【发布时间】：2015-09-24 12:49:53
【问题描述】：
问题
简短描述：python 请求在使用自己的 cabundle 连接到服务器时不断抛出 SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED：
In [1]: import requests
In [3]: requests.get('https://activeo.monitowl.com', verify=True)
Out[3]: <Response [200]>
In [4]: requests.get('https://activeo.monitowl.com', verify="./ca_bundle.crt")
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
SSLError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-3-c92a3091d6ce> in <module>()
----> 1 requests.get('https://activeo.monitowl.com', verify="./ca_bundle.crt")
/home/vagrant/.virtualenvs/test/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/api.pyc in get(url, params, **kwargs)
67
68 kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True)
---> 69 return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)
70
71
/home/vagrant/.virtualenvs/test/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/api.pyc in request(method, url, **kwargs)
48
49 session = sessions.Session()
---> 50 response = session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
51 # By explicitly closing the session, we avoid leaving sockets open which
52 # can trigger a ResourceWarning in some cases, and look like a memory leak
/home/vagrant/.virtualenvs/test/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/sessions.pyc in request(self, method, url, params, data, headers, cookies, files, auth, timeout, allow_redirects, proxies, hooks, stream, verify, cert, json)
463 }
464 send_kwargs.update(settings)
--> 465 resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
466
467 return resp
/home/vagrant/.virtualenvs/test/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/sessions.pyc in send(self, request, **kwargs)
571
572 # Send the request
--> 573 r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
574
575 # Total elapsed time of the request (approximately)
/home/vagrant/.virtualenvs/test/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/adapters.pyc in send(self, request, stream, timeout, verify, cert, proxies)
429 except (_SSLError, _HTTPError) as e:
430 if isinstance(e, _SSLError):
--> 431 raise SSLError(e, request=request)
432 elif isinstance(e, ReadTimeoutError):
433 raise ReadTimeout(e, request=request)
SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:581)
In [5]: requests.get('https://activeo.monitowl.com', verify="./ca_bundle_ff.crt")
[same error]
In [7]: import ssl; ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION
Out[7]: 'OpenSSL 1.0.1k 8 Jan 2015'
In [8]: import sys; print (sys.version)
2.7.9 (default, Mar 1 2015, 12:57:24)
[GCC 4.9.2]
In [2]: requests.__version__
Out[2]: '2.7.0'
故事
我们正在使用MonitOwl 代理中的请求与 API 服务器进行通信。几天前，我们为 *.monitowl.com 订购了新证书并将其部署到新实例，我们的颁发者是 nazwa.pl。将网络浏览器指向 https://activeo.monitowl.com 工作正常，请求似乎有一些问题，设置 verify="./cabundle.crt" 时。
技术说明
在处理 ssl 的 tornado 服务器前面有一个“透明的”haproxy 检查 SNI 并重新分配流量，这是配置文件的一部分：
acl app_activeo req_ssl_sni -i activeo.monitowl.com
use_backend bk_activeo if app_activeo
我们需要提供自己的 cabundle 来控制接受的内容 - 因为安全问题和部署脚本。我们到处都在使用 debian jessie。
我已经用ssl checker 测试了服务器，除了接受旧的加密算法之外没有任何问题..
# from issuer https://panel.nazwa.pl/uploads/ssl/nazwaSSL_SHA-2.zip
$ cat monitowlcom.crt nazwasslsha2.pem certumca-ctncasha2.pem gscasha2.pem > ./ca_bundle.crt
# exported from firefox
$ cat monitowl.com nazwaSSL CertumTrustedNetworkCA CertumGlobalServicesCASHA2 > ca_bundle_ff.crt
$ openssl verify -untrusted ./ca.crt monitowlcom.crt
monitowlcom.crt: OK
$ c_rehash ./
$ openssl s_client -CApath ./ -connect activeo.monitowl.com:443 -servername activeo.monitowl.com
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=4 C = PL, O = Unizeto Sp. z o.o., CN = Certum CA
verify return:1
depth=3 C = PL, O = Unizeto Technologies S.A., OU = Certum Certification Authority, CN = Certum Trusted Network CA
verify return:1
depth=2 C = PL, O = Unizeto Technologies S.A., OU = Certum Certification Authority, CN = Certum Global Services CA SHA2
verify return:1
depth=1 C = PL, O = nazwa.pl S.A., OU = http://nazwa.pl, CN = nazwaSSL
verify return:1
depth=0 C = PL, CN = *.monitowl.com, emailAddress = ***@whitehats.pl
verify return:1
[...]
* Verify return code: 0 (ok)*
$ curl -I --cacert ca_bundle.crt https://activeo.monitowl.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
$ curl -I --cacert ca_bundle_ff.crt https://activeo.monitowl.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
如您所见，openssl s_client 验证连接，curl 正常工作。
在服务器端（龙卷风）：
SSLError: [SSL: TLSV1_ALERT_UNKNOWN_CA] tlsv1 alert unknown ca (_ssl.c:581)
我请一些朋友使用从网络浏览器导出的捆绑包进行测试，然后：
Python==2.7.9 + OpenSSL==1.0.1k => FAILS
Python==2.7.10 + OpenSSL==1.0.1k => FAILS
Python==2.7.9 + OpenSSL==1.0.1l => FAILS
Python==2.7.10 + OpenSSL==1.0.1p => WORKS
Python==2.7.10 + OpenSSL==1.0.2d => WORKS
Python==2.7.9 + OpenSSL 1.0.2d => WORKS
我知道 python 比网络浏览器验证证书 differently，但看起来不是这里的东西。
问题
你有什么线索吗？ 我还能检查什么？
这是一个错误？在 requests 中，openssl、python 还是 urllib3？
【问题讨论】：
标签： python ssl https python-requests