【发布时间】:2013-12-08 22:40:44
【问题描述】:
我有以下 MySQL (MyISAM) 表,其中包含大约 300 万行。
CREATE TABLE `tasks` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`node` smallint(6) NOT NULL,
`pid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`job` int(11) NOT NULL,
`a_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`user_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`state` int(11) NOT NULL,
`start_time` int(11) NOT NULL,
`end_time` int(11) NOT NULL,
`stop_time` int(11) NOT NULL,
`end_stream` int(11) NOT NULL,
`message` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`rate` float NOT NULL,
`exiting` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`bytes` int(11) NOT NULL,
`motion` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `a_id` (`a_id`),
KEY `job` (`job`),
KEY `state` (`state`),
KEY `end_time` (`end_time`),
KEY `start_time` (`start_time`),
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=100 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
现在当我运行以下查询时,MySQL 只使用 a_id 索引,需要扫描几千行。
SELECT count(id) AS tries FROM `tasks` WHERE ( job='1' OR job='3' )
AND a_id='614' AND state >'80' AND state < '100' AND start_time >='1386538013';
当我添加一个额外的索引 KEY newkey (a_id,state,start_time) 时,MySQL 仍在尝试仅使用 a_id 而不是 newkey。只有在查询中使用提示/强制索引时,它才被使用。更改查询中的字段无济于事。
有什么想法吗?我不一定希望我的陈述中有提示。 MySQL 没有这样做的事实自动向我表明我的表、键或查询在某处存在问题。非常感谢任何帮助。
附加信息:
mysql> show index in tasks;
+-------+------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-------+------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| tasks | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 3130554 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| tasks | 1 | a_id | 1 | a_id | A | 2992 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| tasks | 1 | job | 1 | job | A | 5 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| tasks | 1 | state | 1 | state | A | 9 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| tasks | 1 | end_time | 1 | end_time | A | 1565277 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| tasks | 1 | newkey | 1 | a_id | A | 2992 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| tasks | 1 | newkey | 2 | state | A | 8506 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| tasks | 1 | newkey | 3 | start_time | A | 3130554 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
+-------+------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
带引号和不带引号的解释:
mysql> DESCRIBE SELECT count(id) AS tries FROM `tasks` WHERE ( job='1' OR job='3' ) AND a_id='614' AND state >'80' AND state < '100' AND start_time >='1386538013';
+----+-------------+-------+------+----------------------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+----------------------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | tasks | ref | a_id,job,state,newkey | a_id | 5 | const | 740 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------+----------------------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.10 sec)
mysql> DESCRIBE SELECT count(id) AS tries FROM `tasks` WHERE ( job=1 OR job=3 ) AND a_id = 614 AND state > 80 AND state < 100 AND start_time >= 1386538013;
+----+-------------+-------+------+----------------------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+----------------------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | tasks | ref | a_id,job,state,newkey | a_id | 5 | const | 740 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------+----------------------------+-----------+---------+-------+------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
【问题讨论】:
-
为什么在选择中使用静态数字作为字符串?这可能会导致查询优化器失效。
-
感谢您让我知道,不确定这是否有很大不同(不是为了解释),但会尽量避免不必要的引号。
-
我认为问题在于作业列不在任一索引中。无论它使用哪个索引,它仍然必须引用整个表才能满足 where 子句的那部分。该行查找可能在 IO 中占主导地位,因此索引的选择无关紧要。