Netbeans 之外的奇怪 GUI/jar 行为

Question

我用 Swing 编写了一些小型 Java 程序。当我通过 Netbeans 运行它们时它们工作正常，但是当我在 Netbeans 之外将它们作为 jar 运行时，Swing 元素会部分呈现或根本不呈现。

这是一个比较：

通过 Netbeans：

Netbeans 之外：

一些问题在框架出现时出现，而另一些问题在我将光标移到元素上时出现。主要问题是文本未呈现，按钮文本、边框和背景随机出现和消失。框架的边框不是问题。两张截图的区别只是因为 Windows 7 中的清晰框架以及我在制作截图时在程序下打开了哪些窗口。

这是一个简化版的 GUI 代码减去事件处理和程序逻辑：

package alarmclock;

import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.Box;
import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.Timer;

public class AlarmClockGUI {

    private JFrame frame;
    private JButton onOffButton;
    private JComboBox<String> alarmList;
    private JLabel remainingTime, currentTime,
            alarmTime;
    private final EventHandler eventHandler; //Handles GUI events
    private final boolean time24Mode = false; //Indicates 24H (true) or 12H (false) time

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                AlarmClockGUI acg = new AlarmClockGUI();
            }
        });
    }

    public AlarmClockGUI() {
        eventHandler = new EventHandler(); //Handles GUI events
        createFrameOptions();
    }

    class EventHandler implements ActionListener {
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //Code added here 
        }
    }

    private void updateTimeDisplay() {
        String tempTime = String.format("%tT", new Date());
        if (time24Mode) {
            currentTime.setText(tempTime);
        } else {
            currentTime.setText(String.format("%tr", new Date()));
        }
    }

    private void createFrameOptions() {
        frame = new JFrame("Alarm Clock");
        frame.getContentPane().add(createMainPanel());
        createTimer(); //must follow main panel creation
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setResizable(true);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null); //Centers frame. Must follow pack()
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    private JPanel createTimePanel() {
        JPanel timePanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());

        remainingTime = new JLabel("00:00:00", SwingConstants.CENTER);
        remainingTime.setFont(
                remainingTime.getFont().deriveFont(36.0f));
        remainingTime.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(164, 80));
        remainingTime.setOpaque(true);
        remainingTime.setBorder(
                BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Remaining Time"));
        currentTime = new JLabel(String.format("%tT", new Date()),
                SwingConstants.CENTER);
        currentTime.setFont(
                currentTime.getFont().deriveFont(16.0f));
        currentTime.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(164, 40));
        currentTime.setOpaque(false);
        currentTime.setBorder(
                BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Current Time"));
        alarmTime = new JLabel("00:00:00", SwingConstants.CENTER);
        alarmTime.setFont(
                alarmTime.getFont().deriveFont(16.0f));
        alarmTime.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(164, 40));
        alarmTime.setOpaque(false);
        alarmTime.setBorder(
                BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Alarm Time"));

        GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();
        c.gridx = 0;
        c.gridy = 0;
        c.gridheight = 2;
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL;
        timePanel.add(remainingTime, c);
        c.gridx = 1;
        c.gridheight = 1;
        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.NONE;
        timePanel.add(currentTime, c);
        c.gridy = 1;
        timePanel.add(alarmTime, c);
        return timePanel;
    }

    private JComboBox createAlarmList() {
        alarmList = new JComboBox<>();
        alarmList.addActionListener(eventHandler);
        alarmList.setActionCommand("List");
        alarmList.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
        return alarmList;
    }

    private JPanel createButtonPanel() {
        JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel();
        onOffButton = createButton("Alarm Off", eventHandler);
        onOffButton.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(88, 26));
        buttonPanel.add(createButton("New Alarm", eventHandler));
        buttonPanel.add(createButton("Edit", eventHandler));
        buttonPanel.add(onOffButton); //Not anonymous; button text changes
        buttonPanel.add(createButton("Delete", eventHandler));
        return buttonPanel;
    }

    private JButton createButton(String buttonName, ActionListener al) {
        JButton b = new JButton(buttonName);
        b.setActionCommand(buttonName);
        b.addActionListener(al);
        return b;
    }

    private JPanel createMainPanel() {
        JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel();
        mainPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(mainPanel, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));
        mainPanel.add(createTimePanel());
        mainPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(10, 10)));
        mainPanel.add(createAlarmList());
        mainPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(0, 10)));
        mainPanel.add(createButtonPanel());
        mainPanel.setBorder(
                BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(10, 10, 10, 10));
        return mainPanel;
    }

    private void createTimer() {
        Timer timer = new Timer(1000, eventHandler);
        timer.setActionCommand("Timer");
        timer.setInitialDelay(0);
        timer.start();
    }
}

我刚刚将我的 JRE 更新到了最新版本（在此之前也出现了问题），并且 Netbeans 使用与我系统的其余部分相同的 JRE。

有人知道为什么我的程序在 Netbeans 之外渲染不正确吗？

---更新-----------

我尝试按照建议设置外观，但没有帮助。

Answer 1

经过一番研究，我发现这个问题可能与在 JRE 上或在程序中显式设置某些系统属性有关。具体来说，我能够添加：

    System.setProperty("sun.java2d.noddraw", "true");

到 main 方法，这解决了我的问题。我在程序中明确设置了属性，以便我可以通过双击 jar 文件来运行程序。从控制台启动 JVM 时，也可以将此属性设置为标志：

-Dsun.java2d.noddraw=true

事实证明，Netbeans 使用该确切属性启动 JVM，这解释了为什么它在 Netbeans 中运行良好，但在它之外无法正常工作。

类似的问题被提到here，here 是 Oracle 所说的关于该属性的内容。显然，该属性可以在 JVM 上显式设置为标志，但我没有太多运气让它在我的机器上工作，所以我在程序中设置了它。