无法识别 Backup-SqlDatabase

Question

我有一个 PowerShell 脚本来备份数据库。但是今天它已经停止工作并出现下一个错误：

Backup-SqlDatabase : The term 'Backup-SqlDatabase' is not recognized as 
the name of a cmdlet, function, script file,
or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was
included, verify that the path is correct and
try again.

我没有更改脚本。这可能是什么原因？

更新： 已安装 SqlServer 模块。现在我有下一个：

Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

PS C:\Temp> import-module sqlserver -erroraction stop -verbose
VERBOSE: Loading module from path 'C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\sqlserver\21.0.17224\sqlserver.psd1'.
VERBOSE: Loading 'TypesToProcess' from path 'C:\Program
Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\sqlserver\21.0.17224\sqlprovider.types.ps1xml'.
VERBOSE: Loading 'FormatsToProcess' from path 'C:\Program
Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\sqlserver\21.0.17224\sqlprovider.format.ps1xml'.
VERBOSE: Populating RepositorySourceLocation property for module sqlserver.
VERBOSE: Loading module from path 'C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\sqlserver\21.0.17224\SqlServer.psm1'.
VERBOSE: Exporting function 'SQLSERVER:'.
VERBOSE: Exporting alias 'Encode-SqlName'.
VERBOSE: Exporting alias 'Decode-SqlName'.
VERBOSE: Importing function 'SQLSERVER:'.
VERBOSE: Importing alias 'Decode-SqlName'.
VERBOSE: Importing alias 'Encode-SqlName'.
PS C:\Temp> Get-Command -Name Backup-SqlDatabase
Get-Command : The term 'Backup-SqlDatabase' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or
operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try
again.
At line:1 char:1
+ Get-Command -Name Backup-SqlDatabase
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (Backup-SqlDatabase:String) [Get-Command], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetCommandCommand

更新 2：已卸载 SqlServer 模块，目录已删除。之后重新安装它。安装日志：

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> Install-Module -Name SqlServer -Repository PSGallery -Verbose
VERBOSE: Repository details, Name = 'PSGallery', Location = 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/'; IsTrusted
 = 'False'; IsRegistered = 'True'.
VERBOSE: Using the provider 'PowerShellGet' for searching packages.
VERBOSE: Using the specified source names : 'PSGallery'.
VERBOSE: Getting the provider object for the PackageManagement Provider 'NuGet'.
VERBOSE: The specified Location is 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/' and PackageManagementProvider is
'NuGet'.
VERBOSE: Searching repository 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/FindPackagesById()?id='SqlServer'' for ''.
VERBOSE: Total package yield:'1' for the specified package 'SqlServer'.
VERBOSE: Performing the operation "Install-Module" on target "Version '21.0.17224' of module 'SqlServer'".

Untrusted repository
You are installing the modules from an untrusted repository. If you trust this repository, change its
InstallationPolicy value by running the Set-PSRepository cmdlet. Are you sure you want to install the modules from
 'PSGallery'?
[Y] Yes  [A] Yes to All  [N] No  [L] No to All  [S] Suspend  [?] Help (default is "N"): y
VERBOSE: The installation scope is specified to be 'AllUsers'.
VERBOSE: The specified module will be installed in 'C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules'.
VERBOSE: The specified Location is 'NuGet' and PackageManagementProvider is 'NuGet'.
VERBOSE: Downloading module 'SqlServer' with version '21.0.17224' from the repository
'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/'.
VERBOSE: Searching repository 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/FindPackagesById()?id='SqlServer'' for ''.
VERBOSE: InstallPackage' - name='SqlServer',
version='21.0.17224',destination='C:\Users\Oleg\AppData\Local\Temp\1981035148'
VERBOSE: DownloadPackage' - name='SqlServer',
version='21.0.17224',destination='C:\Users\Oleg\AppData\Local\Temp\1981035148\SqlServer\SqlServer.nupkg',
uri='https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/package/SqlServer/21.0.17224'
VERBOSE: Downloading 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/package/SqlServer/21.0.17224'.
VERBOSE: Completed downloading 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2/package/SqlServer/21.0.17224'.
VERBOSE: Completed downloading 'SqlServer'.
VERBOSE: Hash for package 'SqlServer' does not match hash provided from the server.
VERBOSE: InstallPackageLocal' - name='SqlServer',
version='21.0.17224',destination='C:\Users\Oleg\AppData\Local\Temp\1981035148'
VERBOSE: Catalog file 'SqlServer.cat' is not found in the contents of the module 'SqlServer' being installed.
VERBOSE: Valid authenticode signature found in the file 'SqlServer.psd1' for the module 'SqlServer'.
VERBOSE: Module 'SqlServer' was installed successfully to path 'C:\Program
Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\SqlServer\21.0.17224'.

即使在那之后Import-Module SqlServer -ErrorAction Stop -Verbose 没有改变，Backup-SqlDatabase 仍然不可用。可能是什么原因？

Answer 1

该功能由sqlps（旧的和废弃的）和sqlserver（当前的）模块提供。 sqlps 和旧版本的 sqlserver 由 SQL Server Management Studio 安装提供，但 sqlserver 现在位于 PowerShell 库中。假设您有当前版本的 PowerShell/Windows 管理框架，您可以install-module sqlserver（在管理员 PowerShell 会话中运行）并获得全局安装的最新版本。

关于你的脚本发生了什么：

可能性 #1：您使用的是非常旧的 PowerShell 版本，它不会自动加载模块，并且您没有将 sqlserver 或 sqlps 模块显式导入到您所在的会话/脚本中调用这个函数。解决方案：升级到当前版本的 PowerShell，该版本支持自动加载模块和/或使用import-module 将正确的模块显式导入到您的脚本/会话中。

可能性 #2：有人卸载或移动了您从中获取该功能的模块，或者它不在您的模块搜索路径中。解决方案：检查$PSModulePath，然后在每个位置查找模块。最简单的方法是在全局范围内重新安装它。

Answer 2

您需要导入 SQL Server PowerShell 模块才能访问它包含的 cmdlet：

Import-Module SQLPS -ErrorAction Stop

运行此代码以查看您是否可以使用该功能：

Get-Command -Name Backup-SqlDatabase

这是我机器上的结果：

CommandType     Name                                               Version    Source
-----------     ----                                               -------    ------
Cmdlet          Backup-SqlDatabase                                 14.0       SQLPS

Answer 3

我也有同样的问题，但来自 SQLPS 的 Delete-SqlDatabase。

在我的例子中，我试图调用我在代码中声明和使用的函数 Delete-SqlDatabase。

我犯的错误是调用了下面的函数。

您在 Powershell 中看到，为了使函数可见，您必须在顶部声明它。主要功能应该是最后一个部分的层次结构。

真是个傻事。我相信你会在一天之内解决这个问题。

我 100% 确定这是您的问题。我知道这个帖子太旧了，但它可能会帮助像我这样的其他人，他们可能会节省一个小时的时间。