如何解决此 WIF/WCF 异常？

Question

我正在尝试实现How To: Enable WIF for a WCF Web Service Application。我一直到第 3 步 - 测试您的解决方案，我得到以下异常：

没有发现机器上安装了 CardSpace 服务的版本。请安装 CardSpace 并重试操作。

异常发生在Client项目的Program.cs第23行：

Console.WriteLine(client.ComputeResponse("Hello World"));

堆栈跟踪：

服务器堆栈跟踪：
在 System.IdentityModel.Selectors.CardSpaceShim.GetCardSpaceImplementationDll()
在 System.IdentityModel.Selectors.CardSpaceShim.InitializeIfNecessary()
在 System.IdentityModel.Selectors.CardSpaceSelector.GetToken(CardSpacePolicyElement[] policyChain, SecurityTokenSerializer tokenSerializer)
在 System.ServiceModel.Description.ClientCredentials.GetInfoCardSecurityToken(Boolean requiresInfoCard, CardSpacePolicyElement[] 链, SecurityTokenSerializer tokenSerializer)
在 System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.StackBuilderSink._PrivateProcessMessage(IntPtr md, Object[] args, Object server, Object[]& outArgs)
在 System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.StackBuilderSink.AsyncProcessMessage(IMessage msg, IMessageSink replySink)

在 [0] 处重新抛出异常：
在 System.Runtime.AsyncResult.End[TAsyncResult]（IAsyncResult 结果）
在 System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableClientRuntime.DisplayInitializationUIAsyncResult.End(IAsyncResult 结果)
在 System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableClientRuntime.EndDisplayInitializationUI（IAsyncResult 结果）
在 System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.ImmutableClientRuntime.DisplayInitializationUI(ServiceChannel 通道)
在 System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel.DisplayInitializationUI()
在 System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel.CallDisplayUIOnce.System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel.ICallOnce.Call（ServiceChannel 通道，TimeSpan 超时）
在 System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel.CallOnceManager.CallOnce（TimeSpan 超时，CallOnceManager 级联）
在 System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel.EnsureDisplayUI()
在 System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel.Call（字符串操作，布尔单向，ProxyOperationRuntime 操作，Object[] 输入，Object[] 输出，TimeSpan 超时）
在 System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannel.Call（字符串操作，布尔单向，ProxyOperationRuntime 操作，Object[] 输入，Object[] 输出）
在 System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannelProxy.InvokeService(IMethodCallMessage methodCall, ProxyOperationRuntime 操作)
在 System.ServiceModel.Channels.ServiceChannelProxy.Invoke(IMessage 消息)

1:
处重新抛出异常 在 System.Runtime.Remoting.Proxies.RealProxy.HandleReturnMessage(IMessage reqMsg, IMessage retMsg)
在 System.Runtime.Remoting.Proxies.RealProxy.PrivateInvoke(MessageData& msgData, Int32 类型)
在 Client.ServiceReference1.IService1.ComputeResponse（字符串输入）
在 c:\Users\currentuser\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\TestService\Client\Service References\ServiceReference1\Reference.cs: 53 行中的 Client.ServiceReference1.Service1Client.ComputeResponse（字符串输入）
在 c:\Users\currentuser\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\TestService\Client\Program.cs:line 23 中的 Client.Program.Main(String[] args)

Answer 1

在您对我之前的回答发表评论后，我在本教程上花了很长时间试图重现您的问题（这很容易）并修复它（这很困难）。

问题是，身份和访问扩展有一个错误，并在服务的 web.config 中放置了错误的颁发者地址。如果您查看 2013 年 8 月 13 日 homepage of Identity and Access tool 上 ChrisPD 的评论，您会看到：

克里斯警察： 在继续调查此问题时，我注意到身份和访问工具将颁发者元数据地址放入“https://localhost/adfs/services/trust/mex”的配置文件中，而不是“http://localhost:15196/wsTrustSTS/mex”的正确值，其中 15196 是工具中分配的端口号。当我将其替换为服务配置并运行添加服务引用时，它生成了一个发行者地址http://localhost:15196/wsTrustSTS/。 因此，Identity and Access 工具中似乎存在一个错误，即在选择 LocalSTS 时它没有插入正确的 issuerMetadata 地址。

我完全按照 ChrisPD 的建议进行操作，但在构建证书链时遇到了小问题，因为 Identity and Access 工具在示例中使用的证书是自签名的，并且仅放置在 LocalMachine\My 商店中。因此它不被信任。我也将它复制到 LocalMachine\Root 存储（我使用了 mmc 控制台）并且它有效。

编辑： 我的 web.config 看起来像

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <section name="system.identityModel" type="System.IdentityModel.Configuration.SystemIdentityModelSection, System.IdentityModel, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=B77A5C561934E089" />
  </configSections>
  <appSettings>
    <add key="aspnet:UseTaskFriendlySynchronizationContext" value="true" />
    <add key="ida:FederationMetadataLocation" value="http://localhost:14060/wsFederationSTS/FederationMetadata/2007-06/FederationMetadata.xml" />
    <add key="ida:ProviderSelection" value="localSTS" />
    <add key="ida:EnforceIssuerValidation" value="false" />
  </appSettings>
  <location path="FederationMetadata">
    <system.web>
      <authorization>
        <allow users="*" />
      </authorization>
    </system.web>
  </location>
  <system.web>
    <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5" />
    <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5" />
  </system.web>
  <system.serviceModel>
    <behaviors>
      <serviceBehaviors>
        <behavior>
          <!-- To avoid disclosing metadata information, set the values below to false before deployment -->
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true" httpsGetEnabled="true" />
          <!-- To receive exception details in faults for debugging purposes, set the value below to true.  Set to false before deployment to avoid disclosing exception information -->
          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false" />
          <serviceCredentials useIdentityConfiguration="true">
            <!--Certificate added by Identity and Access Tool for Visual Studio.-->
            <serviceCertificate findValue="CN=localhost" storeLocation="LocalMachine" storeName="My" x509FindType="FindBySubjectDistinguishedName" />
          </serviceCredentials>
        </behavior>
      </serviceBehaviors>
    </behaviors>
    <protocolMapping>
      <add scheme="http" binding="ws2007FederationHttpBinding" />
      <add binding="basicHttpsBinding" scheme="https" />
    </protocolMapping>
    <serviceHostingEnvironment aspNetCompatibilityEnabled="true" multipleSiteBindingsEnabled="true" />
    <bindings>
      <ws2007FederationHttpBinding>
        <binding name="">
          <security mode="Message">
            <message>
              <issuerMetadata address="http://localhost:14060/wsTrustSTS/mex" />
            </message>
          </security>
        </binding>
      </ws2007FederationHttpBinding>
    </bindings>
  </system.serviceModel>
  <system.webServer>
    <modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true" />
    <!--
        To browse web app root directory during debugging, set the value below to true.
        Set to false before deployment to avoid disclosing web app folder information.
      -->
    <directoryBrowse enabled="true" />
  </system.webServer>
  <system.identityModel>
    <identityConfiguration>
      <audienceUris>
        <add value="http://localhost:49768/Service1.svc" />
      </audienceUris>
      <!--Commented by Identity and Access VS Package-->
      <!--<issuerNameRegistry type="System.IdentityModel.Tokens.ValidatingIssuerNameRegistry, System.IdentityModel.Tokens.ValidatingIssuerNameRegistry"><authority name="LocalSTS"><keys><add thumbprint="9B74CB2F320F7AAFC156E1252270B1DC01EF40D0" /></keys><validIssuers><add name="LocalSTS" /></validIssuers></authority></issuerNameRegistry>-->
      <!--certificationValidationMode set to "None" by the the Identity and Access Tool for Visual Studio. For development purposes.-->
      <certificateValidation certificateValidationMode="None" />
      <issuerNameRegistry type="System.IdentityModel.Tokens.ConfigurationBasedIssuerNameRegistry, System.IdentityModel, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089">
        <trustedIssuers>
          <add thumbprint="9B74CB2F320F7AAFC156E1252270B1DC01EF40D0" name="LocalSTS" />
        </trustedIssuers>
      </issuerNameRegistry>
    </identityConfiguration>
  </system.identityModel>
</configuration>

和 app.config 类似：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
    <startup> 
        <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5" />
    </startup>
    <system.serviceModel>
        <bindings>
            <ws2007FederationHttpBinding>
                <binding name="WS2007FederationHttpBinding_IService1">
                    <security>
                        <message>
                            <issuer address="http://localhost:14060/wsTrustSTS/" binding="ws2007HttpBinding"
                                bindingConfiguration="http://localhost:14060/wsTrustSTS/">
                                <identity>
                                    <userPrincipalName value="ellework\ppolacko" />
                                </identity>
                            </issuer>
                            <issuerMetadata address="http://localhost:14060/wsTrustSTS/mex" />
                            <tokenRequestParameters>
                                <trust:SecondaryParameters xmlns:trust="http://docs.oasis-open.org/ws-sx/ws-trust/200512">
                                    <trust:KeyType xmlns:trust="http://docs.oasis-open.org/ws-sx/ws-trust/200512">http://docs.oasis-open.org/ws-sx/ws-trust/200512/SymmetricKey</trust:KeyType>
                                    <trust:KeySize xmlns:trust="http://docs.oasis-open.org/ws-sx/ws-trust/200512">256</trust:KeySize>
                                    <trust:KeyWrapAlgorithm xmlns:trust="http://docs.oasis-open.org/ws-sx/ws-trust/200512">http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#rsa-oaep-mgf1p</trust:KeyWrapAlgorithm>
                                    <trust:EncryptWith xmlns:trust="http://docs.oasis-open.org/ws-sx/ws-trust/200512">http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#aes256-cbc</trust:EncryptWith>
                                    <trust:SignWith xmlns:trust="http://docs.oasis-open.org/ws-sx/ws-trust/200512">http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#hmac-sha1</trust:SignWith>
                                    <trust:CanonicalizationAlgorithm xmlns:trust="http://docs.oasis-open.org/ws-sx/ws-trust/200512">http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#</trust:CanonicalizationAlgorithm>
                                    <trust:EncryptionAlgorithm xmlns:trust="http://docs.oasis-open.org/ws-sx/ws-trust/200512">http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#aes256-cbc</trust:EncryptionAlgorithm>
                                </trust:SecondaryParameters>
                            </tokenRequestParameters>
                        </message>
                    </security>
                </binding>
            </ws2007FederationHttpBinding>
            <ws2007HttpBinding>
                <binding name="http://localhost:14060/wsTrustSTS/">
                    <security>
                        <message establishSecurityContext="false" />
                    </security>
                </binding>
            </ws2007HttpBinding>
        </bindings>
        <client>
            <endpoint address="http://localhost:49768/Service1.svc" binding="ws2007FederationHttpBinding"
                bindingConfiguration="WS2007FederationHttpBinding_IService1"
                contract="ServiceReference1.IService1" name="WS2007FederationHttpBinding_IService1">
                <identity>
                    <certificate encodedValue="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" />
                </identity>
            </endpoint>
        </client>
    </system.serviceModel>
</configuration>