Python代码查找从/目录开始的所有目录/子目录中所有新创建、修改和删除的文件

Question

我知道如何在目录树中列出所有子目录和文件。但我正在寻找一种方法来列出从根目录开始的目录树中所有目录中所有新创建的文件、修改和（如果可能的话）删除的文件。

Answer 1

您可以通过查看每个文件的“mtime”找到最近半小时内创建或修改的所有文件：

import os
import datetime as dt

now = dt.datetime.now()
ago = now-dt.timedelta(minutes=30)

for root, dirs,files in os.walk('.'):  
    for fname in files:
        path = os.path.join(root, fname)
        st = os.stat(path)    
        mtime = dt.datetime.fromtimestamp(st.st_mtime)
        if mtime > ago:
            print('%s modified %s'%(path, mtime))

要生成已删除文件的列表，您还必须拥有 30 分钟前的文件列表。

---

更强大的替代方法是使用像git 这样的修订控制系统。提交目录中的所有文件就像制作快照一样。然后是命令

git status -s

将列出自上次提交以来已更改的所有文件。这也会列出已删除的文件。

Answer 2

from tempfile import mkstemp
import shutil
import os
import datetime as dt
import sys


# gets the time frame we are going to look back and builds a placeholder list to passover the info from our mtime to slay
now=dt.datetime.now()
ago=now-dt.timedelta(minutes=480)
passover=[]

# the '.' is the directory we want to look in leave it to '.' if you want to search the directory the file currently resides in
for root,dirs,files in os.walk('.'):
    for fname in files:
        path=os.path.join(root,fname)
        st=os.stat(path)
        mtime=dt.datetime.fromtimestamp(st.st_mtime)
        if mtime>ago:
            passover.append(path)


def slay(file_path, pattern, subst):
    #Create temp file
    fh, abs_path = mkstemp()
    with open(abs_path,'w') as new_file:
        with open(file_path) as old_file:
            for line in old_file:
                new_file.write(line.replace(pattern, subst))
    old_file.close()
    #Remove original file
    os.remove(file_path)
    #Move new file
    try:
        shutil.move(abs_path, file_path)
    except WindowsError:
        pass

#we pass the passover list to the slay command in a for loop in order to do muiltple replaces in those files.
for i in passover:
    slay(i,"String1","String2")

Answer 3

看看“man find”

创建一个临时文件进行比较

示例：

find / -type f -newerB tempFile

man find的某些部分

-newerXY reference
          Compares  the  timestamp of the current file with reference.  The reference argument is normally the name of a file (and one
          of its timestamps is used for the comparison) but it may also be a string describing an absolute time.  X and Y  are  place‐
          holders for other letters, and these letters select which time belonging to how reference is used for the comparison.

          a   The access time of the file reference
          B   The birth time of the file reference
          c   The inode status change time of reference
          m   The modification time of the file reference
          t   reference is interpreted directly as a time