使用 pip 安装 requirements.txt 文件时出现 TLS/SSL 问题答案

【问题标题】：Trouble with TLS/SSL while installing requirements.txt file using pip使用 pip 安装 requirements.txt 文件时出现 TLS/SSL 问题
【发布时间】：2018-06-20 20:19:42
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试安装具有以下格式的 requirements.txt 文件：

build-utils==0.1.1
cffi==1.11.5
fake-rpi==0.6.0
keyboard==0.13.2
numpy==1.14.3
PyAudio==0.2.11
pycparser==2.18
RPi.GPIO==0.6.3
samplerate==0.1.0
websockets==5.0.1

我使用pip3 install -r ./PythonClient/requirements.txt 来安装不同的软件包。但是，我一直遇到 SSL 问题。

pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Collecting build-utils==0.1.1 (from -r ./PythonClient/requirements.txt (line 1))
  Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.",)': /simple/build-utils/
  Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.",)': /simple/build-utils/
  Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.",)': /simple/build-utils/
  Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.",)': /simple/build-utils/
  Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.",)': /simple/build-utils/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/build-utils/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/build-utils/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.",)) - skipping
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement build-utils==0.1.1 (from -r ./PythonClient/requirements.txt (line 1)) (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for build-utils==0.1.1 (from -r ./PythonClient/requirements.txt (line 1))
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.",)) - skipping

这是什么原因造成的，我该如何解决？

编辑：让我澄清一下。我正在尝试为 Mac OS 执行此操作。

【问题讨论】：

看来你的 python 不是用 ssl 库构建的。也许这篇文章可能会有所帮助：stackoverflow.com/questions/41328451/… 另外，您在哪个操作系统上工作？
是的，你是对的。
pip cannot confirm SSL certificate: SSL module is not available的可能重复
@phd 很抱歉之前没有澄清。我正在寻找特定于 Mac OS 的解决方案，因此其他帖子没有回答我的问题。

标签： python-3.x ssl pip tls1.2

【解决方案1】：

从这篇文章中我得出了答案："SSL module in Python is not available" when installing package with pip3

如果你在 OSX 上并且已经从源代码编译了 python：

使用brew install openssl安装openssl

确保遵循 brew 提供的有关设置 CPPFLAGS >和 LDFLAGS 的说明。在我的情况下，我使用的是 openssl@1.1 brew 公式，我需要这 3 个 >python 构建过程的设置才能正确链接到我的 SSL 库：
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/include"
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl@1.1/lib/pkgconfig"
假设库安装在该位置。

【讨论】：