python Pip安装使用轮文件不起作用

Question

由于网络限制和证书错误，我无法正常使用 pip 安装 python 库。

所以我尝试下载.whl 并手动安装库。但是，它也因同样的错误而失败。

C:\python3.7>python -m pip install requests-2.21.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing c:\python3.7\requests-2.21.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting idna<2.9,>=2.5 (from requests==2.21.0)
  Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x039C3D90>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed')': /simple/idna/
  Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x04567350>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed')': /simple/idna/
  Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x04567D10>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed')': /simple/idna/
  Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x04567FD0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed')': /simple/idna/
  Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x04545F70>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed')': /simple/idna/
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement idna<2.9,>=2.5 (from requests==2.21.0) (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for idna<2.9,>=2.5 (from requests==2.21.0)

按照建议尝试了--use-wheel 选项，但不起作用。看起来 pip 很旧，但是我什至无法升级 pip，因为这也需要一个适当的工作网络。这是一个 catch22 的情况。

C:\python3.7>python -m pip install --use-wheel requests-2.21.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl

Usage:
  C:\python3.7\python.exe -m pip install [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ...
  C:\python3.7\python.exe -m pip install [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ...
  C:\python3.7\python.exe -m pip install [options] [-e] <vcs project url> ...
  C:\python3.7\python.exe -m pip install [options] [-e] <local project path> ...
  C:\python3.7\python.exe -m pip install [options] <archive url/path> ...

no such option: --use-wheel

如何手动安装库？

Answer 1

问题不在于你的轮子，它是有效的。但这条线很重要：

找不到与 idna=2.5 匹配的分布（来自 requests==2.21.0）

因此您还需要下载idna。可能还有其他依赖项。

$ python -m pip show requests
Requires: urllib3, chardet, idna, certifi

所以你也需要这四个。老实说，我认为您尝试手动完成这一切会遇到很多困难。依赖关系树可能有几个层次。

Answer 2

在运行pip的机器上，问题：

$ mkdir wheelhouse
$ pip download --dest wheelhouse requests

这会将requests 及其所有依赖项下载到wheelhouse 目录。现在将目录移动到目标机器，出现问题

$ pip install requests --no-index --find-links wheelhouse/

这将告诉pip 不要在线搜索软件包，而是在wheelhouse 目录中查找它们（“离线”安装）。