外键字段未在序列化程序 django 中呈现

Question

我试图显示外键字段名称而不是对象 ID，但无法通过它。尝试使用related_name，然后将其绑定到序列化程序，但仍然没有运气，

models.py

class Employee(base_models.BaseDateModel):
    """
    DB model to store employee data
    """
   
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    level = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=LEVEL_CHOICES, default=L1)

    def __str__(self):
        return f'{self.name} - {self.get_level_display()}'


class Room(base_models.BaseDateModel):
    """
    DB model to store available rooms in the building
    """
    name = models.CharField(max_length=15)

    def __str__(self):
        return f'{self.name}'


class Seat(base_models.BaseDateModel):
    """
    DB model to store available seats in a given room
    """
    room = models.ForeignKey('seating.Room', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return f'{self.room} - {self.id}'


class EmployeeSeating(base_models.BaseDateModel):
    """
    DB model to store the seating details of any employee
    """
    name = models.ForeignKey('seating.Employee', on_delete=CASCADE, related_name='emp_name')
    room = models.ForeignKey('seating.ROOM', on_delete=CASCADE, related_name='emp_room')
    seat = models.ForeignKey('seating.SEAT', on_delete=CASCADE, related_name='emp_seat')

    def __str__(self):
        return f'{self.name} - {self.room} - {self.seat}'

serializers.py

class EmployeeSeatingSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    emp_name = serializers.StringRelatedField()
    emp_room = serializers.StringRelatedField()
    emp_seat = serializers.StringRelatedField()

    class Meta:
        model = EmployeeSeating
        fields = ('id', 'emp_name', 'emp_room', 'emp_seat')

views.py

def listemp_api(request, pk=None):

    """
    Method to return the list of employee in a given room
    """

    if request.method == 'GET':

        room_id = pk
        if room_id:
            employee_data = EmployeeSeating.objects.filter(room_id = room_id)
       
            serializer = EmployeeSeatingSerializer(employee_data, many=True)
            return Response(serializer.data)
        else:
            employee_data = EmployeeSeating.objects.all()
            print(employee_data)
            serializer = EmployeeSeatingSerializer(employee_data, many=True)
            return Response(serializer.data)

使用我的视图查询集的结果如下

[
    {
        "id": 1
    },
    {
        "id": 2
    },
    {
        "id": 5
    }
]

但我想要使用 stringfield 添加但无法实现的房间、座位和其他序列化字段。 使用fields = '__all__' 给了我对象编号，但错过了我想要的其他字段，即。 emp_room、emp_name 等

Answer 1

在继续之前，我想解释一下，如果你想从Employee 模型访问EmployeeSeating 模型，则使用related_name 字段。但是，EmployeeSeatingSerializer 正在做相反的事情。 其次，在EmployeeSeating 模型外键中，我认为您应该考虑将seating.ROOM 重命名为seating.Room（如果它不起作用），对于seating.SEAT 也是如此。如果外键链接正确，请从 django 管理面板确保，否则将无法正常工作。

确保在对数据库进行更改后执行makemigrations 和migrate。

首先，在序列化器的name 字段上试试这个。删除其他字段。

1. 为Employee 模型创建一个模型序列化程序，例如EmployeeSerializer。仅提供您要显示的字段，在本例中为 name 字段。
2. 在您的EmployeeSeatingSerializer 中，将emp_name 字段更改为用于引用Employee 模型的字段，在本例中为name。对其他字段也这样做。
3. 将emp_name = serializers.StringRelatedField() 更改为name = EmployeeSerializer()。对其他字段执行相同操作。

试试这个。

Answer 2

试试这个：

class Employee(base_models.BaseDateModel):
"""
DB model to store employee data
"""

name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
level = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=LEVEL_CHOICES, default=L1)

def __str__(self):
    return f'{self.name} - {self.get_level_display()}'


class Room(base_models.BaseDateModel):
"""
DB model to store available rooms in the building
"""
name = models.CharField(max_length=15)

def __str__(self):
    return f'{self.name}'


class Seat(base_models.BaseDateModel):
"""
DB model to store available seats in a given room
"""
room = models.ForeignKey(Room, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

def __str__(self):
    return f'{self.room} - {self.id}'


class EmployeeSeating(base_models.BaseDateModel):
"""
DB model to store the seating details of any employee
"""
name = models.ForeignKey(Employee, on_delete=CASCADE, related_name='emp_name')
room = models.ForeignKey(Room, on_delete=CASCADE, related_name='emp_room')
seat = models.ForeignKey(Seat, on_delete=CASCADE, related_name='emp_seat')

def __str__(self):
    return f'{self.name} - {self.room} - {self.seat}'