ProgrammingError: 1064 在使用 django 和 mysql 数据库执行 inspectdb 时

Question

我在 settings.py 中配置了两个数据库：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': 'postgres',
        'USER': 'postgres',
        'PASSWORD': 'password',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': '5432',
    },
    'db2': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'database',
        'USER': 'user',
        'PASSWORD': 'password',
        'HOST': 'ip address',
        'PORT': 'port',
    }
}

承载 db2 的服务器使用 mysql 4.1.2。我正在使用 Python 3.7.3 + django 2.2.5 + mysqlclient 1.4.4。

当我运行python manage.py inspectdb --database db2 时出现以下错误：

django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: (1064, "您的 SQL > 语法有错误；请查看与您的 MySQL 服务器版本相对应的手册 > 在第 1 行的 'TABLES' 附近使用的正确语法" )

我已经打印了“查询”，它是：SHOW FULL TABLES

我尝试手动连接到数据库（MySQLdb.connect + cursor）并从表中检索数据，它工作正常。

我的问题和（Error 1064 Django inspectdb）基本一样，但是那个家伙没有得到任何帮助。希望我会。

我想要完成的是默认使用来自 db2 的数据作为外键。例如，我在默认数据库中描述了一些项目，在 db2 中定义了一些人。我想将 db2 中的一个人与默认的项目相关联。为此，我认为使用 inspectdb 构建模型会有所帮助。

完整的输出是：

# This is an auto-generated Django model module.
# You'll have to do the following manually to clean this up:
#   * Rearrange models' order
#   * Make sure each model has one field with primary_key=True
#   * Make sure each ForeignKey has `on_delete` set to the desired behavior.
#   * Remove `managed = False` lines if you wish to allow Django to create, modify, and delete the table
# Feel free to rename the models, but don't rename db_table values or field names.
from django.db import models
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 82, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql)
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\base.py", line 71, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(query, args)
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 209, in execute
    res = self._query(query)
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 315, in _query
    db.query(q)
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 226, in query
    _mysql.connection.query(self, query)
MySQLdb._exceptions.ProgrammingError: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'TABLES' at line 1")

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 17, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 375, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 323, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 364, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\inspectdb.py", line 34, in handle
    for line in self.handle_inspection(options):
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\inspectdb.py", line 60, in handle_inspection
    table_info = connection.introspection.get_table_list(cursor)
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\introspection.py", line 55, in get_table_list
    cursor.execute("SHOW FULL TABLES")
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 99, in execute
    return super().execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 67, in execute
    return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 76, in _execute_with_wrappers
    return executor(sql, params, many, context)
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 84, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 82, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql)
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\mysql\base.py", line 71, in execute
    return self.cursor.execute(query, args)
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 209, in execute
    res = self._query(query)
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 315, in _query
    db.query(q)
  File "C:\Users\nxf52820\OneDrive - NXP\Aplicatii\PyCharm\AMPLab\AMPLabEnv\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 226, in query
    _mysql.connection.query(self, query)
django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'TABLES' at line 1")

编辑：我已经确定了发送查询的函数：

    def get_table_list(self, cursor):
        """Return a list of table and view names in the current database."""
        cursor.execute("SHOW FULL TABLES")
        return [TableInfo(row[0], {'BASE TABLE': 't', 'VIEW': 'v'}.get(row[1]))
                for row in cursor.fetchall()]

这进一步用于：

    def handle_inspection(self, options):
        connection = connections[options['database']]
        # 'table_name_filter' is a stealth option
        table_name_filter = options.get('table_name_filter')

        def table2model(table_name):
            return re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9]', '', table_name.title())

        with connection.cursor() as cursor:
            yield "# This is an auto-generated Django model module."
            yield "# You'll have to do the following manually to clean this up:"
            yield "#   * Rearrange models' order"
            yield "#   * Make sure each model has one field with primary_key=True"
            yield "#   * Make sure each ForeignKey has `on_delete` set to the desired behavior."
            yield (
                "#   * Remove `managed = False` lines if you wish to allow "
                "Django to create, modify, and delete the table"
            )
            yield "# Feel free to rename the models, but don't rename db_table values or field names."
            yield 'from %s import models' % self.db_module
            known_models = []
            table_info = connection.introspection.get_table_list(cursor)

            # Determine types of tables and/or views to be introspected.
            types = {'t'}
            if options['include_partitions']:
                types.add('p')
            if options['include_views']:
                types.add('v')

            for table_name in (options['table'] or sorted(info.name for info in table_info if info.type in types)):
                if table_name_filter is not None and callable(table_name_filter):
                    if not table_name_filter(table_name):
                        continue
                try:
                    try:
                        relations = connection.introspection.get_relations(cursor, table_name)
                    except NotImplementedError:
                        relations = {}
                    try:
                        constraints = connection.introspection.get_constraints(cursor, table_name)
                    except NotImplementedError:
                        constraints = {}
                    primary_key_column = connection.introspection.get_primary_key_column(cursor, table_name)
                    unique_columns = [
                        c['columns'][0] for c in constraints.values()
                        if c['unique'] and len(c['columns']) == 1
                    ]
                    table_description = connection.introspection.get_table_description(cursor, table_name)
                except Exception as e:
                    yield "# Unable to inspect table '%s'" % table_name
                    yield "# The error was: %s" % e
                    continue

                yield ''
                yield ''
                yield 'class %s(models.Model):' % table2model(table_name)
                known_models.append(table2model(table_name))
                used_column_names = []  # Holds column names used in the table so far
                column_to_field_name = {}  # Maps column names to names of model fields
                for row in table_description:
                    comment_notes = []  # Holds Field notes, to be displayed in a Python comment.
                    extra_params = OrderedDict()  # Holds Field parameters such as 'db_column'.
                    column_name = row.name
                    is_relation = column_name in relations

                    att_name, params, notes = self.normalize_col_name(
                        column_name, used_column_names, is_relation)
                    extra_params.update(params)
                    comment_notes.extend(notes)

                    used_column_names.append(att_name)
                    column_to_field_name[column_name] = att_name

                    # Add primary_key and unique, if necessary.
                    if column_name == primary_key_column:
                        extra_params['primary_key'] = True
                    elif column_name in unique_columns:
                        extra_params['unique'] = True

                    if is_relation:
                        rel_to = (
                            "self" if relations[column_name][1] == table_name
                            else table2model(relations[column_name][1])
                        )
                        if rel_to in known_models:
                            field_type = 'ForeignKey(%s' % rel_to
                        else:
                            field_type = "ForeignKey('%s'" % rel_to
                    else:
                        # Calling `get_field_type` to get the field type string and any
                        # additional parameters and notes.
                        field_type, field_params, field_notes = self.get_field_type(connection, table_name, row)
                        extra_params.update(field_params)
                        comment_notes.extend(field_notes)

                        field_type += '('

                    # Don't output 'id = meta.AutoField(primary_key=True)', because
                    # that's assumed if it doesn't exist.
                    if att_name == 'id' and extra_params == {'primary_key': True}:
                        if field_type == 'AutoField(':
                            continue
                        elif field_type == 'IntegerField(' and not connection.features.can_introspect_autofield:
                            comment_notes.append('AutoField?')

                    # Add 'null' and 'blank', if the 'null_ok' flag was present in the
                    # table description.
                    if row.null_ok:  # If it's NULL...
                        extra_params['blank'] = True
                        extra_params['null'] = True

                    field_desc = '%s = %s%s' % (
                        att_name,
                        # Custom fields will have a dotted path
                        '' if '.' in field_type else 'models.',
                        field_type,
                    )
                    if field_type.startswith('ForeignKey('):
                        field_desc += ', models.DO_NOTHING'

                    if extra_params:
                        if not field_desc.endswith('('):
                            field_desc += ', '
                        field_desc += ', '.join('%s=%r' % (k, v) for k, v in extra_params.items())
                    field_desc += ')'
                    if comment_notes:
                        field_desc += '  # ' + ' '.join(comment_notes)
                    yield '    %s' % field_desc
                is_view = any(info.name == table_name and info.type == 'v' for info in table_info)
                is_partition = any(info.name == table_name and info.type == 'p' for info in table_info)
                for meta_line in self.get_meta(table_name, constraints, column_to_field_name, is_view, is_partition):
                    yield meta_line

如果我用SHOW TABLES 替换SHOW FULL TABLES，我还需要更改函数的返回。如果我能以与函数当前返回的内容等效的方式执行此操作，但没有 VIEW 部分，有什么想法吗？

Answer 1

您的 MySQL (4.1.2) 版本大约有 15 年历史，与最新版本的 Django 不兼容。

documentation 声明：

Django 支持 MySQL 5.6 及更高版本。

请更新您的数据库服务器或选择不同的数据库选项来使用 Django。