Android 上 SurfaceView 方法“onTouchEvent(...)”中的 ANR

Question

在 Android 上，我对 SurfaceView 进行了子类化，生成的视图在大多数情况下都可以正常工作。但是，大约 1% 的用户报告此实施存在 ANR 问题。

显然，SurfaceView 由于某些问题（可能是死锁）而失败的边缘情况。

不幸的是，我不知道我的onDraw(...) 和onTouchEvent(...) 的实现有什么问题，或者如何改进代码。你能帮忙吗？

"main" prio=5 tid=1 MONITOR
| group="main" sCount=1 dsCount=0 obj=0x41920e88 self=0x4190f8d0
| sysTid=13407 nice=0 sched=0/0 cgrp=apps handle=1074618708
| state=S schedstat=( 50780242971 27570770290 130442 ) utm=4254 stm=824 core=0
at com.my.package.util.HandCards.onTouchEvent(SourceFile:~188)
- waiting to lock <0x45b91988> (a android.view.SurfaceView$4) held by tid=18 (Thread-14297)
at android.view.View.dispatchTouchEvent(View.java:7837)
at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ViewGroup.java:2216)
at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchTouchEvent(ViewGroup.java:1917)
at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ViewGroup.java:2216)
at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchTouchEvent(ViewGroup.java:1917)
at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ViewGroup.java:2216)
at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchTouchEvent(ViewGroup.java:1917)
at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ViewGroup.java:2216)
at android.view.ViewGroup.dispatchTouchEvent(ViewGroup.java:1917)
at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView.superDispatchTouchEvent(PhoneWindow.java:2075)
at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow.superDispatchTouchEvent(PhoneWindow.java:1522)
at android.app.Activity.dispatchTouchEvent(Activity.java:2458)
at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView.dispatchTouchEvent(PhoneWindow.java:2023)
at android.view.View.dispatchPointerEvent(View.java:8017)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$ViewPostImeInputStage.processPointerEvent(ViewRootImpl.java:3966)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$ViewPostImeInputStage.onProcess(ViewRootImpl.java:3845)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.deliver(ViewRootImpl.java:3405)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.onDeliverToNext(ViewRootImpl.java:3455)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.forward(ViewRootImpl.java:3424)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$AsyncInputStage.forward(ViewRootImpl.java:3531)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.apply(ViewRootImpl.java:3432)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$AsyncInputStage.apply(ViewRootImpl.java:3588)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.deliver(ViewRootImpl.java:3405)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.onDeliverToNext(ViewRootImpl.java:3455)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.forward(ViewRootImpl.java:3424)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.apply(ViewRootImpl.java:3432)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$InputStage.deliver(ViewRootImpl.java:3405)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl.deliverInputEvent(ViewRootImpl.java:5554)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl.doProcessInputEvents(ViewRootImpl.java:5534)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl.enqueueInputEvent(ViewRootImpl.java:5505)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl$WindowInputEventReceiver.onInputEvent(ViewRootImpl.java:5634)
at android.view.InputEventReceiver.dispatchInputEvent(InputEventReceiver.java:185)
at android.os.MessageQueue.nativePollOnce(Native Method)
at android.os.MessageQueue.next(MessageQueue.java:138)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:196)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5135)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:878)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:694)
at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)

...

"Thread-14297" prio=5 tid=18 SUSPENDED
| group="main" sCount=1 dsCount=0 obj=0x45ba6358 self=0x76036b38
| sysTid=21120 nice=0 sched=0/0 cgrp=apps handle=1979936656
| state=S schedstat=( 48296386737 3088012659 22649 ) utm=4691 stm=138 core=0
#00 pc 00021adc /system/lib/libc.so (__futex_syscall3+8)
#01 pc 0000f074 /system/lib/libc.so (__pthread_cond_timedwait_relative+48)
#02 pc 0000f0d4 /system/lib/libc.so (__pthread_cond_timedwait+64)
#03 pc 0005655f /system/lib/libdvm.so
#04 pc 00056b21 /system/lib/libdvm.so (dvmChangeStatus(Thread*, ThreadStatus)+34)
#05 pc 00050fd7 /system/lib/libdvm.so (dvmCallJNIMethod(unsigned int const*, JValue*, Method const*, Thread*)+406)
#06 pc 00000214 /dev/ashmem/dalvik-jit-code-cache (deleted)
at android.graphics.Canvas.native_drawBitmap(Native Method)
at android.graphics.Canvas.drawBitmap(Canvas.java:1202)
at com.my.package.util.HandCards.a(SourceFile:178)
at com.my.package.util.HandCards.onDraw(SourceFile:136)
at com.my.package.util.d.run(SourceFile:36)

HandCards.onTouchEvent(SourceFile:~188) 在哪里：

synchronized (mRenderThread.getSurfaceHolder()) {

而HandCards.a(SourceFile:178) 是：

canvas.drawBitmap(drawCardBitmap, null, mDrawingRect, mGraphicsPaint);

SurfaceView 子类的完整代码是：

public class HandCards extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {

    /** Opacity of the shadow layer that hides other cards when one card is highlighted and covers all cards when it's another player's turn (where 0 is transparent and 255 is opaque) */
    private static final int SHADOW_ALPHA = 150;
    private static SparseArray<Bitmap> mCardCache = new SparseArray<Bitmap>(); // cache array for own card bitmaps
    private HandThread mRenderThread;
    private volatile List<Card> mCards;
    private volatile int mCardCount;
    private volatile int mScreenWidth;
    private volatile int mScreenHeight;
    private volatile int mCardWidth;
    private volatile int mCardHeight;
    private volatile int mHighlightedCard = -1;
    private CardClickCallback mCardClickCallback;
    private volatile int mBlattID = 1;
    private volatile int mCurrentCardSpacing;
    private final Paint mGraphicsPaint;
    private final Paint mShadowPaint;
    private final Rect mDrawingRect;
    private volatile int mTouchEventAction;
    private volatile int mTouchEventCard;
    private Bitmap drawCardBitmap;
    private volatile int mOnDrawX1;
    private final BitmapFactory.Options mBitmapOptions;
    private volatile boolean mIsActive = true;
    private final int[] mCardSelection = new int[GameState.MAX_SWAP_CARDS];
    /** Indicates that the card view is currently used for choosing some cards to create a selection */
    private volatile boolean mIsChooseMode;
    /** Holds the index of the selected card that will be replaced next if all selection slots are full */
    private volatile int mNextReplacePosition;
    /** Used only locally in drawCard() but is declared here to save repeated allocations */
    private volatile int mCardOffsetY;
    private volatile int mRequiredSelectionCount;

    public HandCards(Context activityContext, AttributeSet attributeSet) {
        super(activityContext, attributeSet);
        getHolder().addCallback(this);
        setFocusable(true); // touch events should be processed by this class
        mCards = new ArrayList<Card>();
        mGraphicsPaint = new Paint();
        mGraphicsPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
        mGraphicsPaint.setFilterBitmap(true);
        mShadowPaint = new Paint();
        mShadowPaint.setARGB(SHADOW_ALPHA, 20, 20, 20);
        mShadowPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
        mBitmapOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        mBitmapOptions.inInputShareable = true;
        mBitmapOptions.inPurgeable = true;
        mDrawingRect = new Rect();
    }

    public Card getCard(int location) throws Exception {
        if (mCards != null) {
            synchronized (mCards) {
                return mCards.get(location); // card may not be found (throw exception then)
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static Bitmap cardCacheGet(int key) {
        synchronized (mCardCache) {
            return mCardCache.get(key);
        }
    }

    public static void cardCachePut(int key, Bitmap object) {
        synchronized (mCardCache) {
            mCardCache.put(key, object);
        }
    }

    public int[] getSelectedCards() {
        return mCardSelection;
    }

    public void setActive(boolean active) {
        if (mCardSelection != null) {
            for (int i = 0; i < GameState.MAX_SWAP_CARDS; i++) { // loop through all slots for selected cards
                mCardSelection[i] = -1; // unset the slot so that it is empty by default
            }
        }
        mIsActive = active;
    }

    public boolean isActive() {
        return mIsActive;
    }

    public void setChooseMode(boolean active, int swapCardCount) {
        mNextReplacePosition = 0;
        mIsChooseMode = active;
        mRequiredSelectionCount = swapCardCount;
    }

    public boolean isChooseMode() {
        return mIsChooseMode;
    }

    public void stopThread() {
        if (mRenderThread != null) {
            mRenderThread.setRunning(false);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        if (canvas != null) {
            synchronized (mCards) {
                mCardCount = mCards.size();
                canvas.drawColor(Color.BLACK);
                if (mCardCount > 0) {
                    mCurrentCardSpacing = Math.min(mScreenWidth/mCardCount, mCardWidth);
                    for (int c = 0; c < mCardCount; c++) {
                        if (c != mHighlightedCard || !isActive()) {
                            try {
                                drawCard(canvas, mCards.get(c).getDrawableID(mBlattID), false, c*mCurrentCardSpacing, c*mCurrentCardSpacing+mCardWidth, c);
                            }
                            catch (Exception e) { }
                        }
                    }
                    if (mHighlightedCard > -1 && isActive()) {
                        mOnDrawX1 = Math.min(mHighlightedCard*mCurrentCardSpacing, mScreenWidth-mCardWidth);
                        try {
                            drawCard(canvas, mCards.get(mHighlightedCard).getDrawableID(mBlattID), true, mOnDrawX1, mOnDrawX1+mCardWidth, mHighlightedCard);
                        }
                        catch (Exception e) { }
                    }
                    else if (!isActive()) {
                        drawCard(canvas, 0, true, 0, mScreenWidth, 0);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void drawCard(Canvas canvas, int resourceID, boolean highlighted, int xLeft, int xRight, int cardPosition) {
        if (canvas != null) {
            try {
                if (highlighted) {
                    canvas.drawRect(0, 0, mScreenWidth, mScreenHeight, mShadowPaint);
                }
                if (resourceID != 0) {
                    drawCardBitmap = cardCacheGet(resourceID);
                    if (drawCardBitmap == null) {
                        drawCardBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), resourceID, mBitmapOptions);
                        cardCachePut(resourceID, drawCardBitmap);
                    }
                    mCardOffsetY = 0; // by default draw all cards right at the bottom (without highlighting by position)
                    if (mCardSelection != null) {
                        for (int i = 0; i < GameState.MAX_SWAP_CARDS; i++) { // loop through all slots for selected cards
                            if (mCardSelection[i] == cardPosition) { // if current card has been selected (in that slot)
                                mCardOffsetY = mScreenHeight*1/4; // lift the card by one quarter to highlight it
                                break; // card has already been detected to be selected so stop here
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    mDrawingRect.set(xLeft, mCardOffsetY, xRight, mCardHeight+mCardOffsetY);
                    canvas.drawBitmap(drawCardBitmap, null, mDrawingRect, mGraphicsPaint);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception e) { }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        if (mRenderThread == null) { return false; }
        synchronized (mRenderThread.getSurfaceHolder()) { // synchronized so that there are no concurrent accesses
            mTouchEventAction = event.getAction();
            if (isActive()) {
                if (mTouchEventAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN || mTouchEventAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE) {
                    if (event.getY() >= 0 && event.getY() < mScreenHeight) {
                        mTouchEventCard = (int) event.getX()/mCurrentCardSpacing;
                        if (mTouchEventCard > -1 && mTouchEventCard < mCardCount) {
                            mHighlightedCard = mTouchEventCard;
                        }
                        else {
                            mHighlightedCard = -1;
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        mHighlightedCard = -1;
                    }
                }
                else if (mTouchEventAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) {
                    if (mCardClickCallback != null && mHighlightedCard > -1 && mHighlightedCard < mCardCount) {
                        if (isChooseMode()) { // card has been chosen as a swap card
                            int freeSelectionIndex = -1; // remember the index of a free selection slot (default = none available)
                            for (int i = 0; i < mRequiredSelectionCount; i++) { // loop through all allowed slots for selected cards
                                if (mCardSelection[i] == mHighlightedCard) { // if this card has already been selected
                                    mCardSelection[i] = -1; // unselect the card
                                    freeSelectionIndex = -2; // mark that there is no need to select a new card
                                    break; // slot of current card has already been found so stop here
                                }
                                else if (mCardSelection[i] == -1 && freeSelectionIndex == -1) { // if slot is still available and no free slot has been found yet
                                    freeSelectionIndex = i; // remember the index of this free slot
                                }
                            }
                            if (freeSelectionIndex > -2) { // if a new card is to be placed in the selection array
                                if (freeSelectionIndex >= 0) { // if a free slot was available
                                    mCardSelection[freeSelectionIndex] = mHighlightedCard; // just place the card there
                                }
                                else { // if no free slot was available anymore
                                    mCardSelection[mNextReplacePosition] = mHighlightedCard; // replace another card in one of the slots
                                    mNextReplacePosition = (mNextReplacePosition+1) % mRequiredSelectionCount; // advance the cursor that points to the slot which will be replaced next
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        else { // card has been selected to be played on the table
                            try {
                                mCardClickCallback.chooseCard(mCards.get(mHighlightedCard));
                            }
                            catch (Exception e) {
                                // index was out of mCards' bounds (just ignore this, user may tap on card again)
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    mHighlightedCard = -1;
                }
            }
            else {
                try {
                    mCardClickCallback.resyncManually();
                }
                catch (Exception e) { }
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) { }

    public void setCards(List<Card> currentCards) {
        synchronized (mCards) {
            mCards.clear();
            mCards.addAll(currentCards);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder arg0) {
        mScreenWidth = getWidth();
        mScreenHeight = getHeight();
        mCardHeight = mScreenHeight;
        mCardWidth = mCardHeight*99/150;
        mCurrentCardSpacing = mCardWidth;
        mRenderThread = new HandThread(getHolder(), this);
        mRenderThread.setRunning(true);
        mRenderThread.start();
    }

    @Override
    public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
        boolean retry = true;
        mRenderThread.setRunning(false); // stop thread
        while (retry) { // wait for thread to close
            try {
                mRenderThread.join();
                retry = false;
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e) { }
        }
    }

    public synchronized void setCardClickCallback(CardClickCallback callback) {
        mCardClickCallback = callback;
    }

    public void setBlattID(int blattID) {
        mBlattID = blattID;
    }

}

然后，还有渲染线程：

public class HandThread extends Thread {

    private final SurfaceHolder mSurfaceHolder;
    private final HandCards mSurface;
    private volatile boolean mRunning = false;

    public HandThread(SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder, HandCards surface) {
        mSurfaceHolder = surfaceHolder;
        mSurface = surface;
    }

    public SurfaceHolder getSurfaceHolder() {
        return mSurfaceHolder;
    }

    public void setRunning(boolean run) {
        mRunning = run;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        Canvas c;
        while (mRunning) {
            c = null;
            try {
                c = mSurfaceHolder.lockCanvas(null);
                synchronized (mSurfaceHolder) {
                    if (c != null) {
                        mSurface.onDraw(c);
                    }
                }
            }
            finally { // when exception is thrown above we may not leave the surface in an inconsistent state
                if (c != null) {
                    try {
                        mSurfaceHolder.unlockCanvasAndPost(c);
                    }
                    catch (Exception e) { }
                }
            }
        }
    }

}

Answer 1

发生 ANR 是因为您的 onTouchEvent() 方法正在同步 tid=18 持有的锁，这是一个仅称为 Thread-14297 的未命名线程。

许多人都遵循这样一种模式，即在锁定 SurfaceView 画布时，他们还锁定了 SurfaceHolder 对象。对具有公共可见性的对象进行同步是一个坏主意，而对与 GUI 框架共享的对象进行同步是一个更糟糕的主意，因此这种模式仍然存在令人遗憾。 （但我离题了。）

您正在使用重写的 onDraw() 方法进行绘制，如果您从渲染器线程中进行绘制，这将没有意义——onDraw() 方法由 View 层次结构使用，并且将从 UI 中调用线程，但这里显然是从其他地方调用的。你应该叫它别的名字，也许只是myDraw()。 （但我离题了。）

Thread-14297 处于“暂停”状态，这意味着它正在执行，但在捕获堆栈跟踪时停止。由于最顶层的框架是本机方法——它不会被 VM 挂起——它可能正在进入或退出该框架。线程的系统和用户时间（以“utm=”和“stm=”值显示的刻度相当低，表明它没有做过多的 CPU 工作。当然，除非你的渲染线程是一次性的，在这种情况下它相当繁忙（可能还没有完成）。

好消息是您似乎没有陷入僵局。渲染线程只是运行缓慢。或者，也许，您有一个无法退出的循环（尽管从发布的代码中看不到任何内容）。在速度较慢的设备上，系统上有很多其他活动，并且mCards 列表很大，它可能会因 CPU 不足而无法快速响应。假设您在抓取 Canvas 时遵循通用模式并锁定 SurfaceHolder，那么您的 onTouchEvent() 将在整个绘制期间锁定 UI 线程。 logcat 中的 ANR 摘要通常会列出最近的线程活动级别；如果您可以访问该信息，则该信息可以告诉您渲染线程的繁忙程度。

并非所有 ANR 都是致命的。如果应用程序变得永久无响应，这与用户点击“等待”时清除的临时 ANR 非常不同。你知道这是哪一种吗？

你需要：

1. 重新评估您的数据同步。使用较短的窗口和可能的读写锁来传递数据。在 java.util.concurrent 中四处寻找。长时间停止 UI 线程是不好的。
2. 确定为什么您的渲染似乎需要很长时间，以及它只是运行缓慢还是永远旋转。