使用 SDL 2 和 -static 编译时接收到对各种 Windows 库的未定义引用？答案

【问题标题】：Receiving undefined references to various Windows libraries when compiling with SDL 2 and -static?使用 SDL 2 和 -static 编译时接收到对各种 Windows 库的未定义引用？
【发布时间】：2015-02-01 06:46:45
【问题描述】：

我正在修改 SDL2 中的 Wolfenstein 3D 引擎（使用 Wolf4SDL 作为基础），我遇到了一个问题 - 在链接器选项中使用 -static 时，我得到了大量未定义的引用对各种事物。这是我的构建日志以显示我的意思：

-------------- Build: Debug in Lazarus (compiler: GNU GCC Compiler)---------------
i686-w64-mingw32-g++.exe -LC:\SDL2\lib -o Lazarus.exe .objs\alu_cache.o .objs\alu_dbg_mem.o .objs\alu_gfx.o .objs\alu_hud.o .objs\alu_in.o .objs\alu_me_core.o .objs\alu_me_gui.o .objs\alu_me_symbols.o .objs\alu_me_textinput.o .objs\alu_me_tools.o .objs\alu_me_windows.o .objs\alu_menu.o .objs\alu_pak.o .objs\alu_particles.o .objs\asmcomp.o .objs\id_us_1.o .objs\vieasm.o .objs\wl_act1.o .objs\wl_act2.o .objs\wl_agent.o .objs\wl_debug.o .objs\wl_dir3dspr.o .objs\wl_draw.o .objs\wl_floorceiling.o .objs\wl_game.o .objs\wl_inter.o .objs\wl_main.o .objs\wl_play.o .objs\wl_state.o .objs\wl_text.o  -static -pg -lgmon  -lmingw32 -lSDL2main -lSDL2 -lSDL2_image -lSDL2_mixer -mwindows 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_systimer.o): In function `timeSetPeriod': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/timer/windows/SDL_systimer.c:58: undefined reference to `_imp__timeBeginPeriod@4' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/timer/windows/SDL_systimer.c:52: undefined reference to `_imp__timeEndPeriod@4' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/timer/windows/SDL_systimer.c:58: undefined reference to `_imp__timeBeginPeriod@4' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_systimer.o): In function `SDL_TicksInit': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/timer/windows/SDL_systimer.c:106: undefined reference to `_imp__timeGetTime@0' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_systimer.o): In function `timeSetPeriod': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/timer/windows/SDL_systimer.c:52: undefined reference to `_imp__timeEndPeriod@4' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/timer/windows/SDL_systimer.c:52: undefined reference to `_imp__timeEndPeriod@4' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_systimer.o): In function `SDL_GetTicks_REAL': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/timer/windows/SDL_systimer.c:159: undefined reference to `_imp__timeGetTime@0' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_systimer.o): In function `timeSetPeriod': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/timer/windows/SDL_systimer.c:58: undefined reference to `_imp__timeBeginPeriod@4' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_systimer.o): In function `SDL_TicksInit': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/timer/windows/SDL_systimer.c:106: undefined reference to `_imp__timeGetTime@0' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_systimer.o): In function `timeSetPeriod': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/timer/windows/SDL_systimer.c:52: undefined reference to `_imp__timeEndPeriod@4' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_systimer.o): In function `SDL_GetTicks_REAL': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/timer/windows/SDL_systimer.c:159: undefined reference to `_imp__timeGetTime@0' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_systimer.o): In function `timeSetPeriod': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/timer/windows/SDL_systimer.c:58: undefined reference to `_imp__timeBeginPeriod@4' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_systimer.o): In function `SDL_TicksInit': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/timer/windows/SDL_systimer.c:106: undefined reference to `_imp__timeGetTime@0' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_systimer.o): In function `timeSetPeriod': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/timer/windows/SDL_systimer.c:52: undefined reference to `_imp__timeEndPeriod@4' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windows.o): In function `WIN_CoInitialize': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/core/windows/SDL_windows.c:68: undefined reference to `_imp__CoInitializeEx@8' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windows.o): In function `WIN_CoUninitialize': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/core/windows/SDL_windows.c:87: undefined reference to `_imp__CoUninitialize@0' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_SetupAPI': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:596: undefined reference to `ImmGetIMEFileNameA@12' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:609: undefined reference to `ImmGetContext@4' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:612: undefined reference to `ImmReleaseContext@8' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_GetId': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:530: undefined reference to `ImmGetIMEFileNameA@12' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:545: undefined reference to `GetFileVersionInfoSizeA@8' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:549: undefined reference to `GetFileVersionInfoA@16' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:550: undefined reference to `VerQueryValueA@16' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `UILess_GetCandidateList': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:966: undefined reference to `_imp__SysFreeString@4' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_ClearComposition': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:662: undefined reference to `ImmGetContext@4' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:666: undefined reference to `ImmNotifyIME@16' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:670: undefined reference to `ImmNotifyIME@16' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:671: undefined reference to `ImmReleaseContext@8' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_Disable': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:344: undefined reference to `ImmAssociateContext@8' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_ClearComposition': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:668: undefined reference to `ImmSetCompositionStringW@24' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:662: undefined reference to `ImmGetContext@4' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:666: undefined reference to `ImmNotifyIME@16' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:670: undefined reference to `ImmNotifyIME@16' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:671: undefined reference to `ImmReleaseContext@8' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:668: undefined reference to `ImmSetCompositionStringW@24' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `UIElementSink_BeginUIElement@12': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:1033: undefined reference to `_imp__SysFreeString@4' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `UIElementSink_UpdateUIElement@8': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:1060: undefined reference to `_imp__SysFreeString@4' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_Init': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:289: undefined reference to `_imp__CoCreateInstance@20' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:303: undefined reference to `ImmGetContext@4' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:304: undefined reference to `ImmReleaseContext@8' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `UILess_SetupSinks': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:1174: undefined reference to `_imp__CoCreateInstance@20' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_GetId': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:530: undefined reference to `ImmGetIMEFileNameA@12' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:545: undefined reference to `GetFileVersionInfoSizeA@8' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:549: undefined reference to `GetFileVersionInfoA@16' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_GetReadingString': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:402: undefined reference to `ImmGetContext@4' 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:477: undefined reference to `ImmReleaseContext@8' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_GetId': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:550: undefined reference to `VerQueryValueA@16' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_Quit': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:358: undefined reference to `ImmAssociateContext@8' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_Enable': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:329: undefined reference to `ImmAssociateContext@8' 
C:\SDL2\lib\libSDL2.a(SDL_windowskeyboard.o): In function `IME_ClearComposition': 
/Users/slouken/release/SDL/SDL2-2.0.3-source/foo-x86/../src/video/windows/SDL_windowskeyboard.c:662: undefined reference to `ImmGetContext@4' 
Process terminated with status 1 (0 minute(s), 0 second(s)) 
50 error(s), 0 warning(s) (0 minute(s), 0 second(s))

链接普通 Wolf4SDL mod（使用 SDL 1.2）时不会发生这种情况，如果我不使用 -static 则链接正确，但如果没有其他各种 DLL（即 libgcc_s_dw2-1. dll等）。虽然我可以更改 PATH 以包含我的 MinGW 目录，但当需要分发它时，我不能指望每个人都安装 MinGW，并且我想将我与我的 mod 一起分发的 DLL 的数量保持在最低限度考虑我已经在使用带有大量 DLL 的 SDL_mixer 和 SDL_image。有没有人可以解决这个问题？

【问题讨论】：

使用安装程序（如 InnoSetup）并以这种方式打包所有组件。 I can't expect everyone to have MinGW installed 是的，这就是安装程序的工作——您打包运行应用程序所需的所有内容，并让安装程序处理这些。此外，我确信必要的可再分发文件集记录在某处
虽然我可以这样做，但我宁愿不必让人们安装它；我宁愿它是可移植的，并拥有所有必要的 DLL。此外，任何其他 Wolf4SDL mod 都不会发生这种情况，据我所知，其他 SDL2 应用程序也不会发生这种情况。所以要么我搞砸了，要么 mingw-w64 做了一些奇怪的事情，无论哪种方式，我都想弄清楚出了什么问题。
嗯，你的错误包含_imp__xxxx not being found。这意味着您正在使用导入库，因此最终构建应用程序时将使用 DLL。它当然不像是链接到静态库的构建。
人们不需要所有的 MinGW 发行版来运行你的应用程序，你只需要将你的可执行文件与你的二进制文件需要的共享库一起发布。就像用于简单 SDL2 项目的 gcc 共享库和 pthread。
我知道，它只需要三个特定的 DLL 即可运行 - libstdc++、libgcc 和 libwinpthread。问题是我以前从来不需要用任何东西分发它们，因为在使用 SDL 1.2 时我能够静态链接而没有任何问题，而且我宁愿不必分发任何其他 DLL，而不是已经分发。

标签： c++ sdl sdl-2

【解决方案1】：

好的，解决了问题 - 我需要链接各种 Windows 库，即 Ole32、Oleaut32、Imm32、Winmm 和 Version。不知道为什么 SDL 1 不是这种情况；迁移指南中也没有提到它，所以我不确定差异来自哪里。

【讨论】：

也别忘了 setupapi 和 gdi32 ;)

【解决方案2】：

对我来说，这意味着“使用 pkg-config --static”，因为我编译了一个纯静态版本并想使用它。

猜猜这就是 pkg-config 的运行方式。另一种选择（如提到的 OP）是添加“带外”所需的库或修改 sdl2.pc 使其在 Libs: 行（不是 Libs.static: 行可能已经有了）。

再一次，这就是 pkg-config 的运行方式：|

【讨论】：