动态 Web 应用程序在 Eclipse 中运行，但不在 Tomcat 中答案

【问题标题】：Dynamic Web Application runs with Eclipse but not in Tomcat动态 Web 应用程序在 Eclipse 中运行，但不在 Tomcat 中
【发布时间】：2016-08-01 15:42:13
【问题描述】：

我一直在开发一个小型应用程序，主要是作为学习练习。

我一直在分阶段介绍新事物。我已经准备好添加 Struts 2。

现在，我正在尝试添加 Tiles 并不断遇到问题。如果我右键单击该项目并 "run As" -> "Run on Server" 它将按预期运行。

如果我将应用程序作为 WAR 文件部署到本地 Tomcat 实例，它将正常部署，但当我尝试访问应用程序时，它会失败，并在切片定义文件中显示 IllegalArgumentException。

WEB-INF/lib 目录中确实有 Maven 资源。但是当我导出war文件时，我仍然必须缺少一些东西。我查看了所有日志文件，看不出有什么不同。 Eclipse 中配置的服务器指向我单独运行的同一台服务器。它是Tomcat v7.0.70。

这是我尝试访问网页时的输出：

Struts Problem Report

Struts has detected an unhandled exception:
Messages:   

    Illegal character in path at index 13: file:///C:/My Programs/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/TeamInfo/WEB-INF/classes/tiles-def.xml
    Illegal character in path at index 13: file:///C:/My Programs/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/TeamInfo/WEB-INF/classes/tiles-def.xml

堆栈跟踪

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Illegal character in path at index 13: file:///C:/My Programs/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/TeamInfo/WEB-INF/classes/tiles-def.xml

    java.net.URI.create(Unknown Source)
    org.apache.struts2.tiles.StrutsWildcardServletApplicationContext.getResource(StrutsWildcardServletApplicationContext.java:105)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.loadRawDefinitionsFromResources(CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:232)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.loadRawDefinitionsFromResources(CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:225)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.loadRawDefinitionsFromResources(CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:225)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.loadDefinitionsFromResources(CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:203)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.loadDefinitions(CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:192)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.ResolvingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.loadDefinitions(ResolvingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:68)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.checkAndloadDefinitions(CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:174)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.getDefinitions(CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:131)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.getDefinition(CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:105)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.getDefinition(CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:49)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.UnresolvingLocaleDefinitionsFactory.getDefinition(UnresolvingLocaleDefinitionsFactory.java:89)
        org.apache.tiles.impl.BasicTilesContainer.getDefinition(BasicTilesContainer.java:286)
        org.apache.tiles.impl.BasicTilesContainer.isValidDefinition(BasicTilesContainer.java:273)
        org.apache.tiles.TilesContainerWrapper.isValidDefinition(TilesContainerWrapper.java:88)
        org.apache.tiles.impl.mgmt.CachingTilesContainer.isValidDefinition(CachingTilesContainer.java:100)
        org.apache.struts2.views.tiles.TilesResult.doExecute(TilesResult.java:139)
        org.apache.struts2.result.StrutsResultSupport.execute(StrutsResultSupport.java:208)
        com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.executeResult(DefaultActionInvocation.java:366)
        com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:270)
        com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor.intercept(LoggingInterceptor.java:68)
        com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:240)
        com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.TimerInterceptor.intercept(TimerInterceptor.java:121)
        com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:240)
        org.apache.struts2.factory.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:54)
        org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:556)
        org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:81)
        org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:113)
        org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
        org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
        org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:218)
        org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)
        org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:505)
        org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:169)
        org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
        org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:956)
        org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
        org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:442)
        org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1082)
        org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:623)
        org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(AprEndpoint.java:2517)
        org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(AprEndpoint.java:2506)
        java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
        java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
        org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
        java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)


java.net.URISyntaxException: Illegal character in path at index 13: file:///C:/My Programs/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/TeamInfo/WEB-INF/classes/tiles-def.xml

        java.net.URI$Parser.fail(Unknown Source)
        java.net.URI$Parser.checkChars(Unknown Source)
        java.net.URI$Parser.parseHierarchical(Unknown Source)
        java.net.URI$Parser.parse(Unknown Source)
        java.net.URI.<init>(Unknown Source)
        java.net.URI.create(Unknown Source)
        org.apache.struts2.tiles.StrutsWildcardServletApplicationContext.getResource(StrutsWildcardServletApplicationContext.java:105)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.loadRawDefinitionsFromResources(CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:232)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.loadRawDefinitionsFromResources(CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:225)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.loadRawDefinitionsFromResources(CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:225)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.loadDefinitionsFromResources(CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:203)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.loadDefinitions(CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:192)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.ResolvingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.loadDefinitions(ResolvingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:68)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.checkAndloadDefinitions(CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:174)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.getDefinitions(CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:131)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.getDefinition(CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:105)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.dao.CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.getDefinition(CachingLocaleUrlDefinitionDAO.java:49)
        org.apache.tiles.definition.UnresolvingLocaleDefinitionsFactory.getDefinition(UnresolvingLocaleDefinitionsFactory.java:89)
        org.apache.tiles.impl.BasicTilesContainer.getDefinition(BasicTilesContainer.java:286)
        org.apache.tiles.impl.BasicTilesContainer.isValidDefinition(BasicTilesContainer.java:273)
        org.apache.tiles.TilesContainerWrapper.isValidDefinition(TilesContainerWrapper.java:88)
        org.apache.tiles.impl.mgmt.CachingTilesContainer.isValidDefinition(CachingTilesContainer.java:100)
        org.apache.struts2.views.tiles.TilesResult.doExecute(TilesResult.java:139)
        org.apache.struts2.result.StrutsResultSupport.execute(StrutsResultSupport.java:208)
        com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.executeResult(DefaultActionInvocation.java:366)
        com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:270)
        com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor.intercept(LoggingInterceptor.java:68)
        com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:240)
        com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.TimerInterceptor.intercept(TimerInterceptor.java:121)
        com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:240)
        org.apache.struts2.factory.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:54)
        org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:556)
        org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:81)
        org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:113)
        org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
        org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
        org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:218)
        org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)
        org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:505)
        org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:169)
        org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
        org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:956)
        org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
        org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:442)
        org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1082)
        org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:623)
        org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(AprEndpoint.java:2517)
        org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AprEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(AprEndpoint.java:2506)
        java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
        java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
        org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
j   ava.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)


You are seeing this page because development mode is enabled. Development mode, or devMode, enables extra debugging behaviors and reports to assist developers. To disable this mode, set:

struts.devMode=false

in your WEB-INF/classes/struts.properties file.

这是`web.xml`

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">

<display-name>Team Info</display-name>

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/config/SpringBeans.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
    <param-name>isLog4jAutoInitializationDisabled</param-name>
    <param-value>true</param-value>
</context-param>
    <context-param>
    <param-name>tilesDefinitions</param-name>
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/tiles-def.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<listener>
   <listener-class>org.apache.struts2.tiles.StrutsTilesListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

<filter>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

</web-app>

`struts.xml`

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>
    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">

        <result-types>
            <result-type name="tiles" class="org.apache.struts2.views.tiles.TilesResult" />
        </result-types>

        <interceptors>
            <interceptor name="authentication" class="com.teaminfo.interceptors.AuthenticationInterceptor" />
            <interceptor-stack name="authStack">
                <interceptor-ref name="timer" />
                <interceptor-ref name="logger" />
                <interceptor-ref name="authentication" />
                <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" />
            </interceptor-stack>
        </interceptors>

        <default-interceptor-ref name="authStack" />

        <default-action-ref name="dashboard" />

        <global-results>
            <result name="need_login" type="tiles">login</result>
            <result name="exception">/jsp/error.jsp</result>
        </global-results>

        <global-exception-mappings>
            <exception-mapping exception="java.lang.Exception" result="exception" />
        </global-exception-mappings>

        <action name="login" class="com.teaminfo.action.LoginAction">
            <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" />
            <result name="success" type="redirectAction">dashboard</result>
            <result name="input" type="tiles">login</result>
        </action>
        <action name="dashboard" class="com.teaminfo.action.Dashboard">
            <result name="manager" type="tiles">manager</result>
            <result name="associate" type="tiles">associate</result>
        </action>
    </package>

</struts>

瓷砖配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE tiles-definitions PUBLIC
     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Tiles Configuration 2.0//EN"
     "http://tiles.apache.org/dtds/tiles-config_2_0.dtd">

<tiles-definitions>
    <definition name="mainTemplate" template="/jsp/layout.jsp">
            <put-attribute name="title"  value="Team Info" />
            <put-attribute name="header" value="/jsp/header.jsp" />
            <put-attribute name="menu" value="/jsp/menu.jsp" />
            <put-attribute name="body"   value="/jsp/body.jsp" />
            <put-attribute name="footer"   value="/jsp/footer.jsp" />
     </definition>

     <definition name="login" extends="mainTemplate">
        <put-attribute name="title" value="Team Info Login" />
        <put-attribute name="menu" value="/jsp/menu.jsp" />
        <put-attribute name="body" value="/jsp/login.jsp" />
     </definition>

     <definition name="admin" extends="mainTemplate">
        <put-attribute name="title" value="Team Info Admin" />
        <put-attribute name="menu" value="/jsp/admin/menu.jsp" />
        <put-attribute name="body" value="/jsp/admin/body.jsp" />
     </definition>

     <definition name="manager" extends="mainTemplate">
        <put-attribute name="title" value="Team Info Manager" />
        <put-attribute name="menu" value="/jsp/manager/menu.jsp" />
        <put-attribute name="body" value="/jsp/manager/body.jsp" />
     </definition>

     <definition name="associate" extends="mainTemplate">
        <put-attribute name="title" value="Team Info Manager" />
        <put-attribute name="menu" value="/jsp/associate/menu.jsp" />
        <put-attribute name="body" value="/jsp/associate/body.jsp" />
     </definition>

</tiles-definitions>

【问题讨论】：

错误可能是由于文件路径中“我的程序”之间的空格。 stackoverflow.com/questions/4992317/…
我猜 Eclipse 工作区不在“我的程序”下，所以从那里部署时，您的网络应用程序的路径中没有空格。
实际上 Eclipse 安装在“Program Files (x86)”中，所以路径有两个空格。我不得不假设 Eclipse 隐藏了这个事实。
请澄清您的具体问题或添加其他详细信息以准确突出您的需求。正如目前所写的那样，很难准确地说出你在问什么。请参阅“如何提问”页面以获得澄清此问题的帮助。

标签： java resources

【解决方案1】：

它不喜欢路径中的空间。因此，在这种情况下，应该使用%20 更改空间。使用replaceAll(" ","%20");

否则，您可以使用 URLEncoder 进行编码。

String pathOfFile = "file:///C:/My Programs/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/TeamInfo/WEB-INF/classes/tiles-def.xml";
pathOfFile = URLEncoder.encode(pathOfFile, "UTF-8");

更新1：

对于瓷砖，您可以将参数值替换如下

    <param-value>
      /WEB-INF/tiles-defs.xml,/org/apache/tiles/classpath-defs.xml
    </param-value>

而不是

<param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/tiles-def.xml</param-value>

更多信息，您可以通过this tutorial。

【讨论】：

我明白你在说什么。但是，这是一条构建路径。在 web.xml 中它有“/WEB-INF/classes/tiles-def.xml”。因此，一旦生成完整的文件名，我就无法更改它。我们在我工作的公司没有管理员权限，所以我无法将它安装在“程序文件”中，所以我为 Tomcat、MySQL 和其他软件创建了“我的程序”。我很惊讶它现在才遇到这个问题。在我添加 Tiles 之前，它一直运行良好。我会尝试重命名目录

【解决方案2】：

除了 SkyWalker 所说的，我想提一下，将构建在项目位置工作空间的 target 文件夹中的 war 文件部署到 tomcat 也不是正确的方法，而且大多数时候不会工作。您始终需要 right click on your project in eclipse -> export -> war 并检查 Optimize for a specific server runtime 并选择 Apache Tomcat。导出的war文件，复制到你的tomcat\webapps目录下。

希望它有助于节省时间。

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

以防万一这对其他人有用。一旦部署在 Tomcat 中，您需要使用与您的战争相同的名称访问您的 Web 应用程序。

示例。

如果您将战争导出为 something.war，那么您必须访问您的网络应用，例如 http://localhost:8080/something

【讨论】：

堆栈跟踪

这是web.xml

struts.xml

瓷砖配置

更新1：

这是`web.xml`

`struts.xml`