在 Scrapy 中禁用 SSL 证书验证

Question

我目前正在努力解决我在使用 Scrapy 时遇到的问题。每当我使用 Scrapy 抓取证书的 CN 值与服务器域名匹配的 HTTPS 站点时，Scrapy 都非常好用！但另一方面，每当我尝试抓取证书的 CN 值与服务器域名不匹配的站点时，我都会得到以下信息：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/protocols/tls.py", line 415, in dataReceived
    self._write(bytes)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/protocols/tls.py", line 554, in _write
    sent = self._tlsConnection.send(toSend)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/OpenSSL/SSL.py", line 1270, in send
    result = _lib.SSL_write(self._ssl, buf, len(buf))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/OpenSSL/SSL.py", line 926, in wrapper
    callback(Connection._reverse_mapping[ssl], where, return_code)
--- <exception caught here> ---
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/internet/_sslverify.py", line 1055, in infoCallback
    return wrapped(connection, where, ret)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/internet/_sslverify.py", line 1154, in _identityVerifyingInfoCallback
    verifyHostname(connection, self._hostnameASCII)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/service_identity/pyopenssl.py", line 30, in verify_hostname
    obligatory_ids=[DNS_ID(hostname)],
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/service_identity/_common.py", line 235, in __init__
    raise ValueError("Invalid DNS-ID.")
exceptions.ValueError: Invalid DNS-ID.

我查看了尽可能多的文档，据我所知，Scrapy 没有办法禁用 SSL 证书验证。甚至 Scrapy Request 对象的文档（我认为这是此功能所在的位置）也没有参考：

http://doc.scrapy.org/en/1.0/topics/request-response.html#scrapy.http.Request https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/blob/master/scrapy/http/request/init.py

也没有解决问题的 Scrapy 设置：

http://doc.scrapy.org/en/1.0/topics/settings.html

缺少按源使用 Scrapy 并根据需要修改源，有人对我如何禁用 SSL 证书验证有任何想法吗？

谢谢！

Answer 1

根据您为the settings 链接的文档，您似乎可以修改DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS 设置。

来自文档：

"""
    A dict containing the request download handlers enabled by default in
    Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify
    DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS instead.
"""

DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS_BASE = {
    'file': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.file.FileDownloadHandler',
    'http': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.http.HttpDownloadHandler',
    'https': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.http.HttpDownloadHandler',
    's3': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.s3.S3DownloadHandler',
}

然后在您的设置中，如下所示：

""" 
    Configure your download handlers with something custom to override
    the default https handler
"""
DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS = {
    'https': 'my.custom.downloader.handler.https.HttpsDownloaderIgnoreCNError',
}

因此，通过为https 协议定义一个自定义处理程序，您应该能够处理您遇到的错误并允许scrapy 继续其业务。