如果您使用可变长度的 UTF8 编码,则无法避免分配 byte[]。所以只有读取所有这些字节后才能确定结果字符串的长度。
让我们看看UTF8Encoding.GetString方法:
public override unsafe String GetString(byte[] bytes, int index, int count)
{
// Avoid problems with empty input buffer
if (bytes.Length == 0) return String.Empty;
fixed (byte* pBytes = bytes)
return String.CreateStringFromEncoding(
pBytes + index, count, this);
}
它调用String.CreateStringFromEncoding 方法,该方法首先获取结果字符串长度,然后分配它并用字符填充它而无需额外分配。 UTF8Encoding.GetChars 也没有分配任何内容。
unsafe static internal String CreateStringFromEncoding(
byte* bytes, int byteLength, Encoding encoding)
{
int stringLength = encoding.GetCharCount(bytes, byteLength, null);
if (stringLength == 0)
return String.Empty;
String s = FastAllocateString(stringLength);
fixed (char* pTempChars = &s.m_firstChar)
{
encoding.GetChars(bytes, byteLength, pTempChars, stringLength, null);
}
}
如果你会使用固定长度的编码,那么你可以直接分配一个字符串并在其上使用Encoding.GetChars。但是,由于没有接受byte* 作为参数的Stream.Read,因此多次调用Stream.ReadByte 会失去性能。
const int bufferSize = 256;
string str = new string('\0', n / bytesPerCharacter);
byte* bytes = stackalloc byte[bufferSize];
fixed (char* pinnedChars = str)
{
char* chars = pinnedChars;
for (int i = n; i >= 0; i -= bufferSize)
{
int byteCount = Math.Min(bufferSize, i);
int charCount = byteCount / bytesPerCharacter;
for (int j = 0; j < byteCount; ++j)
bytes[j] = (byte)stream.ReadByte();
encoding.GetChars(bytes, byteCount, chars, charCount);
chars += charCount;
}
}
所以你已经使用了更好的方法来获取字符串。在这种情况下唯一可以做的就是实现ByteArrayCache 类。它应该类似于StringBuilderCache。
public static class ByteArrayCache
{
[ThreadStatic]
private static byte[] cachedInstance;
private const int maxArraySize = 1024;
public static byte[] Acquire(int size)
{
if (size <= maxArraySize)
{
byte[] instance = cachedInstance;
if (cachedInstance != null && cachedInstance.Length >= size)
{
cachedInstance = null;
return instance;
}
}
return new byte[size];
}
public static void Release(byte[] array)
{
if ((array != null && array.Length <= maxArraySize) &&
(cachedInstance == null || cachedInstance.Length < array.Length))
{
cachedInstance = array;
}
}
}
用法:
var bytes = ByteArrayCache.Acquire(n);
stream.Read(bytes, 0, n);
var str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);
ByteArrayCache.Release(bytes);