策略模式 - 如何注入策略 - NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException答案

【问题标题】：Strategy pattern - How to inject strategies - NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException策略模式 - 如何注入策略 - NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException
【发布时间】：2017-01-18 20:12:17
【问题描述】：

我正在开发一种解决方案，以在 SmsService 中实现多个提供程序。我需要一种从我的上下文中注入策略类的方法。问题是选择取决于外部属性。当我尝试部署此代码时，我得到了

org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type

这里我给你看我的代码：

提供者接口

public interface SmsProvider {

    public Integer send(String user, String password,List<Sms> list);

}

上下文类

@Component
public class ContextProvider {

private @Inject
    MessageDAO messageDAO;

private @Inject
    SmsProvider strategy;

public Integer send(String user,String password) {

        List<Sms> list = extractSmsList();

        return strategy.send(user,password, list);
}
public void setStrategy(SmsProvider strategy) {
        this.strategy = strategy;
    }

策略A

@Component("provider1")
public class Provider1 implements SmsProvider {

private @Inject
    MessageDAO messageDAO;

public Integer send(String user, String password, List<Sms> list) {

Status serviceErrorStatus = messageDAO.find(Status.class, 400);
...
}

策略 B

@Component("provider2")
public class Provider2 implements SmsProvider{

private @Inject
    MessageDAO messageDAO;

@Override
    public Integer send(String user, String password, List<Sms> list) {
        Status serviceErrorStatus = messageDAO.find(Status.class, 400);
...
}

使用策略。 在这个类中，我得到属性并在 switch 子句中选择策略。

    @Component
    public class SmsServiceImpl implements SmsService{

        @Value("${net.mycompany.sms.service.smsProvider}")
        private int smsProvider;
        private @Inject
        MessageDAO messageDAO;
        private @Inject 
        ContextProvider context;
    ....
        public Integer send(String user,String password) {

        LOG.debug("Sms provider property setted at: '{}'",smsProvider);
        switch (smsProvider) {
        case 1:
            context.setStrategy(new Provider1());
            return context.send(user, password);
        case 2: 
            context.setStrategy(new Provider2());
            return context.send(user, password);
        }
}

我还尝试删除策略类中的 @Component 和 Context 类中 smsProvider 声明中的 @Inject，我在 Dao 类中得到 NullPointerException 和我真的需要这个 daos。我正在使用 Spring 3.2.16-RELEASE 和 Java 7.0.15 请帮忙。任何指针都会有所帮助提前致谢

编辑我在 tomcat 6 服务器中添加了堆栈跟踪：

14:58:48.044 - mycompany_myCompanyFramework_Init[ERROR] - [main] ERROR o.s.web.context.ContextLoader - Context initialization failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'smsBC': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private net.mycompany.mc.messaging.service.MessageService net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.bc.SmsBCImpl.smsService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'smsService': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.impl.ContextProvider net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.impl.SmsServiceImpl.context; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'contextProvider': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.SmsProvider net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.impl.ContextProvider.strategy; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.SmsProvider] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@javax.inject.Inject()}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:289) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1146) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:519) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:458) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:296) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:293) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:628) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:932) ~[spring-context-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:479) ~[spring-context-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:389) ~[spring-web-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:294) ~[spring-web-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:112) [spring-web-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at net.mycompany.mycompanyframework.component.web.spring.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:37) [mycompanyFramework-web-3.4.5.jar:na]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4210) [catalina.jar:6.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4709) [catalina.jar:6.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1057) [catalina.jar:6.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:822) [catalina.jar:6.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1057) [catalina.jar:6.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:463) [catalina.jar:6.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:525) [catalina.jar:6.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:754) [catalina.jar:6.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:595) [catalina.jar:6.0.39]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.7.0_15]
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) ~[na:1.7.0_15]
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.7.0_15]
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601) ~[na:1.7.0_15]
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289) [bootstrap.jar:6.0.39]
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:414) [bootstrap.jar:6.0.39]
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private net.mycompany.mc.messaging.service.MessageService net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.bc.SmsBCImpl.smsService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'smsService': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.impl.ContextProvider net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.impl.SmsServiceImpl.context; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'contextProvider': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.SmsProvider net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.impl.ContextProvider.strategy; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.SmsProvider] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@javax.inject.Inject()}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:517) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:286) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    ... 29 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'smsService': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.impl.ContextProvider net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.impl.SmsServiceImpl.context; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'contextProvider': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.SmsProvider net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.impl.ContextProvider.strategy; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.SmsProvider] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@javax.inject.Inject()}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:289) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1146) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:519) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:458) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:296) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:293) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.findAutowireCandidates(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:912) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:855) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:770) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:489) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    ... 31 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.impl.ContextProvider net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.impl.SmsServiceImpl.context; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'contextProvider': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.SmsProvider net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.impl.ContextProvider.strategy; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.SmsProvider] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@javax.inject.Inject()}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:517) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:286) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    ... 42 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'contextProvider': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.SmsProvider net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.impl.ContextProvider.strategy; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.SmsProvider] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@javax.inject.Inject()}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:289) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1146) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:519) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:458) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:296) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:293) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.findAutowireCandidates(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:912) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:855) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:770) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:489) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    ... 44 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.SmsProvider net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.impl.ContextProvider.strategy; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.SmsProvider] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@javax.inject.Inject()}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:517) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:286) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    ... 55 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [net.mycompany.mc.messaging.sms.service.SmsProvider] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@javax.inject.Inject()}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:988) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:858) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:770) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:489) ~[spring-beans-3.2.6.RELEASE.jar:3.2.6.RELEASE]
    ... 57 common frames omitted

【问题讨论】：

标签： java spring dependency-injection strategy-pattern

【解决方案1】：

我会利用 Spring 提供的 FactoryBean 接口，并将 SmsProvider 的创建封装在适当的位置。当您使用注释配置时，然后基于您的类定义，FactoryBean 配置将如下所示：

首先：我们封装了基于注入的外部属性的策略选择：

@Component
public class SmsProviderFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<SmsProvider>{

    @Inject
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Value("${net.mycompany.sms.service.smsProvider}")
    private int smsProvider;

    @Override
    public SmsProvider getObject() throws Exception {
        SmsProvider smsProvider = null;

        switch (smsProvider) {
            case 1:
                smsProvider = (SmsProvider) applicationContext.getBean("provider1");
            case 2:
                smsProvider = (SmsProvider) applicationContext.getBean("provider2");
        }

        return smsProvider;
    }
}

第二个：定义配置 bean，当 'smsProvider' bean 将被注入到其他 bean 中时，将使用 getSmsProvder() 方法：

@Component
public class Configuration {

    @Inject
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Bean(name = "smsProvider")
    public SmsProvider getSmsProvider() throws Exception {
        return applicationContext.getBean(SmsProviderFactoryBean.class)
                .getObject();
    }
}

第三：在注入“smsProvider”时添加@Qualifer（这可能不是必需的，具体取决于您使用的 Spring 版本）：

@Component
public class ContextProvider {

@Inject
@Qualifier("smsProvider")
private SmsProvider strategy;

试一试。

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

您可以为此使用弹簧型材。使用配置文件注释每个实现：

@Component("provider1")
@Profile("provider1")
public class Provider1 implements SmsProvider {...}

@Component("provider2")
@Profile("provider2")
public class Provider2 implements SmsProvider {...}

当您启动应用程序时，激活其中一个配置文件。使用 Spring Boot，您可以通过在命令行或属性文件中设置属性“spring.profiles.active”来做到这一点，例如

spring.profiles.active=profile1

您可以随意命名配置文件，我使用与组件相同的名称只是为了简单起见
使用@Profile 注释组件类仅在使用ComponentScan 时有效，如果使用Java config，则需要注释@Bean 方法
您可以在spring doc 中找到有关带有 spring-boot 的配置文件的更多信息
您也可以在没有 spring-boot 的情况下使用配置文件，请参阅tutorial

【讨论】：

嗨@Stefan Isele - prefabware.com。谢谢你的回复。它没有用。再次提高 NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException，就像 Spring 忽略它一样。正如spring doc所说，我试图在多个路径中添加application.properties，但没有任何效果。我已经用春季版本编辑了我的问题。应该可以使用这个版本吗？
如何实例化 bean（类 Provider1 和 Provider 2）？您使用 xml、ComponentScan 还是 Java 配置？还请发布您使用堆栈跟踪获得的确切异常...
我们正在使用 ComponentScan。 src/main/resources/spring -> business.xml 。我已经发布了堆栈跟踪
堆栈跟踪显示，该类型的 no bean 已全部找到。这可能是因为您在启动应用程序时没有成功激活这两个配置文件中的任何一个。您是如何尝试激活配置文件的？你用spring-boot吗？