Python请求多部分数据

Question

我正在尝试发送 2 张照片 + json-payload 请求。首先，我按照How to send a "multipart/form-data" with requests in python? 中的描述做了，但它不起作用。

from requests_toolbelt.multipart.encoder import MultipartEncoder

import requests

mp_encoder = MultipartEncoder(fields={"parameters": {"sysId": 1, "clientId": 4029487, "fsid": 'ChNKoXqa87YucQ1nlf3hJGTl',
                               "deviceId":"89DEB49F37DD49559D124C9F3AFA2A54"},
                                                          'file1':('img317.jpg',open('/Users/12fhntv21Q/Downloads/pasport_rf.jpg',"rb"),'image/jpeg'),
                                                          'file2':('img317.jpg',open('/Users/12fhntv21Q/Downloads/pasport_rf_1.jpg',"rb"),'image/jpeg')
                                                          }
                                          )
print(mp_encoder)
url = 'https://clientsapi01./..../'
response = requests.post(url,headers={'Content-Type': mp_encoder.content_type}, data=mp_encoder)

给出这样的错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/12fhntv21Q/PycharmProjects/Api_Test/Client_CUPIS/identification_cupis.py", line 17, in <module>
    'file2':('img317.jpg',open('/Users/12fhntv21Q/Downloads/pasport_rf_1.jpg',"rb"),'image/jpeg')
  File "/Users/12fhntv21Q/Api_Test/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests_toolbelt/multipart/encoder.py", line 125, in __init__
    self._prepare_parts()
  File "/Users/12fhntv21Q/Api_Test/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests_toolbelt/multipart/encoder.py", line 246, in _prepare_parts
    self.parts = [Part.from_field(f, enc) for f in self._iter_fields()]
  File "/Users/12fhntv21Q/Api_Test/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests_toolbelt/multipart/encoder.py", line 246, in <listcomp>
    self.parts = [Part.from_field(f, enc) for f in self._iter_fields()]
  File "/Users/12fhntv21Q/Api_Test/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests_toolbelt/multipart/encoder.py", line 494, in from_field
    body = coerce_data(field.data, encoding)
  File "/Users/12fhntv21Q/Api_Test/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests_toolbelt/multipart/encoder.py", line 472, in coerce_data
    return CustomBytesIO(data, encoding)
  File "/Users/12fhntv21Q/Api_Test/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests_toolbelt/multipart/encoder.py", line 535, in __init__
    buffer = encode_with(buffer, encoding)
  File "/Users/12fhntv21Q/Api_Test/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests_toolbelt/multipart/encoder.py", line 416, in encode_with
    return string.encode(encoding)
AttributeError: 'dict' object has no attribute 'encode'

尝试从邮递员导入请求代码（其中2张照片和参数发送正确）

导入请求

 url = "https://clientsapi01/..../"

        payload = "------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW\r\nContent-Disposition:" \
              " form-data; name=\"parameters\"\r\n\r\n{\"sysId\":1,\n\"lang\":\"ru\"," \
              "\n\"clientId\":4029487,\n\"fsid\":\"ChNKoXqa87YucQ1nlf3hJGTl\"," \
              "\n\"devPrototype\":false,\n\"devPrototypeValue\":0," \
              "\n\"deviceId\":\"89DEB49F37DD49559D124C9F3AFA2A54\"}" \
              "\r\n------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW\r\n" \
              "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file1\"; " \
              "filename=\"img317.jpg\"\r\nContent-Type: image/jpeg\r\n\r\n\r\n" \
              "------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW\r\n" \
              "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file2\"; filename=\"img318.jpg" \
              "\"\r\nContent-Type: image/jpeg\r\n\r\n\r\n------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--"
    headers = {
        'content-type': "multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW",
        'Content-Type': "multipart/mixed",
        'User-Agent': "PostmanRuntime/7.18.0",
        'Accept': "*/*",
        'Cache-Control': "no-cache",
        'Postman-Token': "9faf7642-3ba3-44da-9353-295a90073191,93b2a684-2b39-496a-b492-68899c3cb82c",
        'Host': "clientsapi01.bksndbx.com",
        'Accept-Encoding': "gzip, deflate",
        'Content-Length': "4566826",
        'Connection': "keep-alive",
        'cache-control': "no-cache"
        }

    response = requests.request("POST", url, data=payload, headers=headers)

    print(response.text)

Вut in 也不起作用。 最后，这个方法：

payload_for_request = {"parameters": [{"sysId": 1, "clientId": 4029487, "fsid": 'JXvI1jbXteO8NOpRZPAeKeeh',
                                      "deviceId":"89DEB49F37DD49559D124C9F3AFA2A54",
                                       "lang":"ru"}]}

files = [("file1",("img317.jpg", open('img317.jpg',"rb"),'image/jpeg')),
         ("file2", ("img318.jpg",open('img318.jpg',"rb"), 'image/jpeg'))]

headers={'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data; boundary=93c1068f0d0c354feca39cdd75562cf0'}
r = requests.post(url,   data=payload_for_request, files=files)
print(r.text)
print(r.headers)

同样抛出错误 - {"result":"error","errorCode":1,"errorMessage":"bad request","errorValue":"common parameters parsing error"}

Answer 1

以下示例是使用请求使用两个图像 + 一些数据（在本例中为温度）发出 POST 请求的基本示例：

import requests
import os

def send_data_to_server(image_path1, image_path2, temperature):

    image_filename1 = os.path.basename(image_path1)
    image_filename2 = os.path.basename(image_path2)

    multipart_form_data = {
        'image1': (image_filename1, open(image_path2, 'rb')),
        'image2': (image_filename2, open(image_path2, 'rb')),
        'temperature': ('', str(temperature)),
    }

    response = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', files=multipart_form_data)

    return(response.status_code)


test1 = send_data_to_server("sample444.jpg", "sample555.jpg", 39.2)


print(test1)

如果你在处理更多的图像，你自然会有列表输入参数，而不是单独的每个图像路径，并且 JSON 会有点大，或者可能会有所不同。

Answer 2

file1 = '/Users/12fhntv21Q/Downloads/img317.jpg'
file2 = '/Users/12fhntv21Q/Downloads/img318.jpg'

url_t = 'createProcess'

def send_data_to_server(image_path1, image_path2):

    image_filename1 = os.path.basename(image_path1)
    image_filename2 = os.path.basename(image_path2)

    payload = {"sysId": 1, "clientId": 4029487, "fsid": 'JXvI1jbXteO8NOpRZPAeKeeh',
                               "deviceId":"89DEB49F37DD49559D124C9F3AFA2A54"}
    #bytes_payload = json.dumps(payload).encode('utf-8')
    multipart_form_data = {
        'file1': (image_filename1, open(file1, 'rb')),
        'file2': (image_filename2, open(file2, 'rb')),
        "parameters": payload
    }


    response = requests.post(url_t, files=multipart_form_data)
    print(response.text)
    print(response.headers)
    return(response.status_code)

test1 = send_data_to_server("img317.jpg", "img318.jpg")

如果我在 "multipart_form_data" 中使用嵌套 dict 运行函数，则结果为 TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'dict'。 但是，如果我制作bytes_payload = json.dumps(payload).encode('utf-8') 并在"multipart_form_data" 中将嵌套字典转换为字节类型-b"parameter" : bytes_payload，那么我得到的结果是{"result":"error","errorCode":1,"errorMessage":"bad request","errorValue":"Only jpg and png files allowed."}