使用 apache commons exec 运行管道命令的更好方法

Question

我正在使用 apache commons exec 运行命令：arp | wc -l 以下是我的代码：

 private String runCommand(String cmd, String params) {
        CommandLine commandLine = new CommandLine(cmd);
        commandLine.addArguments(params);
        ByteArrayOutputStream stdout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream stderr = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        PumpStreamHandler pumpStreamHandler = new PumpStreamHandler(stdout, stderr);
        ExecuteWatchdog watchdog = new ExecuteWatchdog(30000);  // 30s timeout
        DefaultExecutor executor = new DefaultExecutor();
        executor.setStreamHandler(pumpStreamHandler);
        executor.setWatchdog(watchdog);

        try {
            int retCode = executor.execute(commandLine);
            System.out.println("Executed '" + cmd + "'\n"
                    + "returnCode: " + retCode + "\n"
                    + "stdout:\n" + stdout.toString() + "\n"
                    + "stderr:\n" + stderr.toString());

            if (retCode == 0) {
                return stdout.toString();
            } else {
                throw new NonZeroExitStatusReturnedException(commandLine.toString(), retCode);
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Could not run command "+ commandLine.toString(), e);
        }
}

这里的 cmd 是 /bin/sh，参数是 -c arp|wc-l 代码给出以下输出：

Executed '/bin/sh'
returnCode: 0
stdout:
       54       71       4321

stderr:
usage: arp [-n] [-i interface] hostname
       arp [-n] [-i interface] [-l] -a
       arp -d hostname [pub] [ifscope interface]
       arp -d [-i interface] -a
       arp -s hostname ether_addr [temp] [reject] [blackhole] [pub [only]] [ifscope interface]
       arp -S hostname ether_addr [temp] [reject] [blackhole] [pub [only]] [ifscope interface]
       arp -f filename

我有两个问题：
问题 1。我不明白为什么我的输出中有三个数字（54 71 4321）。不是应该只有一个数字吗？

问题 2。有没有更好的方法来使用 apache commons exec 运行相同的命令？

Answer 1

关于您的第二个问题，我构建了一个纯 Java 解决方案：

/**
Run command $cmd1 and pipe its STDOUT to $cmd2, just like executing:

$ cmd1 | cmd2

from a Linux shell
*/
private String runCommand(String cmd1, String[] params1, 
                          String cmd2, String[] params2) {

    PipedOutputStream stdin = new PipedOutputStream();
    PipedInputStream stdout = new PipedInputStream();
    // - pipe STDOUT of first process to STDIN of second process
    stdin.connect(stdout);

    // - First process: arp
    CommandLine commandLine = new CommandLine(cmd1).addArgument(params1);

    DefaultExecutor executor = new DefaultExecutor();
    executor.setStreamHandler(new PumpStreamHandler(stdin));
    executor.execute(commandLine, new DefaultExecuteResultHandler());

    // - Second process: wc
    CommandLine commandLine2 = new CommandLine(cmd2).addArguments(params2);

    DefaultExecutor executor2 = new DefaultExecutor();
    executor2.setStreamHandler(new PumpStreamHandler(System.out, System.err,
                                                     stdout));
    executor2.execute(commandLine2, new DefaultExecuteResultHandler());
}

这省略了对管道（'|'）的需要，这将增强代码的可移植性和安全性（它使执行清理检查更容易）。

Answer 2

仔细阅读文档后 - https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-exec/apidocs/org/apache/commons/exec/CommandLine.html.
这是问题2的答案：

private String runCommand(String cmd, String[] params) {
        CommandLine commandLine = new CommandLine(cmd);
        commandLine.addArguments(params, false);
        ByteArrayOutputStream stdout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream stderr = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        PumpStreamHandler pumpStreamHandler = new PumpStreamHandler(stdout, stderr);
        ExecuteWatchdog watchdog = new ExecuteWatchdog(30000);  // 30s timeout
        DefaultExecutor executor = new DefaultExecutor();
        executor.setStreamHandler(pumpStreamHandler);
        executor.setWatchdog(watchdog);

        try {
            int retCode = executor.execute(commandLine);
            System.out.println("Executed '" + cmd + "'\n"
                    + "returnCode: " + retCode + "\n"
                    + "stdout:\n" + stdout.toString() + "\n"
                    + "stderr:\n" + stderr.toString());

            if (retCode == 0) {
                return stdout.toString();
            } else {
                throw new NonZeroExitStatusReturnedException(commandLine.toString(), retCode);
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Could not run command "+ commandLine.toString(), e);
        }
}

这里的 cmd 是：/bin/sh 参数为：new String[] { "-c", "arp|wc -l" }