如何在 Python 中管理内存

Question

我有一个用 python 开发的简单软件。我的电脑不是很强大，但我需要在我的电脑上同时运行 20 到 40 个这样的程序。

当我进入任务管理器时，我观察到程序虽然很简单，但它占用了大量的内存。您可以在下图中看到它；

我在内存管理方面做错了吗？如何配置程序以使我的计算机不那么累人？谢谢你的帮助:)

我的代码如下；

import ops
import talib
import numpy
import math
import time
import urllib.request
from datetime import datetime
import csv
import smtplib
import config
from binance.client import Client

while True:
    time.sleep(1)

    now = datetime.now()

    if (now.minute % 5) == 0 and now.second == 3:
        ops.check_internet_conn(urllib, time)
        now = ops.check_time(datetime, time, now, 5)
        client = Client(config.api_key, config.api_secret)
        balance = 15.0
        is_active = ops.check_active_positions(client, time, "ETHUSDT")
        candles = ops.get_candlesticks(client, time)
        close_prices = ops.get_close_prices(candles)
        numpy_prices = numpy.array(close_prices)
        ema_200 = talib.EMA(numpy_prices, 200)
        selected_cs = 498
        ts = int(candles[selected_cs][0])
        dt_obj = datetime.fromtimestamp(ts / 1000)

        high = float("{:.2f}".format(float(candles[(selected_cs - 1)][2])))
        low = float("{:.2f}".format(float(candles[(selected_cs - 1)][3])))
        close = float("{:.2f}".format(float(candles[selected_cs][4])))

        ema = float("{:.2f}".format(float(ema_200[selected_cs])))
        bb_upper = float("{:.2f}".format(float(upper[selected_cs])))
        bb_middle = float("{:.2f}".format(float(middle[selected_cs])))
        bb_lower = float("{:.2f}".format(float(lower[selected_cs])))

        if close > ema:
            direction = "BUY"
        else:
            direction = "SELL"

        stop_loss = ops.calc_stop_loss(direction, close, high, low)
        take_profit = ops.calc_take_profit(direction, close, high, low)
        leverage = 3

        quantity = ops.calc_quantity(time, balance, leverage, close)

        print("----------------------------------------")
        print("Run Time:             {0}:{1}:{2}".format(now.hour, now.minute, now.second))
        print("CS Datetime:         ", dt_obj)
        print("USDT Balance:        ", balance, "USDT")
        print("----------------------------------------")
        print("High:                ", high)
        print("Low:                 ", low)
        print("Close:               ", close)
        print("----------------------------------------")
        print("Ema                  ", ema)
        print("----------------------------------------")
        print("Entry Price:         ", close)
        print("Take Profit:         ", take_profit)
        print("Stop Loss:           ", stop_loss)
        print("Leverage:            ", leverage)
        print("Direction:           ", direction)
        print("Quantity:            ", quantity)
        print("----------------------------------------")
        print("Is Active:           ", is_active)
        print("----------------------------------------")

        b_cons = close > ema and is_active == False and 0 < leverage < 101
        s_cons = close < ema and is_active == False and 0 < leverage < 101

        if b_cons or s_cons:
            ops.close_open_orders(client, time, "ETHUSDT")
            ops.set_leverage(client, time, leverage)
            ops.place_order(client, time, direction, quantity, close)
            ops.set_stop_loss(client, time, direction, stop_loss)
            ops.set_take_profit(client, time, direction, take_profit)

ops.py

def check_internet_conn(urllib, time):

    print("\n----------------------------------------")
    while True:
        try:
            urllib.request.urlopen('http://google.com')
            print("İnternet bağlantısı mevcut.")
            break
        except Exception:
            print("İnternet bağlantısı yok. Tekrar bağlantı deneniyor..")
            time.sleep(5)

def check_time(datetime, time, old_now, mn):
    now = datetime.now()
    if old_now.minute != now.minute:
        while True:
            time.sleep(1)

            now = datetime.now()

            if (now.minute % mn) == 0 and now.second == 0:
                break

    return now

def get_candlesticks(client, time):
    while True:
        try:
            candles = client.futures_klines(symbol='ETHUSDT', interval=client.KLINE_INTERVAL_5MINUTE)

            if len(candles) > 0:
                return candles

        except Exception as e:
            print("Candles Error:", e)
            time.sleep(1)
            pass

def get_close_prices(cs_list):
    close_prices = []

    for candle in cs_list:
        close_prices.append(float(candle[4]))

    return close_prices

def calc_stop_loss(side, close_price, last_high, last_low):
    if side == "BUY":
        difference = close_price - last_low
        stop_loss = float("{:.2f}".format(close_price - (difference * 1.1)))
    else:
        difference = last_high - close_price
        stop_loss = float("{:.2f}".format(close_price + (difference * 1.1)))

    return stop_loss

def calc_take_profit(side, close_price, last_high, last_low):
    if side == "BUY":
        difference = close_price - last_low
        take_profit = float("{:.2f}".format(close_price + (difference * 1.1 * 1.5)))
    else:
        difference = last_high - close_price
        take_profit = float("{:.2f}".format(close_price - (difference * 1.1 * 1.5)))

    return take_profit

def calc_quantity(time, balance, leverage, close):
    while True:
        try:
            quantity = float("{:.3f}".format(((balance * 0.9) / close) * leverage))
            if type(quantity) == float:
                return quantity
        except Exception as e:
            print("Quantity Error:", e)
            time.sleep(1)
            pass

def check_active_positions(client, time, coin):
    while True:
        try:
            positions = client.futures_position_information()
            amount = None

            for pos in positions:
                if pos["symbol"] == coin:
                    amount = float(pos["positionAmt"])

            if len(positions) > 0 and amount == 0:
                return False
            elif len(positions) > 0 and amount != 0:
                return True
        except Exception as e:
            print("Check Active Position Error:", e)
            time.sleep(1)
            pass

def close_open_orders(client, time, symbol):
    while True:
        try:
            client.futures_cancel_all_open_orders(symbol=symbol)
            break
        except Exception as e:
            print("Close Open Orders Error:", e)
            time.sleep(1)
            pass

def set_leverage(client, time, leverage):
    while True:
        try:
            client.futures_change_leverage(symbol="ETHUSDT", leverage=leverage)
            break
        except Exception as e:
            print("Set Leverage Error:", e)
            time.sleep(1)
            pass

def place_order(client, time, direction, quantity, close):
    if direction == "BUY":
        while True:
            try:
                buy_sell_order = client.futures_create_order(symbol="ETHUSDT", side=direction, type="LIMIT",
                                                             timeinforce="GTC", quantity=quantity, price=close)
                print("Buy Order :", buy_sell_order)
                print("----------------------------------------")
                break
            except Exception as e:
                print("Buy Order Error:", e)
                time.sleep(1)
                pass
    else:
        while True:
            try:
                buy_sell_order = client.futures_create_order(symbol="ETHUSDT", side=direction, type="LIMIT",
                                                             timeinforce="GTC", quantity=quantity, price=close)
                print("Buy Order :", buy_sell_order)
                print("----------------------------------------")
                break
            except Exception as e:
                print("Sell Order Error:", e)
                time.sleep(1)
                pass

def set_stop_loss(client, time, direction, stop_loss):
    if direction == "BUY":
        while True:
            try:
                stop_loss_order = client.futures_create_order(symbol="ETHUSDT", side="SELL", type="STOP_MARKET",
                                                              stopPrice=stop_loss, closePosition="true")
                print("Stop Loss Order :", stop_loss_order)
                print("----------------------------------------")
                break
            except Exception as e:
                print("Set Stop Loss Error:", e)
                time.sleep(1)
                pass
    else:
        while True:
            try:
                stop_loss_order = client.futures_create_order(symbol="ETHUSDT", side="BUY", type="STOP_MARKET",
                                                              stopPrice=stop_loss, closePosition="true")
                print("Stop Loss Order :", stop_loss_order)
                print("----------------------------------------")
                break

            except Exception as e:
                print("Set Stop Loss Error:", e)
                time.sleep(1)
                pass

def set_take_profit(client, time, direction, take_profit):
    if direction == "BUY":
        while True:
            try:
                take_profit_order = client.futures_create_order(symbol="ETHUSDT", side="SELL",
                                                                type="TAKE_PROFIT_MARKET", stopPrice=take_profit,
                                                                closePosition="true")
                print("Take Profit Order:", take_profit_order)
                print("----------------------------------------")
                break
            except Exception as e:
                print("Set Take Profit Error:", e)
                time.sleep(1)
                pass
    else:
        while True:
            try:
                take_profit_order = client.futures_create_order(symbol="ETHUSDT", side="BUY",
                                                                type="TAKE_PROFIT_MARKET", stopPrice=take_profit,
                                                                closePosition="true")
                print("Take Profit Order:", take_profit_order)
                print("----------------------------------------")
                break

            except Exception as e:
                print("Set Take Profit Error:", e)
                time.sleep(1)
                pass

Answer 1

在发布的打印屏幕上，您显示了IDE。需要明确的是，PyCharm 不是您的 Python 程序。您应该在控制台中运行您的 python 代码。在这种情况下，有 20 个控制台 (cmd)。此外，PyCharm 有时需要大量 RAM，这完全正常。

如果您有 Windows 操作系统，您可以尝试在 cmd 中运行 python 代码。只需在 cmd 窗口中输入：

python [my_code].py

它应该可以工作。

Answer 2

如果您担心内存使用情况，如果 PyCharm 占用大量内存，请尝试在 cmd 上运行它们。由于它是一个 IDE，除了运行您的代码之外，它还可能在后台做一些事情。

除此之外，可能值得分析一下您的 Python 代码的内存使用情况，看看您是否可以进行某种代码优化。你可以使用memory_profiler 之类的东西。