【发布时间】：2021-01-10 00:45:08
【问题描述】：
当尝试在 Ubuntu 20.04 上运行使用 matplotlib 中草书字体的脚本（在下面的最小工作示例中给出）时，我收到了 matplotlib 警告：
findfont: Font family ['cursive'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans.
这告诉我我没有matplotlib 想要用于the cursive font family 的任何草书字体。
当matplotlib 的字体管理器或fc-list 找不到任何草书字体时，这似乎在下面的最小失败示例中得到了证实。
# on my local machine
$ fc-list : family | grep -i "chancery\|textile\|sand\|script\|felipa\|cursive"
URW Chancery L
Free Chancery
如何以编程方式在 Ubuntu 上查找和安装这些字体？我知道我可以在互联网上寻找免费版本，但如果我想在 Docker 映像上获取它们，我该如何通过像 apt-get 这样的 CLI API 安装它们？
最小的失败示例
对于以下Dockerfile
FROM ubuntu:20.04
RUN apt-get update -y && \
apt-get install -y \
fontconfig \
fonts-dejavu \
fonts-freefont-ttf \
python3 \
python3-dev \
python3-pip \
python3-venv \
vim && \
apt-get -y autoclean && \
apt-get -y autoremove && \
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
RUN python3 -m pip install --upgrade --no-cache-dir pip setuptools wheel && \
python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir "matplotlib~=3.3" && \
python3 -m pip list && \
python3 -c "import matplotlib.pyplot" # generate font list cache
ENV MPLCONFIGDIR /tmp/.config # make writeable to non-root user
WORKDIR /code
COPY example.py example.py
与example.py 的
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.font_manager
def make_plot(font_family):
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
x = np.linspace(0, 10, 101)
y = np.square(x)
ax.plot(x, y)
ax.semilogy()
ax.set_xlabel("$x$")
ax.set_ylabel("$x^2$")
ax.set_title(f"Default matplotlib settings for {font_family} font family")
return fig, ax
def main():
image_types = ["pdf", "png"]
for font_family in ["sans-serif", "serif", "cursive"]:
plt.rcParams.update({"font.family": font_family})
fig, ax = make_plot(font_family=font_family)
for type in image_types:
fig.savefig(f"family_{font_family}.{type}")
cursive_family = matplotlib.rcParams["font.cursive"]
print(f"\nmatplotlib cursive family: {cursive_family}")
tff_fonts = sorted(
set([font.name for font in matplotlib.font_manager.fontManager.ttflist])
)
afm_fonts = sorted(
set([font.name for font in matplotlib.font_manager.fontManager.afmlist])
)
all_fonts = sorted(set([*tff_fonts, *afm_fonts]))
print(f"\ntff fonts: {tff_fonts}")
print(f"\nafm fonts: {afm_fonts}")
print(f"\nall fonts: {all_fonts}")
found_cursive_fonts = [font for font in cursive_family if font in all_fonts]
print(f"\nfound cursive fonts: {found_cursive_fonts}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
如果用
构建docker build . \
--pull \
-f Dockerfile \
-t matplotlib-cursive-fonts-question:debug-local
然后运行
$ docker run --rm --user 1000:1000 -v $PWD:$PWD -w $PWD matplotlib-cursive-fonts-question:debug-local /bin/bash -c "python3 /code/example.py"
findfont: Font family ['cursive'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans.
findfont: Font family ['cursive'] not found. Falling back to DejaVu Sans.
matplotlib cursive family: ['Apple Chancery', 'Textile', 'Zapf Chancery', 'Sand', 'Script MT', 'Felipa', 'cursive']
tff fonts: ['DejaVu Math TeX Gyre', 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Sans Display', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'DejaVu Serif', 'DejaVu Serif Display', 'FreeMono', 'FreeSans', 'FreeSerif', 'STIXGeneral', 'STIXNonUnicode', 'STIXSizeFiveSym', 'STIXSizeFourSym', 'STIXSizeOneSym', 'STIXSizeThreeSym', 'STIXSizeTwoSym', 'cmb10', 'cmex10', 'cmmi10', 'cmr10', 'cmss10', 'cmsy10', 'cmtt10']
afm fonts: ['Computer Modern', 'Courier', 'Helvetica', 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic', 'ITC Bookman', 'ITC Zapf Chancery', 'ITC Zapf Dingbats', 'New Century Schoolbook', 'Palatino', 'Symbol', 'Times', 'Utopia', 'ZapfDingbats']
all fonts: ['Computer Modern', 'Courier', 'DejaVu Math TeX Gyre', 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Sans Display', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'DejaVu Serif', 'DejaVu Serif Display', 'FreeMono', 'FreeSans', 'FreeSerif', 'Helvetica', 'ITC Avant Garde Gothic', 'ITC Bookman', 'ITC Zapf Chancery', 'ITC Zapf Dingbats', 'New Century Schoolbook', 'Palatino', 'STIXGeneral', 'STIXNonUnicode', 'STIXSizeFiveSym', 'STIXSizeFourSym', 'STIXSizeOneSym', 'STIXSizeThreeSym', 'STIXSizeTwoSym', 'Symbol', 'Times', 'Utopia', 'ZapfDingbats', 'cmb10', 'cmex10', 'cmmi10', 'cmr10', 'cmss10', 'cmsy10', 'cmtt10']
found cursive fonts: []
和
docker run --rm --user 1000:1000 -v $PWD:$PWD -w $PWD matplotlib-cursive-fonts-question:debug-local /bin/bash -c "fc-list : family | grep -i 'chancery\|textile\|sand\|script\|felipa\|cursive'"
什么都不返回。
问题
如何以编程方式查找和安装matplotlib 所需的草书字体（在 Ubuntu 20.04 上）？
相关链接
【问题讨论】：
标签： python matplotlib fonts