为 OS X 构建 Perl - 特定于体系结构的编译选项答案

【问题标题】：Building Perl for OS X - Architecture-Specific Compile Options为 OS X 构建 Perl - 特定于体系结构的编译选项
【发布时间】：2010-09-07 21:10:21
【问题描述】：

感谢Chas. Owens 的建议，我一直在玩Perlbrew 在我的主目录中构建各种Perl 版本很开心。然而，我的问题更普遍地是关于在 OS X 下构建更新的 Perl。

我在最近的 MacBook Pro 上运行 OS X 10.6.4 Snow Leopard。在 small diversion 在 Snow Leopard 下正确设置 gcc 之后，我使用默认选项在我的主目录中构建并运行 Perl 5.12.1。它通过了 Perl 测试工具。

Perlbrew 允许使用特定于操作系统和平台的标志来构建 Perl。这些是 Perl 配置脚本的 -D -U -A 选项。 perlmacosx 自述文件已经 4 年没有更新了，所以这已经不是很有帮助了。

我很想模仿系统 Perl v 5.10.0 中使用的 Apple 开关（在大多数情况下，您可以通过在系统中键入 [path_to_specific_perl]/perl -V 或 /usr/bin/perl 来查看特定 Perl 的开关...）与 -Dprefix=/usr 相比，对于新 Perl 构建的不同根目录会有所不同，我应该使用什么？

（目瞪口呆）以下是 Apple 编译选项与默认编译选项之间的主要区别：

config_args:
Apple:       -ds -e
Default:     -de

-D: =======================
Apple:       useithreads=define, usemultiplicity=define
Default:     useithreads=undef, usemultiplicity=undef

Compiler: =================
Apple:       optimize='-Os' 
Default:     optimize='-O3'

Apple:       -arch x86_64 -arch i386 -arch ppc
Default:     none specified

Apple:      -g -pipe
Default     these optimizations are not set

Apple       not set
Default     -no-cpp-precomp

Linker: ================
Apple:     useshrplib=true, libperl=libperl.dylib
Default:   useshrplib=false, libperl=libperl.a

Characteristics of libperl: =============
Apple      MULTIPLICITY PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT USE_ITHREADS USE_REENTRANT_API
Default    PERL_MALLOC_WRAP USE_PERL_ATOF

另一个区别是 Apple Perl libperl 是一个动态加载器，默认构建是静态链接的。

所以，问题：

我应该使用哪个-D -U -A 开关在 OS X 10.6+ 上构建 Perl 的本地副本？我不认为我需要像 Apple 版本那样的胖二进制文件，而且我不知道我是否应该做一个 dynaloader 版本。主要是我在寻找用于优化的建议开关和生成的 libperl 的建议特征。
我应该做一个 dynaloader 版本吗？（即，在 OS X 的意义上，Dynamic Libraries...）
系统 Perl 是/usr/bin/perl，我不想更改它。我是否将脚本中的 sheebang 更改为指向 Perlbrew 版本的 Perl？这意味着我的 sheebang 将是 `/Users/andrew/perl5/perl。我改变我的路径指向那里吗？其他人在这方面在做什么？什么是“最佳做法”？
当我运行 Perlbrew 时，我收到警告 v-string in use/require non-portable at ./perlbrew line 818. Perlbrew 中的第 818 行是 use 5.8.0; 该行不应该是 use 5.008_000 吗？

编辑

感谢 Jonathan Leffler，我至少有一些 Perls 可以看。在大多数情况下，我只是采用默认值，添加线程，而不是深入研究它，它似乎工作正常。现在我已经安装了几个 Perl 的 Perlbrew，并且我在 5.10 离开了系统 Perl。我在 sheebang 上使用 /usr/bin/env perl 来获得面向未来的代码。

【问题讨论】：

标签： perl macos gcc build perlbrew

【解决方案1】：

我能提供的最好的结果是为我的每个 5.1x 版本的 Perl 自制集合输出“perl -V”——一些 32 位，一些 64 位。我省略了 PowerPC 构建（从我拥有英特尔 Mac 之前的日子开始）。

drwxr-xr-x  8 jleffler  staff       272 Aug  1  2009 v5.10.0
drwxr-xr-x  8 jleffler  staff       272 Nov  8  2009 v5.10.1
drwxr-xr-x  6 jleffler  staff       204 Oct 26  2009 v5.10.1-64
drwxr-xr-x  6 jleffler  staff       204 Jun 23 09:36 v5.12.1
drwxr-xr-x  5 jleffler  staff       170 Jun 17 21:14 v5.12.1-32bit
drwxr-xr-x  5 jleffler  staff       170 Aug 30 15:02 v5.13.4

我不使用线程或多重性来构建。我确实使用动态加载进行构建；我使用 dlopen 版本 - 这是默认的建议。机器根据连接到网络的位置而获得不同的名称；这会显示在构建机器名称中。

5.10.0

Summary of my perl5 (revision 5 version 10 subversion 0) configuration:
  Platform:
    osname=darwin, osvers=9.7.0, archname=darwin-64int-2level
    uname='darwin osiris.sanjose.ibm.com 9.7.0 darwin kernel version 9.7.0: tue mar 31 22:52:17 pdt 2009; root:xnu-1228.12.14~1release_i386 i386 '
    config_args='-Duse64bitint'
    hint=recommended, useposix=true, d_sigaction=define
    useithreads=undef, usemultiplicity=undef
    useperlio=define, d_sfio=undef, uselargefiles=define, usesocks=undef
    use64bitint=define, use64bitall=undef, uselongdouble=undef
    usemymalloc=n, bincompat5005=undef
  Compiler:
    cc='cc', ccflags ='-fno-common -DPERL_DARWIN -no-cpp-precomp -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/gnu/include -I/usr/GNU/include',
    optimize='-O3',
    cppflags='-no-cpp-precomp -fno-common -DPERL_DARWIN -no-cpp-precomp -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/gnu/include -I/usr/GNU/include'
    ccversion='', gccversion='4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5493)', gccosandvers=''
    intsize=4, longsize=4, ptrsize=4, doublesize=8, byteorder=12345678
    d_longlong=define, longlongsize=8, d_longdbl=define, longdblsize=16
    ivtype='long long', ivsize=8, nvtype='double', nvsize=8, Off_t='off_t', lseeksize=8
    alignbytes=8, prototype=define
  Linker and Libraries:
    ld='env MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.3 cc', ldflags =' -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/gnu/lib -L/usr/GNU/lib'
    libpth=/usr/local/lib /usr/gnu/lib /usr/GNU/lib /usr/lib
    libs=-ldbm -ldl -lm -lutil -lc
    perllibs=-ldl -lm -lutil -lc
    libc=/usr/lib/libc.dylib, so=dylib, useshrplib=false, libperl=libperl.a
    gnulibc_version=''
  Dynamic Linking:
    dlsrc=dl_dlopen.xs, dlext=bundle, d_dlsymun=undef, ccdlflags=' '
    cccdlflags=' ', lddlflags=' -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/gnu/lib -L/usr/GNU/lib'


Characteristics of this binary (from libperl): 
  Compile-time options: PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV PERL_MALLOC_WRAP USE_64_BIT_INT
                        USE_LARGE_FILES USE_PERLIO
  Built under darwin
  Compiled at Jul 14 2009 10:09:56
  @INC:
    /Users/jleffler/perl/v5.10.0/lib/5.10.0/darwin-64int-2level
    /Users/jleffler/perl/v5.10.0/lib/5.10.0
    /Users/jleffler/perl/v5.10.0/lib/site_perl/5.10.0/darwin-64int-2level
    /Users/jleffler/perl/v5.10.0/lib/site_perl/5.10.0
    .

5.10.1（32 位）

Summary of my perl5 (revision 5 version 10 subversion 1) configuration:

  Platform:
    osname=darwin, osvers=9.8.0, archname=darwin-2level
    uname='darwin osiris.local 9.8.0 darwin kernel version 9.8.0: wed jul 15 16:55:01 pdt 2009; root:xnu-1228.15.4~1release_i386 i386 '
    config_args=''
    hint=recommended, useposix=true, d_sigaction=define
    useithreads=undef, usemultiplicity=undef
    useperlio=define, d_sfio=undef, uselargefiles=define, usesocks=undef
    use64bitint=undef, use64bitall=undef, uselongdouble=undef
    usemymalloc=n, bincompat5005=undef
  Compiler:
    cc='cc -m32', ccflags ='-fno-common -DPERL_DARWIN -no-cpp-precomp -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -fstack-protector -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/gnu/include',
    optimize='-O3',
    cppflags='-no-cpp-precomp -fno-common -DPERL_DARWIN -no-cpp-precomp -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -fstack-protector -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/gnu/include'
    ccversion='', gccversion='4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5493)', gccosandvers=''
    intsize=4, longsize=4, ptrsize=4, doublesize=8, byteorder=1234
    d_longlong=define, longlongsize=8, d_longdbl=define, longdblsize=16
    ivtype='long', ivsize=4, nvtype='double', nvsize=8, Off_t='off_t', lseeksize=8
    alignbytes=8, prototype=define
  Linker and Libraries:
    ld='env MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.3 cc -m32', ldflags =' -fstack-protector -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/gnu/lib'
    libpth=/usr/local/lib /usr/gnu/lib /usr/lib
    libs=-ldbm -ldl -lm -lutil -lc
    perllibs=-ldl -lm -lutil -lc
    libc=/usr/lib/libc.dylib, so=dylib, useshrplib=false, libperl=libperl.a
    gnulibc_version=''
  Dynamic Linking:
    dlsrc=dl_dlopen.xs, dlext=bundle, d_dlsymun=undef, ccdlflags=' '
    cccdlflags=' ', lddlflags=' -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/gnu/lib -fstack-protector'


Characteristics of this binary (from libperl): 
  Compile-time options: PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV PERL_MALLOC_WRAP
                        USE_LARGE_FILES USE_PERLIO
  Built under darwin
  Compiled at Sep  3 2009 07:26:44
  @INC:
    /Users/jleffler/perl/v5.10.1/lib/5.10.1/darwin-2level
    /Users/jleffler/perl/v5.10.1/lib/5.10.1
    /Users/jleffler/perl/v5.10.1/lib/site_perl/5.10.1/darwin-2level
    /Users/jleffler/perl/v5.10.1/lib/site_perl/5.10.1
    .

5.10.1 64 位

Summary of my perl5 (revision 5 version 10 subversion 1) configuration:

  Platform:
    osname=darwin, osvers=9.8.0, archname=darwin-2level
    uname='darwin osiris.sanjose.ibm.com 9.8.0 darwin kernel version 9.8.0: wed jul 15 16:55:01 pdt 2009; root:xnu-1228.15.4~1release_i386 i386 '
    config_args=''
    hint=recommended, useposix=true, d_sigaction=define
    useithreads=undef, usemultiplicity=undef
    useperlio=define, d_sfio=undef, uselargefiles=define, usesocks=undef
    use64bitint=define, use64bitall=define, uselongdouble=undef
    usemymalloc=n, bincompat5005=undef
  Compiler:
    cc='cc -m64', ccflags ='-fno-common -DPERL_DARWIN -no-cpp-precomp -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -fstack-protector -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/gnu/include',
    optimize='-O3',
    cppflags='-no-cpp-precomp -fno-common -DPERL_DARWIN -no-cpp-precomp -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -fstack-protector -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/gnu/include'
    ccversion='', gccversion='4.0.1 (Apple Inc. build 5493)', gccosandvers=''
    intsize=4, longsize=8, ptrsize=8, doublesize=8, byteorder=12345678
    d_longlong=define, longlongsize=8, d_longdbl=define, longdblsize=16
    ivtype='long', ivsize=8, nvtype='double', nvsize=8, Off_t='off_t', lseeksize=8
    alignbytes=8, prototype=define
  Linker and Libraries:
    ld='env MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.3 cc -m64', ldflags =' -fstack-protector -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/gnu/lib'
    libpth=/usr/local/lib /usr/gnu/lib /usr/lib
    libs=-ldbm -ldl -lm -lutil -lc
    perllibs=-ldl -lm -lutil -lc
    libc=/usr/lib/libc.dylib, so=dylib, useshrplib=false, libperl=libperl.a
    gnulibc_version=''
  Dynamic Linking:
    dlsrc=dl_dlopen.xs, dlext=bundle, d_dlsymun=undef, ccdlflags=' '
    cccdlflags=' ', lddlflags=' -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/gnu/lib -fstack-protector'


Characteristics of this binary (from libperl): 
  Compile-time options: PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV PERL_MALLOC_WRAP USE_64_BIT_ALL
                        USE_64_BIT_INT USE_LARGE_FILES USE_PERLIO
  Built under darwin
  Compiled at Sep  3 2009 10:12:54
  @INC:
    /Users/jleffler/perl/v5.10.1-64/lib/5.10.1/darwin-2level
    /Users/jleffler/perl/v5.10.1-64/lib/5.10.1
    /Users/jleffler/perl/v5.10.1-64/lib/site_perl/5.10.1/darwin-2level
    /Users/jleffler/perl/v5.10.1-64/lib/site_perl/5.10.1
    .

5.12.1 64 位

Summary of my perl5 (revision 5 version 12 subversion 1) configuration:

  Platform:
    osname=darwin, osvers=10.3.0, archname=darwin-2level
    uname='darwin dyn744040.sanjose.ibm.com 10.3.0 darwin kernel version 10.3.0: fri feb 26 11:58:09 pst 2010; root:xnu-1504.3.12~1release_i386 i386 '
    config_args=''
    hint=recommended, useposix=true, d_sigaction=define
    useithreads=undef, usemultiplicity=undef
    useperlio=define, d_sfio=undef, uselargefiles=define, usesocks=undef
    use64bitint=define, use64bitall=define, uselongdouble=undef
    usemymalloc=n, bincompat5005=undef
  Compiler:
    cc='cc', ccflags ='-fno-common -DPERL_DARWIN -no-cpp-precomp -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -fstack-protector -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/gnu/include -I/usr/GNU/include',
    optimize='-O3',
    cppflags='-no-cpp-precomp -fno-common -DPERL_DARWIN -no-cpp-precomp -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -fstack-protector -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/gnu/include -I/usr/GNU/include'
    ccversion='', gccversion='4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5659)', gccosandvers=''
    intsize=4, longsize=8, ptrsize=8, doublesize=8, byteorder=12345678
    d_longlong=define, longlongsize=8, d_longdbl=define, longdblsize=16
    ivtype='long', ivsize=8, nvtype='double', nvsize=8, Off_t='off_t', lseeksize=8
    alignbytes=8, prototype=define
  Linker and Libraries:
    ld='env MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.3 cc', ldflags =' -fstack-protector -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/gnu/lib'
    libpth=/usr/local/lib /usr/gnu/lib /usr/lib
    libs=-ldbm -ldb -ldl -lm -lutil -lc
    perllibs=-ldl -lm -lutil -lc
    libc=/usr/lib/libc.dylib, so=dylib, useshrplib=false, libperl=libperl.a
    gnulibc_version=''
  Dynamic Linking:
    dlsrc=dl_dlopen.xs, dlext=bundle, d_dlsymun=undef, ccdlflags=' '
    cccdlflags=' ', lddlflags=' -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/gnu/lib -fstack-protector'


Characteristics of this binary (from libperl): 
  Compile-time options: PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV PERL_MALLOC_WRAP USE_64_BIT_ALL
                        USE_64_BIT_INT USE_LARGE_FILES USE_PERLIO
                        USE_PERL_ATOF
  Built under darwin
  Compiled at Jun  8 2010 15:36:47
  @INC:
    /Users/jleffler/Perl/v5.12.1/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.12.1/darwin-2level
    /Users/jleffler/Perl/v5.12.1/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.12.1
    /Users/jleffler/Perl/v5.12.1/lib/perl5/5.12.1/darwin-2level
    /Users/jleffler/Perl/v5.12.1/lib/perl5/5.12.1
    .

5.12.1 32 位

Summary of my perl5 (revision 5 version 12 subversion 1) configuration:

  Platform:
    osname=darwin, osvers=10.4.0, archname=darwin-2level
    uname='darwin osiris-2.local 10.4.0 darwin kernel version 10.4.0: fri apr 23 18:28:53 pdt 2010; root:xnu-1504.7.4~1release_i386 i386 '
    config_args=''
    hint=recommended, useposix=true, d_sigaction=define
    useithreads=undef, usemultiplicity=undef
    useperlio=define, d_sfio=undef, uselargefiles=define, usesocks=undef
    use64bitint=undef, use64bitall=undef, uselongdouble=undef
    usemymalloc=n, bincompat5005=undef
  Compiler:
    cc='cc -m32', ccflags ='-fno-common -DPERL_DARWIN -no-cpp-precomp -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -fstack-protector -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/gnu/include -I/usr/GNU/include',
    optimize='-O3',
    cppflags='-no-cpp-precomp -fno-common -DPERL_DARWIN -no-cpp-precomp -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -fstack-protector -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/gnu/include -I/usr/GNU/include'
    ccversion='', gccversion='4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5659)', gccosandvers=''
    intsize=4, longsize=4, ptrsize=4, doublesize=8, byteorder=1234
    d_longlong=define, longlongsize=8, d_longdbl=define, longdblsize=16
    ivtype='long', ivsize=4, nvtype='double', nvsize=8, Off_t='off_t', lseeksize=8
    alignbytes=8, prototype=define
  Linker and Libraries:
    ld='env MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.3 cc -m32', ldflags =' -fstack-protector -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/gnu/lib -L/usr/GNU/lib'
    libpth=/usr/local/lib /usr/gnu/lib /usr/GNU/lib /usr/lib
    libs=-ldbm -ldl -lm -lutil -lc
    perllibs=-ldl -lm -lutil -lc
    libc=/usr/lib/libc.dylib, so=dylib, useshrplib=false, libperl=libperl.a
    gnulibc_version=''
  Dynamic Linking:
    dlsrc=dl_dlopen.xs, dlext=bundle, d_dlsymun=undef, ccdlflags=' '
    cccdlflags=' ', lddlflags=' -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/gnu/lib -L/usr/GNU/lib -fstack-protector'


Characteristics of this binary (from libperl): 
  Compile-time options: PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV PERL_MALLOC_WRAP
                        USE_LARGE_FILES USE_PERLIO USE_PERL_ATOF
  Built under darwin
  Compiled at Jun 17 2010 20:48:50
  @INC:
    /Users/jleffler/Perl/v5.12.1-32bit/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.12.1/darwin-2level
    /Users/jleffler/Perl/v5.12.1-32bit/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.12.1
    /Users/jleffler/Perl/v5.12.1-32bit/lib/perl5/5.12.1/darwin-2level
    /Users/jleffler/Perl/v5.12.1-32bit/lib/perl5/5.12.1
    .

5.13.4 64 位

Summary of my perl5 (revision 5 version 13 subversion 4) configuration:

  Platform:
    osname=darwin, osvers=10.4.0, archname=darwin-2level
    uname='darwin dyn9043040112.sanjose.ibm.com 10.4.0 darwin kernel version 10.4.0: fri apr 23 18:28:53 pdt 2010; root:xnu-1504.7.4~1release_i386 i386 '
    config_args=''
    hint=recommended, useposix=true, d_sigaction=define
    useithreads=undef, usemultiplicity=undef
    useperlio=define, d_sfio=undef, uselargefiles=define, usesocks=undef
    use64bitint=define, use64bitall=define, uselongdouble=undef
    usemymalloc=n, bincompat5005=undef
  Compiler:
    cc='gcc -m64', ccflags ='-fno-common -DPERL_DARWIN -no-cpp-precomp -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -fstack-protector -I/usr/gnu64/include -I/usr/local/include',
    optimize='-O3',
    cppflags='-no-cpp-precomp -fno-common -DPERL_DARWIN -no-cpp-precomp -fno-strict-aliasing -pipe -fstack-protector -I/usr/gnu64/include -I/usr/local/include'
    ccversion='', gccversion='4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5664)', gccosandvers=''
    intsize=4, longsize=8, ptrsize=8, doublesize=8, byteorder=12345678
    d_longlong=define, longlongsize=8, d_longdbl=define, longdblsize=16
    ivtype='long', ivsize=8, nvtype='double', nvsize=8, Off_t='off_t', lseeksize=8
    alignbytes=8, prototype=define
  Linker and Libraries:
    ld='env MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=10.3 cc', ldflags ='-fstack-protector -L/usr/gnu64/lib -L/usr/local/lib'
    libpth=/usr/gnu64/lib /usr/lib /usr/local/lib
    libs=-ldbm -ldb -ldl -lm -lutil -lc
    perllibs=-ldl -lm -lutil -lc
    libc=/usr/lib/libc.dylib, so=dylib, useshrplib=false, libperl=libperl.a
    gnulibc_version=''
  Dynamic Linking:
    dlsrc=dl_dlopen.xs, dlext=bundle, d_dlsymun=undef, ccdlflags=' '
    cccdlflags=' ', lddlflags=' -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -L/usr/gnu64/lib -L/usr/local/lib -fstack-protector'


Characteristics of this binary (from libperl): 
  Compile-time options: PERL_DONT_CREATE_GVSV PERL_MALLOC_WRAP USE_64_BIT_ALL
                        USE_64_BIT_INT USE_LARGE_FILES USE_PERLIO
                        USE_PERL_ATOF
  Built under darwin
  Compiled at Aug 30 2010 14:36:39
  @INC:
    /Users/jleffler/perl/v5.13.4/lib/site_perl/5.13.4/darwin-2level
    /Users/jleffler/perl/v5.13.4/lib/site_perl/5.13.4
    /Users/jleffler/perl/v5.13.4/lib/5.13.4/darwin-2level
    /Users/jleffler/perl/v5.13.4/lib/5.13.4
    .

【讨论】：

这很有帮助。谢谢！您是否使用 Perlbrew 或其他方法来构建单独的 Perls？
@drewk：我每次都手动构建（并配置它们）。如您所见，我将它们安装在带有版本号子目录的 $HOME/perl 中，并且我有一个适度复杂的脚本，用于设置我的 PATH 并默认选择最新版本的 Perl（以及各种其他程序的最新版本其中我保留了多个版本）。从目录列表中的构建日期可以看出，这往往是每几个月完成一次，所以我没有必要自动化这个过程。
我对英特尔感兴趣。谢谢。我将解析这些，看看我是否能弄清楚。再次感谢！！！