = top.Entry2.get()
        salt = salt
        PashHash = hashed_password

        data = (ID , top.username , top.f_name , top.l_name, salt, PashHash)

        cursor.execute(add, data)
        cnx.commit()

app = SampleApp()
app.mainloop()