如何在 python 3.4 中使用 tkinter 添加 2 个滚动条？

Question

我有以下代码：

from win32com.client import Dispatch
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
import tkinter

class applicazione:

def __init__(self, root):
    self.root = root
    self.root.title('Controllo dati per fatturazione elettronica - Manticle - Smith & Nephew Italia')
    ttk.Frame(self.root, width=300, height=250).pack()






    #### label list
    self.titoli = list()
    self.titoli_BFT = ["Num_Doc", "Cod_Art", "Unita Misura", "Tot_Prod", "Quant_Prod", "Perc_IVA_Prod", "Tot_IVA_Prod",
                       "Linea_Prod", "Sconto", "Perc_Sconto", "Tipo_Sconto", "Cod_Art2", "Desc_Art"]
    self.titoli_HFT = ["Dest_Cod_FIS_P_Iva", "Cod_Cli", "Dest_RagSoc1", "Dest_RagSoc2",
                       "Dest_Indirizzo", "Dest_CAP", "Dest_Localita", "Dest_Provincia", "Cli_Cod_Fis_P_Iva",
                        "Cod_Dest", "Cli_RagSoc1", "Cli_RagSoc2", "Cli_Indirizzo", "Cli_CAP",
                       "Cli_Localita", "Cli_Provincia", "Tipo_Doc", "pre_Num_Doc", "Num_Doc",
                        "Data_Doc", "Vs_Rif", "Data_Rif", "Blank", "Blank2", "CPT", "Scad_Pagamento",
                       "Descr", "Num_Ord", "Tot_Imp", "Tot_IVA", "Tot_Doc", "Nazione", "IPA", "Reg_Fiscale"]

    self.titoli_IVA = ["Num_Doc_TMP", "Num_Doc", "Imponibile", "IVA, Tot", "Perc_IVA"]

    self.titoli_RIF_DOC = [ "Num_Doc_TMP", "Num_Doc", "Rif_Doc" ]

    self.titoli_RIF_DOC_BFT = ["Num_Doc_TMP", "Num_Doc", "Cod_Art", "NOTE" ]

    self.titoli_anomalieBFT = ["ordine", "anomalia"]

    self.titoli_anomalieHFT = ["ordine", "anomalia"]

    self.inizializza_widgets()
    self.lettura()



def inizializza_widgets(self):
    #label 

    self.lblins=tkinter.Label(self.root, text="Controllo dati per fatturazione elettronica", font=("Helvetica", 12))
    self.lblins.place(x=10, y=10



    for i in range (0,len(self.titoli_HFT)):
        j = 80*i
        self.lblnome=tkinter.Label(self.root, text= self.titoli_HFT[i], font=("Helvetica", 8))
        self.lblnome.place(x=85+j, y=50)


    #buttons

    ttk.Button(self.root, , text='Inserisci', width='10').place(x=645, y=590)
    #pulsante lettura
    ttk.Button(self.root, text='Modifica', width='10').place(x=725, y=590)

    ttk.Button(self.root, text='Indietro', width='10').place(x=805, y=590)

    ttk.Button(self.root, text='Avanti', width='10').place(x=885, y=590)


def onFrameConfigure(self, event):
    '''Reset the scroll region to encompass the inner frame'''
    self.canvas.configure(scrollregion=self.canvas.bbox("all"))

def lettura(self):
        xl= Dispatch("Excel.Application")
        xl.Visible = True


        self.checkb_intvar = list()   #contiene una lista di 1 o 0 associati alle checkbox nella lista quadratini
        self.quadratiniB = l = [None] * (13 * len(self.titoli_BFT) )
        self.quadratiniH = l = [None] * (13 * len(self.titoli_HFT) )


        wbH = xl.Workbooks.Open(r'C:\Users\\Marco\\LAVORO\\Smith&Nephew\\appRonca\\fonte\\HFT_SAP_2.csv')
        print("wbH")

        wsH=wbH.WorkSheets(1) # get a reference to the first sheet


        cont = 0

        MAX = 3  #13 lunghezza visibile senza barra navigatrice del numero di righe nella finestra 13
        cont = 0
        for i in range(0, MAX):
            for j in range(0,len(self.titoli_HFT)):
                print("for for")
                cont = cont + 1
                print("i")
                print(i)
                print("j")
                print(j)

                print(" The {} set is often represented as {{0}} ".format("empty"))


                #### indexes for DI excel cells management
                k = 80*j      #i con j
                l = 40*i      #k con l


                contvalueX = i + 1  #con zero da errore allora +1
                contvalueY = j + 1  #con zero da errore allora +1

                self.txt1 = tkinter.Text(self.root, width='10', height='1')


                #Reading excel cells file

                if (wsH.Cells(contvalueX, contvalueY ).Value != None):

                    self.txt1.insert('1.0', wsH.Cells(contvalueX, contvalueY ).Value)#ws.Cells(1,i).Value
                    self.txt1.tag_add("start", "1.0", "1.13")
                    if (contvalueY == 1 ):  
                        self.txt1.tag_config("start", background="white", foreground="red")
                    #self.txt1.tag_configure("red", foreground="red")
                    #self.txt1.highlight_pattern("word", "red")
                    #self.txt1 = tkinter.Text(self.root, width='10', height='1', text = ws.Cells(1,i).Value)
                    self.txt1.place(x=85+k, y=80+l)  #5 + 80
                    print("if")

                else:  #None case
                    print("else")
                    self.txt1.insert('1.0', "")
                    self.txt1.place(x=85+k, y=80+l)
                    if (contvalueY == 1 ):  
                        self.txt1.tag_config("start", background="white", foreground="red")




        wbH.Close()
        xl.Quit()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = tkinter.Tk()
    w, h = root.winfo_screenwidth(), root.winfo_screenheight()
    root.geometry("%dx%d+0+0" % (w, h))
    applicazione(root)
    root.mainloop()

运行的应用程序：

我从 excel 文件中读取数据（lettura 函数） 但我想添加一个水平和垂直滚动条，我首先阅读：

Adding a scrollbar to a group of widgets in Tkinter

但使用我不使用的“网格”，我无法将我的双“for”“文本”关联到垂直滚动条（Lettura 函数）

以下代码用滚动条编辑但不起作用：

import tkinter as tk

from win32com.client import Dispatch
from tkinter import *
#from tkinter import ttk
import tkinter

class Example(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, root):

        tk.Frame.__init__(self, root)
        root.title('Controllo dati per fatturazione elettronica - Manticle - Smith & Nephew Italia')
        #tk.Frame(root, width=100, height=450).pack()



        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(root,  borderwidth=0, background="#C0C0C0")
        self.frame = tk.Frame(self.canvas, background="#ffffff")
        self.vsb = tk.Scrollbar(root, orient="vertical", command=self.canvas.yview)
        self.canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=self.vsb.set)

        self.vsb.pack(side="right", fill="y")
        self.canvas.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
        self.canvas.create_window((4,4), window=self.frame, anchor="nw", 
                                  tags="self.frame")

        self.frame.bind("<Configure>", self.onFrameConfigure)


        self.titoli_BFT = ["Num_Doc", "Cod_Art", "Unita Misura", "Tot_Prod", "Quant_Prod", "Perc_IVA_Prod", "Tot_IVA_Prod",
                           "Linea_Prod", "Sconto", "Perc_Sconto", "Tipo_Sconto", "Cod_Art2", "Desc_Art"]

        self.titoli_HFT = ["Dest_Cod_FIS_P_Iva", "Cod_Cli", "Dest_RagSoc1", "Dest_RagSoc2",
                           "Dest_Indirizzo", "Dest_CAP", "Dest_Localita", "Dest_Provincia", "Cli_Cod_Fis_P_Iva",
                            "Cod_Dest", "Cli_RagSoc1", "Cli_RagSoc2", "Cli_Indirizzo", "Cli_CAP",
                           "Cli_Localita", "Cli_Provincia", "Tipo_Doc", "pre_Num_Doc", "Num_Doc",
                            "Data_Doc", "Vs_Rif", "Data_Rif", "Blank", "Blank2", "CPT", "Scad_Pagamento",
                           "Descr", "Num_Ord", "Tot_Imp", "Tot_IVA", "Tot_Doc", "Nazione", "IPA", "Reg_Fiscale"]


        #self.inizializza_widgets()
        self.populate()
        self.lettura()




    def inizializza_widgets(self):
        #label title

        self.lblins=tk.Label(root, text="Controllo dati per fatturazione elettronica", font=("Helvetica", 12))
        self.lblins.place(x=10, y=10)



        for i in range (0,len(self.titoli_HFT)):
            j = 80*i
            self.lblnome=tk.Label(root, text= self.titoli_HFT[i], font=("Helvetica", 8))
            self.lblnome.place(x=85+j, y=50)


        #965 560
        tk.Button(root, text='Inserisci', width='10').place(x=645, y=590)
        #pulsante lettura
        tk.Button(root, text='Modifica', width='10').place(x=725, y=590)

        tk.Button(root, text='Indietro', width='10').place(x=805, y=590)

        tk.Button(root, text='Avanti', width='10').place(x=885, y=590)


    def lettura(self):
            xl= Dispatch("Excel.Application")
            xl.Visible = True

            wbH = xl.Workbooks.Open(r'C:\Users\\Marco\\LAVORO\\Smith&Nephew\\appRonca\\fonte\\HFT_SAP_2.csv')
            print("wbH")

            wsH=wbH.WorkSheets(1) # get a reference to the first sheet



            cont = 0

            MAX = 9  #13 lunghezza visibile senza barra navigatrice del numero di righe nella finestra 13
            cont = 0







            for i in range(0, MAX):
                for j in range(0,len(self.titoli_HFT)):
                    print("for for")
                    cont = cont + 1

                    print("cont")
                    print(cont)

                    #### INDEXES
                    k = 80*j      #i con j
                    l = 40*i      #k con l


                    contvalueX = i + 1  #con zero da errore allora +1
                    contvalueY = j + 1  #con zero da errore allora +1

                    self.txt1 = tk.Text(root, width='10', height='1')




                    #Lettura celle del file HFT

                    if (wsH.Cells(contvalueX, contvalueY ).Value != None):

                        self.txt1.insert('1.0', wsH.Cells(contvalueX, contvalueY ).Value)#ws.Cells(1,i).Value
                        self.txt1.tag_add("start", "1.0", "1.13")
                        if (contvalueY == 1 ):  
                            self.txt1.tag_config("start", background="white", foreground="red")

                        self.txt1.place(x=85+k, y=80+l)  #5 + 80
                        print("if")

                    else: #None case
                        print("else")
                        self.txt1.insert('1.0', "")
                        self.txt1.place(x=85+k, y=80+l)
                        if (contvalueY == 1 ):  #### qui si richiama la funziona regole con tutte le regole
                            self.txt1.tag_config("start", background="white", foreground="red")

            wbH.Close()
            xl.Quit()



    def onFrameConfigure(self, event):
        '''Reset the scroll region to encompass the inner frame'''
        self.canvas.configure(scrollregion=self.canvas.bbox("all"))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    root=tk.Tk()
    Example(root).pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
    root.mainloop()

还有这个： How to add a scrollbar to a window with tkinter? 这不像班级那样组织。

如何实现这 2 个滚动条？

更新

新版本：

from win32com.client import Dispatch
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
import tkinter


class applicazione:


    def __init__(self, root):
        self.root = root

        # Top-level frame

        self.frame = ttk.Frame(self.root, relief="sunken")

        # Canvas creation with double scrollbar
        hscrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(self.frame, orient = tkinter.HORIZONTAL)
        vscrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(self.frame, orient = tkinter.VERTICAL)
        self.canvas = tkinter.Canvas(self.frame, bd=0, highlightthickness=0, yscrollcommand = vscrollbar.set, xscrollcommand = hscrollbar.set)
        vscrollbar.config(command = self.canvas.yview)
        hscrollbar.config(command = self.canvas.xview)


        # Add controls here
        self.subframe = ttk.Frame(self.canvas)

        #Packing everything
        self.subframe.pack(padx   = 15, pady   = 15, fill = tkinter.BOTH, expand = tkinter.TRUE)
        hscrollbar.pack( fill=tkinter.X, side=tkinter.BOTTOM, expand=tkinter.FALSE)
        vscrollbar.pack( fill=tkinter.Y, side=tkinter.RIGHT, expand=tkinter.FALSE)
        self.canvas.pack(side = tkinter.LEFT, padx  = 5, pady   = 5, fill = tkinter.BOTH, expand= tkinter.TRUE)
        self.frame.pack( padx   = 5, pady   = 5, expand = True, fill = tkinter.BOTH)


        self.canvas.create_window(0,0, window = self.subframe)
        self.root.update_idletasks() # update geometry
        self.canvas.config(scrollregion = self.canvas.bbox("all"))
        self.canvas.xview_moveto(0) 
        self.canvas.yview_moveto(0)


        self.root.title('Controllo dati per fatturazione elettronica - Manticle - Smith & Nephew Italia')
        ttk.Frame(self.root, width=300, height=250).pack()


        #### Titles
        self.titoli_HFT = ["Dest_Cod_FIS_P_Iva", "Cod_Cli", "Dest_RagSoc1", "Dest_RagSoc2",
                           "Dest_Indirizzo", "Dest_CAP", "Dest_Localita", "Dest_Provincia", "Cli_Cod_Fis_P_Iva",
                            "Cod_Dest", "Cli_RagSoc1", "Cli_RagSoc2", "Cli_Indirizzo", "Cli_CAP",
                           "Cli_Localita", "Cli_Provincia", "Tipo_Doc", "pre_Num_Doc", "Num_Doc",
                            "Data_Doc", "Vs_Rif", "Data_Rif", "Blank", "Blank2", "CPT", "Scad_Pagamento",
                           "Descr", "Num_Ord", "Tot_Imp", "Tot_IVA", "Tot_Doc", "Nazione", "IPA", "Reg_Fiscale"]



        self.inizializza_widgets()


    def inizializza_widgets(self):

        self.lblins=tkinter.Label(self.root, text="Controllo dati per fatturazione elettronica", font=("Helvetica", 12))
        self.lblins.place(x=10, y=10)

        for i in range (0,len(self.titoli_HFT)):
            j = 80*i
            self.lblnome=tkinter.Label(self.root, text= self.titoli_HFT[i], font=("Helvetica", 8))
            self.lblnome.place(x=85+j, y=50)

        ttk.Button(self.root, text='Inserisci', width='10').place(x=645, y=590)

        ttk.Button(self.root, text='Modifica', width='10').place(x=725, y=590)

        ttk.Button(self.root,  text='Indietro', width='10').place(x=805, y=590)

        ttk.Button(self.root,  text='Avanti', width='10').place(x=885, y=590)



if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = tkinter.Tk()
    root.title( "Double scrollbar with tkinter" )
    w, h = root.winfo_screenwidth(), root.winfo_screenheight()
    root.geometry("%dx%d+0+0" % (w, h))
    applicazione(root)
    root.mainloop()

Answer 1

我也一直在努力创建一个双滚动条窗口。这是一个使用pack 布局管理器的实现（您应该能够为grid 布局定制它）：

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

# Top-level frame
root = tk.Tk()
root.title( "Double scrollbar with tkinter" )
root.minsize(width = 600, height = 600)
frame = ttk.Frame(root, relief="sunken")

# Canvas creation with double scrollbar
hscrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(frame, orient = tk.HORIZONTAL)
vscrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(frame, orient = tk.VERTICAL)
sizegrip = ttk.Sizegrip(frame)
canvas = tk.Canvas(frame, bd=0, highlightthickness=0, yscrollcommand = vscrollbar.set, xscrollcommand = hscrollbar.set)
vscrollbar.config(command = canvas.yview)
hscrollbar.config(command = canvas.xview)


# Add controls here
subframe = ttk.Frame(canvas)

#Packing everything
subframe.pack(padx   = 15, pady   = 15, fill = tk.BOTH, expand = tk.TRUE)
hscrollbar.pack( fill=tk.X, side=tk.BOTTOM, expand=tk.FALSE)
vscrollbar.pack( fill=tk.Y, side=tk.RIGHT, expand=tk.FALSE)
sizegrip.pack(in_ = hscrollbar, side = tk.BOTTOM, anchor = "se")
canvas.pack(side = tk.LEFT, padx  = 5, pady   = 5, fill = tk.BOTH, expand= tk.TRUE)
frame.pack( padx   = 5, pady   = 5, expand = True, fill = tk.BOTH)


canvas.create_window(0,0, window = subframe)
root.update_idletasks() # update geometry
canvas.config(scrollregion = canvas.bbox("all"))
canvas.xview_moveto(0) 
canvas.yview_moveto(0)


# launch the GUI
root.mainloop()

（使用 Python 3.4 测试）。

示例：

它并不完美，因为它缺少右下角的小块。

更新 1：添加 Sizegrip 以调整右下角的大小

更新 2：为 OP 的更新代码添加了工作解决方案

from win32com.client import Dispatch
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
import tkinter


class applicazione(object):


    def __init__(self, root):
        self.root = root

        # Top-level frame
        self.root.title('Controllo dati per fatturazione elettronica - Manticle - Smith & Nephew Italia')

        self.frame = ttk.Frame(self.root, width=300, height=250)

        # Canvas creation with double scrollbar
        hscrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(self.frame, orient = tkinter.HORIZONTAL)
        vscrollbar = ttk.Scrollbar(self.frame, orient = tkinter.VERTICAL)
        sizegrip = ttk.Sizegrip(self.frame)
        self.canvas = tkinter.Canvas(self.frame, bd=0, highlightthickness=0, yscrollcommand = vscrollbar.set, xscrollcommand = hscrollbar.set)
        vscrollbar.config(command = self.canvas.yview)
        hscrollbar.config(command = self.canvas.xview)


        # Add controls here
        self.subframe = ttk.Frame(self.canvas)        


        #### Titles
        self.titoli_HFT = ["Dest_Cod_FIS_P_Iva", "Cod_Cli", "Dest_RagSoc1", "Dest_RagSoc2",
                           "Dest_Indirizzo", "Dest_CAP", "Dest_Localita", "Dest_Provincia", "Cli_Cod_Fis_P_Iva",
                            "Cod_Dest", "Cli_RagSoc1", "Cli_RagSoc2", "Cli_Indirizzo", "Cli_CAP",
                           "Cli_Localita", "Cli_Provincia", "Tipo_Doc", "pre_Num_Doc", "Num_Doc",
                            "Data_Doc", "Vs_Rif", "Data_Rif", "Blank", "Blank2", "CPT", "Scad_Pagamento",
                           "Descr", "Num_Ord", "Tot_Imp", "Tot_IVA", "Tot_Doc", "Nazione", "IPA", "Reg_Fiscale"]



        self.inizializza_widgets()

        #Packing everything
        self.subframe.pack(fill = tkinter.BOTH, expand = tkinter.TRUE)
        hscrollbar.pack( fill=tkinter.X, side=tkinter.BOTTOM, expand=tkinter.FALSE)
        vscrollbar.pack( fill=tkinter.Y, side=tkinter.RIGHT, expand=tkinter.FALSE)
        sizegrip.pack(in_= hscrollbar, side = BOTTOM, anchor = "se")
        self.canvas.pack(side = tkinter.LEFT, padx  = 5, pady  = 5, fill = tkinter.BOTH, expand= tkinter.TRUE)
        self.frame.pack( padx   = 5, pady  = 5, expand = True, fill = tkinter.BOTH)


        self.canvas.create_window(0,0, window = self.subframe)
        self.root.update_idletasks() # update geometry
        self.canvas.config(scrollregion = self.canvas.bbox("all"))
        self.canvas.xview_moveto(0) 
        self.canvas.yview_moveto(0)    


    def inizializza_widgets(self):

        self.LabelFrame = ttk.Frame(self.subframe)
        self.lblins = tkinter.Label(self.LabelFrame, text="Controllo dati per fatturazione elettronica", font=("Helvetica", 12))
        self.lblins.pack()

        for i in range (0,len(self.titoli_HFT)):
            j = 80*i
            self.lblnome=tkinter.Label(self.LabelFrame, text= self.titoli_HFT[i], font=("Helvetica", 8))
            self.lblnome.pack(side = LEFT)#place(x=85+j, y=50)

        self.ContentFrame = ttk.Frame(self.subframe, width = 600, height = 600)

        self.ButtonsFrame = ttk.Frame(self.subframe)
        ttk.Frame(self.ButtonsFrame).pack(side=LEFT, fill = X, expand=TRUE)
        ttk.Button(self.ButtonsFrame, text='Inserisci', width='10').pack(side = LEFT)
        ttk.Button(self.ButtonsFrame, text='Modifica', width='10').pack(side = LEFT)
        ttk.Button(self.ButtonsFrame,  text='Indietro', width='10').pack(side = LEFT)
        ttk.Button(self.ButtonsFrame,  text='Avanti', width='10').pack(side = LEFT)
        ttk.Frame(self.ButtonsFrame).pack(side=RIGHT, fill = X, expand=TRUE)

        self.LabelFrame.pack(side = TOP, fill = X, expand=TRUE)
        self.ContentFrame.pack(fill = BOTH, expand = TRUE)
        self.ButtonsFrame.pack(side = BOTTOM, fill = X, expand = TRUE)



if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = tkinter.Tk()
    root.title( "Double scrollbar with tkinter" )
    w, h = root.winfo_screenwidth(), root.winfo_screenheight()
    root.geometry("%dx%d+0+0" % (0.99*w, 0.9*h))
    applicazione(root)


    root.mainloop()

Answer 2

只是为了扩展@georgesl 的答案并演示 ttk sizegrip 的使用，并表明grid 非常适合这种任务，这里是一个简短的示例，显示了一个带有 2 个滚动条的文本小部件和sizegrip 在角落里。

# Demonstrate text widget with two scrollbars and the sizegrip.
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk

root = tk.Tk()
text = tk.Text(root)
vs = ttk.Scrollbar(root, orient="vertical")
hs = ttk.Scrollbar(root, orient="horizontal")
sizegrip = ttk.Sizegrip(root)

# hook up the scrollbars to the text widget
text.configure(yscrollcommand=vs.set, xscrollcommand=hs.set, wrap="none")
vs.configure(command=text.yview)
hs.configure(command=text.xview)

# grid everything on-screen
text.grid(row=0,column=0,sticky="news")
vs.grid(row=0,column=1,sticky="ns")
hs.grid(row=1,column=0,sticky="news")
sizegrip.grid(row=1,column=1,sticky="news")
root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

def fill():
    for n in range(30):
        text.insert("end", 'hello ' * 20, "", "\n")
root.after(20, fill)
root.mainloop()

Answer 3

将水平和垂直滚动条添加到小部件集合的过程与此答案中提供的解决方案完全相同：https://stackoverflow.com/a/3092341/7432。该答案仅显示垂直滚动条，但添加水平滚动条只需几行代码。

解决方案非常简单：

• 使用您想要的任何方法将小部件添加到框架中
• 使用画布的create_window 方法将框架添加到画布
• 以通常的方式向画布添加滚动条
• 将画布的scrollregion 属性设置为大到足以包含添加的整个帧
  • 在框架中添加或删除小部件时执行此操作
  • 您可能还需要在画布更改大小时执行此操作