【问题标题】:Word-wrapping multibyte characters in PHP for console outputPHP 中用于控制台输出的自动换行多字节字符
【发布时间】:2014-08-18 07:49:08
【问题描述】:

我正在尝试将文本片段与固定数量的列对齐。该文本用于记录目的,可能包含一些用户数据,所以我不能假设任何关于输入的内容。为了便于查看,我想确保在标准 LINUX 控制台中查看时,此文本只有一定数量的固定字符宽。

PHP 没有与其wordwrap 函数等效的多字节。几个框架都有自己的版本。我一直在尝试几个多字节函数,其中包括this question 中的答案,以便对一些 UTF-8 文本进行编码以进行 unicode 显示。大多数答案似乎都使​​用 'mb_strlen' 来计算子串长度。

为了确保我想要显示的文件被识别为 UTF-8,我在文本前添加了一个字节顺序标记。据我所知,这“应该”导致 linux 正确识别和格式化。

然后,我尝试对一些长字符串进行编码。诸如 'ëëëëëëëë...' 之类的字符串将在指定的 N 个字符位置之后正确地被截断。但是,诸如“₩₩₩₩₩₩₩₩₩...”之类的字符串不会。它包含一些在 UNIX 控制台中是双倍长度的字符,并且会比预期的更晚被截断。事实上,在这种情况下,显示的字符似乎正好是预期的两倍,因此似乎部分或全部双宽字符被读取为宽度 1。常量 'mb_internal_encoding' 正确设置为 UTF-8,使用:

mb_internal_encoding("UTF-8");

请注意,当我实际将 mb_internal_encoding 设置为其他值时,我会得到其他奇怪的结果,然后字符串将被截断 50% 太快,因此 70 个字符的字符串在位置 26 处被截断。 -offs 发生在字符中间,导致一些 mojibake。

完成工作的类中的换行符代码如下所示,mb_wordwrap 重定向到示例函数之一:

private function BreakIntoLines($text) {                
    $dtxt = $this->mb_wordwrap($text, self::LINE_LENGTH, PHP_EOL, true);
    return explode(PHP_EOL, $dtxt);
}

然后使用经典的 c 样式文件写入函数进行文件写入,以下 sn-p 将写入其中一行:

fwrite($this->file, $line);
fwrite($this->file, PHP_EOL);

我使用一系列 UTF 字符验证了输出,它们似乎都能正确显示。我似乎完全迷失了这个问题,这是怎么回事?

注意:尝试自己编写算法似乎是一项过多的工作。似乎也有组合字符。例如,序列 \u68\u0300 实际上只会占用终端中的一个字符。实验,代码:

$str = json_decode("\"\\u0068\\u0300\"");
var_dump($str); 
echo mb_strlen($str);

打印出:string(3) "h̀" 2

【问题讨论】:

    标签: php encoding utf-8 multibyte


    【解决方案1】:

    使用字素函数

    对于这个问题的一部分,有一个很好且干净的解决方案。使用链接问题中的 mb_wordwrap 函数,但将 mb_* 函数替换为 grapheme_* 函数。字形是 php 的“intl”扩展的一部分,实际上可以正确计算字符长度。另请参阅this page 了解更多信息。

    因此,我们使用grapheme_strlen 代替mb_strlen,使用grapheme_substr 代替mb_substr,以此类推。然后在自动换行函数内部,我们可以将字符串视为字素的集合,它们在内部是 C 风格的 php 字符串,每个字符串都有 N 个 ASCII 符号。这实际上也是 mb_* 函数的操作方式,因此代码基本上保持相同的结构。

    例如:

    $str = json_decode("\"\\u0068\\u0300\"");
    var_dump($str);         
    echo grapheme_strlen($str);
    

    将输出:string(3) "h̀" 1

    它仍然无法一次性正确计算出更宽的字符。所以为了真正彻底解决问题,我们需要一个实际的实现。有一个 C 实现,它使用一个双宽字符范围列表和一个更长的列表,对所有 0 宽字符进行二进制遍历,这里在 php 中重新实现。

    理论上,下面的代码应该正确地自动换行普通文本,同时还支持所有奇怪的 UTF-8 字符。它不支持具有其他换行规则的语言(在非空格字符处换行),并且可能也不完全支持奇怪的空白(ASCII 范围之外的空白)。但是,此代码应保证$width 字符的行宽。

    /**
     * Word-wrap a multi-byte character (UTF) string
     * @param string $string Initial string. 
     * @param int $width Maximum width of a line
     * @param string $break Which character(s) to line break with
     * @param bool $cut Whether to force-chop long words. 
     * @return string The chopped string. 
     */
    private function mb_wordwrap($string, $width = 75, $break = "\n", $cut = false) {
        $string = (string) $string;
        if ($string === '') {
          return '';
        }
        $break = (string) $break;
        if ($break === '') {
          trigger_error('Break string cannot be empty', E_USER_ERROR);
        }
        $width = (int) $width;
        if ($width === 0 && $cut) {
          trigger_error('Cannot force cut when width is zero', E_USER_ERROR);
        }
        if (mb_check_encoding($string, 'ASCII')) {
          return wordwrap($string, $width, $break, $cut);
        }
        $result = '';        
        // Width on display
        // note: stringLength != stringWidth!
        $breakWidth = $this->trueStringWidth($string);
        $lastStartWidth = $lastSpaceWidth = 0;        
        // These all measure 'length'. 
        // Length in characters       
        $breakLength = strlen($break);
        $lastStartLength = $lastSpaceLength = 0;        
        $G_sz = grapheme_strlen($string);        
        $wPos = 0;
        $lPos = 0;
        // Iterate over graphemes
        // Measure using TrueWidth
        // Cut using ASCII (for speed)
        for($i = 0; $i < $G_sz; ++$i) {        
            $char = grapheme_substr($string, $i, 1);
            $charLength = strlen($char);
            $charWidth = $this->trueStringWidth($char);  
            $lookahead_wPos = $wPos + $charWidth;                 
            // If we already have a line break, preserve it and start anew
            if($breakLength !== 1) {
                $possibleBreak = substr($string, $lPos, $breakLength);
            } else {
                $possibleBreak = substr($string, $lPos, $breakLength);
            }
            if ($possibleBreak === $break) {
                $result .= substr($string, $lastStartLength, $lPos - $lastStartLength + $breakLength);
                $lPos += $breakLength - $charLength;
                $wPos += $breakWidth - $charWidth; 
                $lastStartLength = $lastSpaceLength = $breakLength;
                $lastStartWidth = $lastSpaceWidth = $breakWidth;
                continue;
            }            
            // if we match any 'whitespace' character,
            if(preg_match("/\\h/u", $char)) {
                // Exclude the space itself, do not use the lookahead
                if($wPos - $lastStartWidth >= $width) {
                    $result .= substr($string, $lastStartLength, $lPos - $lastStartLength) . $break;
                    $lastStartLength = $lPos + $charLength;
                    $lastStartWidth = $wPos + $charWidth;
                }
                $lastSpaceWidth = $wPos;
                $lastSpaceLength = $lPos;
                continue;
            }
            // look-ahead one character
            $nextChar = grapheme_substr($string, $i+1, 1);      
            // If we are about to overflow, AND the last space was too far back, 
            if($cut && $lookahead_wPos - $lastStartWidth > $width && $lastStartWidth >= $lastSpaceWidth) {
                $result .= substr($string, $lastStartLength, $lPos - $lastStartLength) . $break;
                $lastStartLength = $lPos;
                $lastStartWidth = $wPos;
                continue;                    
            }  
            if ($lookahead_wPos - $lastStartWidth > $width && $lastStartWidth < $lastSpaceWidth) {
                $result .= substr($string, $lastStartLength, $lastSpaceLength - $lastStartLength) . $break;
                $lastStartLength = $lastSpaceLength = $lastSpaceLength + $charLength;
                $lastStartWidth = $lastSpaceWidth = $lastSpaceWidth + $charWidth;
                continue;
            }            
            $wPos += $charWidth;   
            $lPos += $charLength;
        }
        if($lastStartLength !== $lPos) {
            $result .= substr($string, $lastStartLength, $lPos - $lastStartLength);
        }
        return $result;
    }
    
    private function trueStringWidth($str) {
        $w = 0;
        for($i = 0; $i < mb_strlen($str); ++$i) {
            $char = mb_substr($str, $i, 1);
            $w += $this->trueCharWidth($char);
        }
        return $w;
    }
    
    private function trueCharWidth($char) {
        $ucs = $this->uniord($char);
        // For non-unicode characters, return 1. 
        // Consoles replace them with 'replacement characters' which have width 1!
        if($ucs === FALSE) {return 1;}
        
        // Do some bit math...
        
        $combi = [
            [ 0x0300, 0x036F ], [ 0x0483, 0x0486 ], [ 0x0488, 0x0489 ],
            [ 0x0591, 0x05BD ], [ 0x05BF, 0x05BF ], [ 0x05C1, 0x05C2 ],
            [ 0x05C4, 0x05C5 ], [ 0x05C7, 0x05C7 ], [ 0x0600, 0x0603 ],
            [ 0x0610, 0x0615 ], [ 0x064B, 0x065E ], [ 0x0670, 0x0670 ],
            [ 0x06D6, 0x06E4 ], [ 0x06E7, 0x06E8 ], [ 0x06EA, 0x06ED ],
            [ 0x070F, 0x070F ], [ 0x0711, 0x0711 ], [ 0x0730, 0x074A ],
            [ 0x07A6, 0x07B0 ], [ 0x07EB, 0x07F3 ], [ 0x0901, 0x0902 ],
            [ 0x093C, 0x093C ], [ 0x0941, 0x0948 ], [ 0x094D, 0x094D ],
            [ 0x0951, 0x0954 ], [ 0x0962, 0x0963 ], [ 0x0981, 0x0981 ],
            [ 0x09BC, 0x09BC ], [ 0x09C1, 0x09C4 ], [ 0x09CD, 0x09CD ],
            [ 0x09E2, 0x09E3 ], [ 0x0A01, 0x0A02 ], [ 0x0A3C, 0x0A3C ],
            [ 0x0A41, 0x0A42 ], [ 0x0A47, 0x0A48 ], [ 0x0A4B, 0x0A4D ],
            [ 0x0A70, 0x0A71 ], [ 0x0A81, 0x0A82 ], [ 0x0ABC, 0x0ABC ],
            [ 0x0AC1, 0x0AC5 ], [ 0x0AC7, 0x0AC8 ], [ 0x0ACD, 0x0ACD ],
            [ 0x0AE2, 0x0AE3 ], [ 0x0B01, 0x0B01 ], [ 0x0B3C, 0x0B3C ],
            [ 0x0B3F, 0x0B3F ], [ 0x0B41, 0x0B43 ], [ 0x0B4D, 0x0B4D ],
            [ 0x0B56, 0x0B56 ], [ 0x0B82, 0x0B82 ], [ 0x0BC0, 0x0BC0 ],
            [ 0x0BCD, 0x0BCD ], [ 0x0C3E, 0x0C40 ], [ 0x0C46, 0x0C48 ],
            [ 0x0C4A, 0x0C4D ], [ 0x0C55, 0x0C56 ], [ 0x0CBC, 0x0CBC ],
            [ 0x0CBF, 0x0CBF ], [ 0x0CC6, 0x0CC6 ], [ 0x0CCC, 0x0CCD ],
            [ 0x0CE2, 0x0CE3 ], [ 0x0D41, 0x0D43 ], [ 0x0D4D, 0x0D4D ],
            [ 0x0DCA, 0x0DCA ], [ 0x0DD2, 0x0DD4 ], [ 0x0DD6, 0x0DD6 ],
            [ 0x0E31, 0x0E31 ], [ 0x0E34, 0x0E3A ], [ 0x0E47, 0x0E4E ],
            [ 0x0EB1, 0x0EB1 ], [ 0x0EB4, 0x0EB9 ], [ 0x0EBB, 0x0EBC ],
            [ 0x0EC8, 0x0ECD ], [ 0x0F18, 0x0F19 ], [ 0x0F35, 0x0F35 ],
            [ 0x0F37, 0x0F37 ], [ 0x0F39, 0x0F39 ], [ 0x0F71, 0x0F7E ],
            [ 0x0F80, 0x0F84 ], [ 0x0F86, 0x0F87 ], [ 0x0F90, 0x0F97 ],
            [ 0x0F99, 0x0FBC ], [ 0x0FC6, 0x0FC6 ], [ 0x102D, 0x1030 ],
            [ 0x1032, 0x1032 ], [ 0x1036, 0x1037 ], [ 0x1039, 0x1039 ],
            [ 0x1058, 0x1059 ], [ 0x1160, 0x11FF ], [ 0x135F, 0x135F ],
            [ 0x1712, 0x1714 ], [ 0x1732, 0x1734 ], [ 0x1752, 0x1753 ],
            [ 0x1772, 0x1773 ], [ 0x17B4, 0x17B5 ], [ 0x17B7, 0x17BD ],
            [ 0x17C6, 0x17C6 ], [ 0x17C9, 0x17D3 ], [ 0x17DD, 0x17DD ],
            [ 0x180B, 0x180D ], [ 0x18A9, 0x18A9 ], [ 0x1920, 0x1922 ],
            [ 0x1927, 0x1928 ], [ 0x1932, 0x1932 ], [ 0x1939, 0x193B ],
            [ 0x1A17, 0x1A18 ], [ 0x1B00, 0x1B03 ], [ 0x1B34, 0x1B34 ],
            [ 0x1B36, 0x1B3A ], [ 0x1B3C, 0x1B3C ], [ 0x1B42, 0x1B42 ],
            [ 0x1B6B, 0x1B73 ], [ 0x1DC0, 0x1DCA ], [ 0x1DFE, 0x1DFF ],
            [ 0x200B, 0x200F ], [ 0x202A, 0x202E ], [ 0x2060, 0x2063 ],            
            [ 0x206A, 0x206F ], [ 0x20D0, 0x20EF ], [ 0x302A, 0x302F ],
            [ 0x3099, 0x309A ], [ 0xA806, 0xA806 ], [ 0xA80B, 0xA80B ],
            [ 0xA825, 0xA826 ], [ 0xFB1E, 0xFB1E ], [ 0xFE00, 0xFE0F ],
            [ 0xFE20, 0xFE23 ], [ 0xFEFF, 0xFEFF ], [ 0xFFF9, 0xFFFB ],
            [ 0x10A01, 0x10A03 ], [ 0x10A05, 0x10A06 ], [ 0x10A0C, 0x10A0F ],
            [ 0x10A38, 0x10A3A ], [ 0x10A3F, 0x10A3F ], [ 0x1D167, 0x1D169 ],
            [ 0x1D173, 0x1D182 ], [ 0x1D185, 0x1D18B ], [ 0x1D1AA, 0x1D1AD ],
            [ 0x1D242, 0x1D244 ], [ 0xE0001, 0xE0001 ], [ 0xE0020, 0xE007F ],
            [ 0xE0100, 0xE01EF ]
          ];
    
    /* test for 8-bit control characters */
    if ($ucs === 0)
      return 0;
    if ($ucs < 32 || ($ucs >= 0x7f && $ucs < 0xa0))
      return 0;
    
    /* binary search in table of non-spacing characters */
    if ($this->binaryIntervalSearch($combi, $ucs))
      return 0;
    
    /* if we arrive here, ucs is not a combining or C0/C1 control character */
    
    return 1 + 
      ($ucs >= 0x1100 &&
       ($ucs <= 0x115f ||                    /* Hangul Jamo init. consonants */
       $ucs == 0x2329 || $ucs == 0x232a ||
      ($ucs >= 0x2e80 && $ucs <= 0xa4cf &&
       $ucs != 0x303f) ||                  /* CJK ... Yi */
      ($ucs >= 0xac00 && $ucs <= 0xd7a3) || /* Hangul Syllables */
      ($ucs >= 0xf900 && $ucs <= 0xfaff) || /* CJK Compatibility Ideographs */
      ($ucs >= 0xfe10 && $ucs <= 0xfe19) || /* Vertical forms */
      ($ucs >= 0xfe30 && $ucs <= 0xfe6f) || /* CJK Compatibility Forms */
      ($ucs >= 0xff00 && $ucs <= 0xff60) || /* Fullwidth Forms */
      ($ucs >= 0xffe0 && $ucs <= 0xffe6) ||
      ($ucs >= 0x20000 && $ucs <= 0x2fffd) ||
      ($ucs >= 0x30000 && $ucs <= 0x3fffd)));
    }
    
    private function uniord($c) {
        if (ord($c{0}) >=0 && ord($c{0}) <= 127) {
            return ord($c{0});             
        }
        if (ord($c{0}) >= 192 && ord($c{0}) <= 223) {
            return (ord($c{0})-192)*64 + (ord($c{1})-128);
        }
        if (ord($c{0}) >= 224 && ord($c{0}) <= 239) {
            return (ord($c{0})-224)*4096 + (ord($c{1})-128)*64 + (ord($c{2})-128);
        }
        if (ord($c{0}) >= 240 && ord($c{0}) <= 247) {
            return (ord($c{0})-240)*262144 + (ord($c{1})-128)*4096 + (ord($c{2})-128)*64 
                    + (ord($c{3})-128);
        }
        if (ord($c{0}) >= 248 && ord($c{0}) <= 251) {
            return (ord($c{0})-248)*16777216 + (ord($c{1})-128)*262144 + (ord($c{2})-
                    128)*4096 + (ord($c{3})-128)*64 + (ord($c{4})-128);
        }
        if (ord($c{0}) >= 252 && ord($c{0}) <= 253) {
            return (ord($c{0})-252)*1073741824 + (ord($c{1})-128)*16777216 + (ord($c{2})-
                   128)*262144 + (ord($c{3})-128)*4096 + (ord($c{4})-128)*64 + 
                   (ord($c{5})-128);
        }
        if (ord($c{0}) >= 254 && ord($c{0}) <= 255) {    //  error 
            return FALSE;
        }
        return 0;
    }   //  function _uniord()
    
    
    
    // It is assumed the interval array is sorted!
    // It is assumed we have a SIMPLE array (indexed 0, 1, 2, ...). 
    private function binaryIntervalSearch($array, $element) {
        if(count($array) === 1) {
            if($array[0][0] <= $element && $element <= $array[0][1]) {
                return true;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        } else if(count($array) === 0) {
            return false;
        }        
        // split the array into two halves and a central element. 
        $tC = count($array) >> 1;
        // rightmost left element
        if($array[$tC-1][1] >= $element) {
            return $this->binaryIntervalSearch(array_slice($array, 0, $tC), $element);
        } else if($array[$tC][0] <= $element) {
            return $this->binaryIntervalSearch(array_slice($array, $tC), $element);
        }
        return false;   
    }
    

    【讨论】:

    • 您是在自行回答您的编辑,而不是原始问题(处理东亚宽度而不是字素簇)。
    • 是的,看来这只是解决方案的一部分。
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