如何将数据与父模式一起添加到子模型？

Question

我正在使用 Django REST 框架。我想将数据与父模型一起添加到子模型中。基本上一次创建两条记录。

models.py

class Visit(models.Model):
   name = models.CharField(max_length=200)
   gender = models.CharField(choices=GENDER_CHOICE, max_length=1)
   mobile = models.CharField(max_length=18,default="")
   email = models.CharField(max_length=256, null=True, blank=True)
   address = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
   visit_type = models.IntegerField(choices=VISIT_TYPE)
   visit_purpose = models.CharField(max_length=250)
   visitor_photo = models.FileField(upload_to="visitor/",null=True, blank=True)
   id_photo = models.FileField(upload_to="id_card/",null=True, blank=True)
   date_created = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now, editable=False)

class Status(models.Model):
   visit = models.ForeignKey(Visit,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
   description = models.CharField(max_length=200)
   from_time = models.DateField()
   to_time = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
   aproved = models.BooleanField(default=False)
   visit_complete = models.BooleanField(default=False)
   exit_time = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True)
   date_created = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now, editable=False)

serializers.py

class StatusSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
       class Meta:
         model = Status
         fields = "__all__"
class VisitSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
   visit = StatusSerializers(many=True)
   class Meta:
       model = Visit
       fields = "__all__"

   def create(self, validated_data):
      print(validated_data)
      model_b = Visit.objects.create(**validated_data)
      # print(self.context.request.data.get('description'))
      child_model_data = {
         'description': self.context.request.data.get('description'),
      }
      child_model_serializer = StatusSerializers(data=child_model_data)
      child_model_serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
      child_model_serializer.save(status=model_b)

      return model_b

views.py

  @api_view(['GET', 'POST'])
  def create_visitor(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
       visitor = Visit.objects.all()
       serializer = VisitSerializers(visitor,context={'request': request},many=True)
       return Response(serializer.data)
    elif request.method == 'POST':
       serializer = VisitSerializers(data=request.data,context={'request': request})
    if serializer.is_valid():
        serializer.save()
        return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
    return Response(serializer.errors,

status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST) 在上面的代码中，我可以创建子记录，即状态模型记录，但我不知道如何在创建过程中添加其他字段。

Answer 1

在您的serializer 子模型数据可以在self.context.request.data 中找到，您可以简单地使用子序列化程序来验证并保存在数据库中。

class VisitSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
   class Meta:
       model = Visit
       fields = "__all__"

   def create(self, validated_data):
      print(validated_data)
      model_b = Visit.objects.create(**validated_data)
      child_model_data = {
         'field': self.context['request'].data.get('your_field');
         .....
      }
      child_model_serializer = ChildSerializer(data=child_model_data)
      child_model_serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
      child_model_serializer.save()

      return model_b

更新你需要多处改变

首先在您看来，在后方法序列化程序初始化中，您需要传递上下文对象。

  @api_view(['GET', 'POST'])
  def create_visitor(request):
     if request.method == 'GET':
        visitor = Visit.objects.all()
        serializer = VisitSerializers(visitor,context={'request': request},many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)
    elif request.method == 'POST':
        serializer = VisitSerializers(data=request.data, context={'request': request})
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

然后在您的 VisitSerializer 中

class VisitSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
   visit = StatusSerializers(many=True)  # not sure why you did this, this should be removed i guess
   class Meta:
       model = Visit
       fields = "__all__"

   def create(self, validated_data):
      print(validated_data)
      model_b = Visit.objects.create(**validated_data)
      # print(self.context.request.data.get('description'))
      child_model_data = {
         'description': self.context.request.data.get('description'),
          'status': model_b
          # and make sure all other necessary fields.
      }
      child_model_serializer = StatusSerializers(data=child_model_data)
      child_model_serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
      child_model_serializer.save()

      return model_b

Answer 2

您可以在序列化程序中添加额外的字段以及默认字段。对于反向关系，您可以添加这样的字段

class VisitSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
   status = StatusSerializer(many=True)
   class Meta:
       model = Visit

您可以像这样将数据传递给 VisitSerializer。 {, 状态: [, ]}