正如 Sam 注意到的,MFP 是一个模板,而 std::map 的第二个模板参数需要一个类型。因此,您需要在使用函数指针填充映射之前获取实际类型。让我为这个案例提出最直接的方法——模板类。有了它,您将需要在对象实例化时列出所有所需的返回类型,但您将能够Call 使用任何这些类型。我将使用std::functions 代替指针,但您可以轻松回滚到函数指针。
首先,我们不知道类用户需要多少种类型,所以让我们将其设为可变参数。由于map 需要一个完整的类型,我们需要一堆映射——每种类型一个。最常见的获取方式是元组,在我们的例子中需要进行包扩展。使用元组,我们可以在编译时搜索所需的映射,然后在运行时按名称搜索其中的函数。看一下带解释的代码:
template<typename ...Types>
class B {
private:
// Template alias for std::function.
template<typename T>
using MFP = std::function<T()>;
/* Tuple of maps from std::string to MFP for all types
in Types parameter pack. */
std::tuple<std::map<std::string, MFP<Types>>...> fmap;
template<typename T>
T f() { return 2.5; }
template<typename T>
T g() { return 1.0f; }
// Call implementation with compile-time pattern matching.
// T is return type, U is current matching type
template<typename T, size_t idx, typename U, typename ...Ts>
struct CallImpl {
static T callImpl(B* this_ptr, const std::string & s) {
/* If we exhausted Ts pack, we have no proper instance for
requested return type. Let's print a human-readable
compilation error message. */
static_assert((sizeof ... (Ts)) > 0,
"Requested return type not found.");
/* Otherwise discard U, increment tuple index
and try the next type. */
return CallImpl<T, idx + 1, Ts...>::callImpl(this_ptr, s);
}
};
/* This partial specialization is called when return
* type (T in above declaration) matches
* stored type (U in above declaration). */
template<typename T, size_t idx, typename ...Ts>
struct CallImpl<T, idx, T, Ts...> {
static T callImpl(B* this_ptr, const std::string & s) {
/* First, get the map from tuple by index.
This operation is either always valid in runtime or does not compile.
Next, get function object from map. It may fail in runtime
if user passed invalid string, so consider using map::at
or add any other sensible logic for this case. */
return std::get<idx>(this_ptr->fmap)[s]();
}
};
public:
B() {
/* Populate map with objects. Ellipsis in the last line
expands Types as needed. */
fmap = std::make_tuple(std::map<std::string, MFP<Types>>{
{"f", std::bind(std::mem_fn(&B::f<Types>), this)},
{"g", std::bind(std::mem_fn(&B::g<Types>), this)}
}...);
}
template<typename T>
T Call(const std::string & s) {
/* Start pattern matching with zero index. */
return CallImpl<T, 0, Types...>::callImpl(this, s);
}
};
用法:
int main() {
B<int, float, short> a; // Provides int, float and short return types.
std::cout << a.Call<int>("f") << std::endl; // Prints 2, which is 2.5 casted to int.
std::cout << a.Call<float>("f") << std::endl; // Prints 2.5
// Compilation error with "Requested type not found." message among others.
std::cout << a.Call<double>("f") << std::endl;
}
一些注意事项:
-
2.5 in f 声明是双精度值,但双精度值未在 B<int, float> a; 中列出,这在 a.Call<double>("whatever") 上出现编译错误。
-
short 的 Call 方法和 callImpl 函数的代码根本没有生成,因为我们没有实例化它。